Unit 4 Enlightenment Test Review

The agreement where people give up some of their freedoms to the government to avoid chaos is what?

What thinker inspired checks and balances?

People are basically reasonable and moral. Natural rights should not be violated--life, liberty, and property.

Published book explaining law of gravity. Partially invented calculus.

Copernicus' __________ theory said that the sun was the center of the universe.

Exposed abuses of his day (religious, slave trade, corrupt govt). Believed in dividing church & state.

People are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Only a powerful government can make an orderly society.

__________ incorporated literature about peoples' lives.

Father of surgery. Developed new surgical techniques, introduced artificial limbs, invented several sci. instruments.

Smith's economic belief that expressed that the government should not have interference in the workings of a free market

The Social Contract, good of community should be placed above individual interests.

Wrote On the Structure of the Human Body, which was the 1st accurate & detailed study of human anatomy.

What is not considered a natural right?

Provided evidence that supported Copernicus's heliocentric worldview. Used data & observation, proved moon & planet mvmt

Enlightened despots influenced what?

______________ art can be described as light, elegant, and charming.

Robinson Crusoe and Pamela are both considered what?

The final break w/ medieval Europe, supported math laws, began the idea that the physical world is shaped by people.

Where middle classes and nobility gathered to have intellectual discussions.

What is the force that pulls objects in Earth's sphere?

A ___________________ divides powers between national and state governments.

Encyclopedias included works on all but what?

Father of the Scientific Method, focused on inductive reasoning (experimentation and observation).

Focused on human reasoning and created deductive reasoning.

In a _______________, power is divided between national and state governments.

Enlightenment works challenged the old order and were sometimes ____________.

Perfected the microscope, became 1st human to see cells and microorganisms.

Enlightenment thinkers disguised their ideas in fiction to avoid what?

Assembled a telescope and observed the 4 moons of Jupiter. Put on trial by the Church and recanted.

Father of Chemistry, matter is composed of tiny particles. Explained temperature & pressure on gases.

A possible explanation to be tested is known as a ______________.

Only education can give women the tools they need to participate equally with men in public life.

What did Martin Luther and Galileo Galilei have in common?

Who was not considered an Enlightened Despot?

Geocentric theory says that ____________ is at the center of the universe.

Created Encyclopedias. Purpose was to change the general way of thinking with govt, philosophy, and religion.

Best way to protect liberty was to divide functions and powers of government. Each branch would check the others' power.

Believed in laissez faire: businesses should operate with little or no government interference.

Created the 3 Laws of Planetary motion, calculated the orbits of the planets, proving that they move in an ellipse.

Revolution of the Heavenly Sphere, heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe.