stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Final Exam Review, ES 2018-2019 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Final Exam Review, ES 2018-2019
Final Exam Review, ES 2018-2019
103 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
128 plays
#Pearson #EnvironmentalScience
Flashcards
103 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
103
Answers
1
A process in which an event acts as both an input and output of the same system is called a(n)
feedback loop.
Earth system.
photosynthesis.
lithosphere.
2
In which main layer of Earth’s atmosphere does most weather occur?
thermosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere
3
Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are
biological hazards.
chemical hazards.
physical hazards.
social hazards.
4
Leaky underground storage tanks are a major source of what type of pollution?
sediment
biological
nonpoint-source
groundwater
5
Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmosphere, such as “sunny and humid,” describe
climatograph.
climate.
biome.
weather.
6
The final step of the environmental policy process is to
find the cause.
identify the problem.
guide the solution to law.
get organized.
7
If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive.
cane toads, kudzu, and zebra mussels
predators, parasites, and competitors
symbiotic and commensalist species
exotic species
8
Substances that can explode or produce fumes when compressed, heated, or mixed with water
reactive.
ignitable.
corrosive.
toxic.
9
Which of the following is an example of a method for managing whole ecosystems and habitats?
cloning
captive breeding
mapping biodiversity hotspots
Species Survival Plans (SSPs)
10
Rock that forms when water evaporates and leaves behind minerals and other materials is
clastic sedimentary rock.
chemical sedimentary rock.
biochemical sedimentary rock.
metamorphic rock.
11
Which of the following countries has yet to go through the demographic transition?
Japan
India
United States
Germany
12
Which of the following factors causes people to respond differently to environmental hazards?
weight
all of the above
health issues
sex
13
High levels of biodiversity tend to
make an ecosystem less resilient.
have little or no effect on ecosystems.
increase the stability of an ecosystem.
decrease an ecosystem’s resistance.
14
Natural resources that are naturally replenished over months, years, or decades are called
renewable resources.
footprints.
fossil fuels.
nonrenewable resources.
15
Which of the following is a source of high-level radioactive waste?
uranium mines
laboratories
hospitals
nuclear power plants
16
Large quantities of tailings are permanently stored in
subsurface tunnels.
mountaintops.
open pits.
impoundment dams.
17
The nation’s most used train systems are
heavy rail systems in the largest cities.
subway systems in the smallest cities.
commuter rail systems in rural communities.
light rail systems in medium-sized cities.
18
Teeth and shells from dead organisms can become minerals because they
are inorganic body parts.
have luster and cleavage.
are formed by geologic processes.
are formed by organisms under high temperature and pressure.
19
A characteristic of ground source heat pumps is that
underground soil temperature remains constant year-round.
they do not use water.
heat does not have to be transferred.
they use heated underground rocks.
20
A mineral that is found in horizontal deposits near the surface is likely to be mined by
open pit mining.
strip mining.
mountaintop removal.
placer mining.
21
Which type of forest most likely contains the greatest variety of habitats?
old-growth forests
even-aged stands
monocultures
plantations
22
“All the living things and their physical environment within a given area” best defines
a community.
an ecosystem.
the biosphere.
a population.
23
Using lead from old worn-out car batteries is an example of
reducing use.
surface mining.
recycling.
reclamation.
24
In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?
13
7
10
5
25
Which area would have the lowest population density?
seacoast in Europe
tundra in Russia
suburb in the U.S.A.
river in China
26
Marshes, swamps, and bogs are examples of
ocean zones.
terrestrial biomes.
estuaries.
freshwater wetlands.
27
Most major laws in modern U.S. environmental policy were enacted in the
years between 2000–2005.
1960s and 1970s.
1980s and 1990s.
years between 2005–2010.
28
Scientists determine current climate conditions by
examining ice cores.
using proxy indicators.
making direct measurements.
creating computer models.
29
The lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, the one directly above the ground, is called the
mesosphere.
thermosphere.
troposphere.
stratosphere.
30
Which type of organism dwarfs all others in terms of species diversity?
mammals
insects
plants
protists
31
The use of hydropower is unlikely to increase in the future because
most of the useable rivers are too polluted to be dammed.
it is too expensive.
it is too harmful to ecosystems.
most of the useable rivers are already dammed.
32
The process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called
dose-response relationship.
toxicology.
risk assessment.
epidemiology.
33
Prevailing winds move
warm air away from the poles.
cool air toward the poles.
warm air away from the equator.
warm air toward the equator.
34
Which of the following is a mineral that is mined as a fuel source?
salt
tantalum
uranium
coltan
35
In recent years, the human population has
decreased exponentially.
increased slowly.
increased exponentially.
decreased slowly.
36
“Energy Star,” “USDA Organic,” and “Fair Trade Certified” are all examples of
market failure.
non-market values
ecosystems.
ecolabelling.
37
Which major category of water use would include watering grain to feed to livestock?
agricultural
electrical
personal
industrial
38
What source produces the largest amounts of hazardous waste?
small businesses
industry
schools
households
39
Substances, such as smoke and carbon monoxide, released into the air are called
emissions.
scrubbers.
fossil fuels.
air masses.
40
The best way to reduce groundwater pollution is to
speed up the eutrophication process.
increase the use of groundwater mining.
build more desalination plants.
prevent it from happening.
41
Items that are biodegradable will
not be allowed into an incinerator.
decompose or break down naturally.
eventually become radioactive waste.
take up more space in a landfill.
42
A hole dug into an aquifer to reach groundwater is called a
drainage basin.
well.
spring.
watershed.
43
Erosion of soil from land that has been strip-mined can be partially controlled by
replacing the soil that was removed.
adding tailings to the area.
letting the land recover on its own.
planting plants.
44
What needs to be done first before proposing a solution to an environmental problem?
Help a solution become law.
Gain access to policymakers.
Identify specific causes of the problem.
Get organized to take action.
45
Which of the following laws is concerned with activities after mining is complete?
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977
Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
General Mining Law of 1872
46
Deforestation is particularly harmful in arid regions because it can lead to
a decrease in greenhouse gases.
desertification.
loss of jobs.
a massive loss of biodiversity.
47
Harmful algal blooms are a result of what type of pollution?
mercury
oil
groundwater
nutrient
48
What is the first step in a typical drinking-water treatment process?
chlorination
settling
aeration
filtration
49
What products are created by the process of photosynthesis?
phosphorus and nitrogen
carbon dioxide and water
the sun's light and energy
oxygen and carbohydrates
50
Which nutrient is usually responsible for causing eutrophication in fresh water?
salt
mercury
oxygen
phosphorous
51
Which statement about the littoral zone in a lake or pond is true?
It has deep water.
It is far from the shore.
It is rich in invertebrates.
There are no rooted aquatic plants.
52
Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?
biological
physical
social
chemical
53
Removing trees so that native prairie grasses can grow again is an example of
greenways.
zoning.
ecological restoration.
green building.
54
Which factor(s) help increase total fertility rates?
needing extra help on farms
government programs supporting older adults
more children surviving childhood
one-child policies
55
What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered in water?
25 percent
90 percent
50 percent
75 percent
56
In which ocean zones do crabs, mussels, anemone, barnacles, and sea stars live?
aphotic
open ocean
intertidal
neritic
57
What is the main source of pollutants in photochemical smog?
volcanoes
motor vehicle emissions
factories
farming
58
If a wood product is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council, it was produced
from recycled materials.
from trees grown on a plantation.
using sustainable methods.
because consumers demanded it.
59
What is one of the key benefits to incinerating waste?
The waste’s weight and volume is greatly reduced.
Waste disappears during incineration.
Incinerating waste has no benefits.
No pollution is released.
60
When you plug your cell phone into an outlet to recharge it, you are using energy for
transportation.
industry.
residential use.
commercial use.
61
Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called
nutrients.
fertilizers.
decomposers.
legumes.
62
Which of the following gives value to all living things, both human and nonhuman?
Ecocentrism
Biocentrism
Anthropocentrism
Environmental justice
63
Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
The tulips are red.
The tulips smell nice.
There are 3 tulips.
The tulips are prettier than the roses.
64
How does the ozone layer benefit living things on Earth?
is necessary for most living things to breathe
provides drinking water in the form of rain
keeps Earth cool enough for life to survive
protects life from the sun’s ultraviolet rays
65
The energy of motion is
electrical energy.
chemical energy.
potential energy.
kinetic energy.
66
A device in a motor vehicle that reduces the amount of air pollutants in emissions is a(n)
chlorofluorocarbon.
catalytic converter.
scrubber.
inversion.
67
What is the purpose of the chain reaction in a nuclear power plant?
to produce the heat and steam that turn the turbine
to cause steam to condense into liquid water
to reduce the temperature in the cooling tower
to produce neutrons that turn the generator
68
How is natural gas transported from its source to where it is used?
by railroad tanker cars
by trucks
by pipelines
by ships
69
Which zone of an aquatic ecosystem tends to have more life—both producers and consumers?
photic zone
All have roughly the same amounts of life.
benthic zone
aphotic zone
70
Why is the use of natural gas growing faster than that of most other fossil fuels?
It is colorless and odorless.
It is less expensive.
It is less polluting.
It emits carbon dioxide.
71
Water which returns from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface as rain or snow is called
precipitation.
condensation.
transpiration.
evaporation.
72
Overirrigation can result in
sediment capture.
recharge.
water diversion.
salinization.
73
In which of the following countries would individuals have the largest ecological footprints?
Thailand
Canada
China
India
74
What is used to absorb heat in a flat-plate solar collector?
a heat pump
a photovoltaic cell
glass panes
a metal plate
75
Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States?
all of the above
improved roads
less expensive land
more affordable automobiles
76
GIS stands for
Global Intelligence System.
Geographic Information System.
Greenway Interstate Solution.
Geography Interaction Satellite.
77
What is produced when water is broken down chemically?
both hydrogen and oxygen
only hydrogen gas
both hydrogen and carbon dioxide
only oxygen gas
78
Which of the following are considered part of the environment?
buildings
forests
all of these
people
79
The number of organisms that an environment can support is called the
carrying capacity.
growth rate.
life expectancy.
demography.
80
A treaty is a(n)
state law to protect wildlife.
agreement under international law.
trade-off with landowners.
biodiversity program run by zoos.
81
Most of the oil used in the United States is used for
transportation.
industry.
electric power.
commerce.
82
A large area of cropland seeded with one crop is a(n)
monoculture.
polyculture.
organic practice.
traditional farming technique.
83
Which stage of the demographic transition has the highest level of population growth?
industrial
pre-industrial
post-industrial
transitional
84
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as a virus or a bacterium,called a
pandemic.
pathogen.
carcinogen.
toxicant.
85
The number of males compared to females in a population is the
demography.
sex ratio.
age structure.
total fertility rate.
86
Which is the proper sequence of steps in the demographic transition model?
transitional, pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial
pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, post-industrial
post-industrial, transitional, industrial, pre-industrial
pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial, transitional
87
Which is the highest population density of grasshoppers?
50 grasshoppers/30 square meters
35 grasshoppers/10 square meters
40 grasshoppers/20 square meters
1 grasshopper/1 square meter
88
Which human activity contributes the most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
fishing
farming
breathing
burning fossil fuels
89
A fuel cell is a device that is used to produce
heat.
carbon dioxide.
oxygen.
electricity.
90
Which of Earth’s spheres consists of the layers of gases surrounding our planet?
geosphere
atmosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
91
What event in the mid-1700s significantly changed human population growth?
human settlement began
development of agriculture
bubonic plague
Industrial Revolution
92
The fact that fossil fuels formed at the bottom of swamps implies that
swamps are under large amounts of pressure.
there was little or no oxygen in that environment.
most of Earth’s surface was once covered by swamps.
living things once lived in all parts of Earth.
93
Which of the following is a principle of smart growth?
protecting wildlife habitats
creating neighborhoods best suited for cars
focusing development outside of existing urban centers
building up, not out
94
Which sphere are humans a part of?
geosphere
biosphere
hydrosphere
atmosphere
95
You would expect to find most farmers who use GM crops living in
relatively wealthy, developed nations.
relatively poor, undeveloped nations.
countries with strong environmental protection laws.
countries with weak environmental laws.
96
Toxicology deals primarily with what types of hazards?
biological and social
natural disasters
both chemical and physical
human-made
97
Why is environmental science considered an interdisciplinary field?
It is more of a social movement than a scientific study.
It is a new form of science that is still being developed.
It borrows techniques from numerous subjects.
It studies environments from all across the planet.
98
What kind of chemical bonds are found in the mineral gold?
carbon-hydrogen bonds
gold-gold bonds
gold-oxygen bonds
carbon-carbon bonds
99
What is the correct hierarchy of taxonomic groups, from largest to smallest?
genus, family, species, subspecies
family, genus, species, subspecies
genus, family, subspecies, species
family, genus, subspecies, species
100
A bog is a wetland that
is entirely covered with thick, floating mats of vegetation.
has shallow water and tall, grasslike plants.
has shallow water and woody shrubs and trees.
has mostly salt water.
101
Which of the following is an example of a renewable natural resource?
copper
wave energy
crude oil
coal
102
Which kind of energy is the most expensive way to generate electricity?
geothermal energy
hydropower energy
biomass energy
solar energy
103
The main goal of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act is to
prevent salvage logging.
prevent prescribed burning.
prevent erosion and soil damage.
promote salvage logging.
