Atoms and the Periodic Table

a column on the periodic table; aka “family” (similar properties)

the sum of the protons & neutrons in an atom

an ion made of more than 1 atom

All atoms of the same element have different atomic numbers.

Who is the Russian chemist credited with the creation of the periodic table?

electrons found in the outermost (highest) energy level

the negatively charged particle in an atom

the reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water

the smallest particle that still can be considered an element

a chart showing all of the elements arranged according to the repeating pattern of their properties

the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds (ex: F₂, CO₂)

Which type of compound is characterized by hard, brittle crystals (orderly, 3-D arrangements) and high melting points?

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

can be drawn into long wires

a compound that tastes bitter, feels slippery, & turns red litmus paper blue

How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?

In the “planetary model,”

If an atom loses a valence electron, it becomes a negative ion.

English chemist who constructed the “atomic theory”

the attraction between a positive ion & a negative ion (metal + nonmetal atoms); ex: NaCl

The 1st energy level can hold a maximum of 2 electrons; the 2nd energy level 8 e-; the 3rd energy level 8 e-.

Danish scientist who suggested the “planetary model” for the atom

the dense, positively charged center of an atom

An atom is stable when its outer energy level is filled with electrons.

Greek philosopher who proposed that matter was made of small pieces that could not be cut into smaller parts

the positively charged particle in an atom

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally - slight electric charges on different parts of the molecule

Mendeleev’s periodic table was arranged according to atomic number; today’s table is arranged according to atomic mass.

Which of the following is not a tenet of John Dalton’s “atomic theory”?

a compound that reacts with metals, tastes sour, & turns blue litmus paper red

English scientist who discovered the neutron

shiny & reflective

the particle in an atom with no charge

the chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons (nonmetal + nonmetal atoms)

the ease with which an element combines with another element

Water has a neutral pH (value of 7).

a one- or two-letter abbreviation representing each element on the periodic table

can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under others

an atom or group of atoms that has either a positive or negative charge

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally (ex: H₂)

atoms with the same number of protons (same element) but different numbers of neutrons (different masses)

Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of

a row on the periodic table

Metals tend to gain valence electrons; nonmetals tend to lose valence electrons.

a substance that forms when atoms from 2 or more elements bond together

English physicist who discovered the electron & suggested the “plum pudding model” for the atom

New Zealand physicist who conducted the “gold foil experiment” and discovered the nucleus

an ionic compound made of the positive ion from the base and the negative ion from the acid

Atoms are neutral (the number of positively charged particles equals the number of negatively charged particles).

a compound that changes color when it contacts an acid or a base (ex: litmus paper)

In the “plum pudding model,”

can be hammered into thin sheets