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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
2
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
3
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
4
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
5
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
humanist
6
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
7
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
archetypes
repressed memories
8
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
evolutionary
humanistic
9
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous
10
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
11
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
12
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
13
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
14
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
15
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
16
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
medulla
sensory cortex
17
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
18
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
19
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
mean
range
median
20
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
21
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
22
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
go for a run
eat a meal
23
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
construct validity
standardization
24
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
25
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
26
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
27
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
28
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
29
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
30
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
50
84
31
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
32
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
33
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
34
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
35
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
36
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
37
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
38
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
39
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
40
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
41
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
42
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
43
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
44
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
biological
45
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
46
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
47
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
48
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
49
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
theory Y
James-Lange
postconventional
50
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
retina
fovea
51
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
52
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
53
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
54
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
cornea
rods
optic nerve
55
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
56
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
neuroticism
conscientiousness
openness
57
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
58
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
59
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
60
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
61
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
62
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : increase
63
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
64
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
65
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
66
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
67
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
68
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
69
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
motor development
70
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
71
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
72
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
fovea
optic chiasm
optic nerve
73
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
74
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
75
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
76
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
77
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
78
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
79
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
80
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
81
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
82
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
83
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
84
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
85
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
86
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
87
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
88
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
89
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
90
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
correlation study
case study
naturalistic observation
91
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
92
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
93
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
94
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
95
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
96
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
late 40s
early 20s
mid 30s
97
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
98
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
culture
environment
99
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
Babinski
stepping
100
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
101
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
terminal button
neurotransmiters
myelin
102
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
behavioral
cognitive
structuralist
103
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
104
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
105
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
humanistic
106
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
107
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
social
dispositional
108
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
109
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
110
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
111
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
112
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
113
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random sampling
114
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
115
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
116
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
117
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
118
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
119
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
120
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
121
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
122
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
achievement
triarchic
123
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
sight
smell
124
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
125
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
126
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
modes
variances
outliers
127
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
128
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
129
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
130
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
131
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
132
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
linear perspective
closure
133
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
134
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
balance
sight
135
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
136
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
137
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
138
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
139
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
140
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
fundamental
internal
external
141
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
142
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
143
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
144
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
145
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
groupthink
146
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
superordinate goals
147
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
148
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
149
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
William James
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
150
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
151
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
152
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
153
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
154
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
155
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
156
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
157
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
158
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
159
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
160
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
161
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
162
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
163
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias