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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
2
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
3
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
4
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
5
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
6
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
7
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
8
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
9
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
10
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
11
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
12
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
13
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
14
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
15
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
16
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
17
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
18
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
19
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
20
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
21
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
22
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
23
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
24
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
25
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
26
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
27
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
28
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
29
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
30
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
31
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
grapheme
holobase
morpheme
32
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
33
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
34
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
single blind study
double blind study
35
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
36
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
37
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
38
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
39
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
40
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
41
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
hearing
balance
touch
42
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
43
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
44
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
cognitive
45
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
46
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
47
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
48
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
49
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
50
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
51
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
planning for the future
maintaining balance
52
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
client-centered therapy
53
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
individualism
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
54
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
55
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
56
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
57
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
Albert Bandura
58
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
59
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
60
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
61
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
62
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
63
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
64
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
cognitive
humanistic
psychodynamic
65
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
66
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
67
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
68
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
69
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
triarchic
projective
standardized
70
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
71
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
72
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
68
84
73
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
74
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
75
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
76
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
77
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
78
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
79
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
80
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
81
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
82
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
83
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
84
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
85
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
86
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
87
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
88
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
89
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
90
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
normally distributed
variances
91
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
attachment
object permanence
92
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
93
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
94
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
95
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
external
situational
96
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
97
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
98
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
99
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
100
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
101
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
102
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
behavioral
social
103
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
104
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
105
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
106
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
107
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
neuroticism
extraversion
108
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
109
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
mean
standard deviation
median
110
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
111
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
112
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
113
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
114
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
primary
partial
secondary
115
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
116
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
117
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
118
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
119
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
assignment to conditions
120
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
121
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
122
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
123
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
projection
reaction formation
124
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
125
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
126
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
127
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
environment
temperament
culture
128
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
trait
humanistic
129
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
130
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
131
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
adrenaline
dopamine
132
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
133
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
134
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
stepping
Babinski
135
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
136
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
137
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
hindsight bias
138
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist