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TV1103 AVS part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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TV1103 AVS part 1
TV1103 AVS part 1
100 terms
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Lectures 1-4
Flashcards
100 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
100
Answers
1
What aspects of the gut are circled?
Swim bladder (out pouch of oesophagus)
Short oesophagus
Stomach
Trachea
2
Neutral buoyancy is maintained by the ovale muscle sphincter that controls volume of blood flow through local vessels.
False
True
3
How does UV sanitisation/disinfection occur?
The entire water system is exposed to the UV for 10-30sec to fully sanitise
Fish are removed from the water, then tanks are exposed to the UV for 1hr
Within a unit minimum UV dose and exposure time (10-30sec) is maintained
4
What fish body shape is depicted in the image?
Compressiform: prolonged speed for predator evasion
Compressiformis: easy maneuverability around obstacles
Compressiform: quick speed for a short distance
Compressiformis: quick speed for prolonged distance
5
What layer are the fish scales derived from?
Epidermis
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Dermis
6
Describe the Kidney...
It comprises 2 bean seed shaped organs
Collecting ductc pass urins to 2 ureters (merge to form bladder)
Has 2 blood supplies (arterial & caudal portal system)
7
What are the disadvantages to feeding with bait/trash fish?
The diet of the fish is unknown so potential health benefits unlikely
Sourcing may proove difficult
The trash/bait fish may carry high levels of undigestible fat
It's unsustainable & availability may fluctuate
8
What is a polyculture?
Multiple species sharing resources, different layers of the same area
Grow lower order consumers to feed higher order consumers in the same area
Where there are two or more species
When aquatic plants are grown alongside aquatic animals
9
How should a new fish tank be established?
Feed sparingly and increase feed slowly over several weeks
Ensure tank is fully sterilised & free of bacteria before introducing fish
Leave fish in similar water for weeks prior to putting them in the new tank
Load system slowly - introduce fish a few at a time, or stock small ones
10
Identify the piece of filtration equipment
Drum filter
Protein skimmer
Sand filter
Bead filter
11
Why must pH be regulated in aquaculture?
To prevent the phososynthetic plants from dying
High acidity or alkalinity can be lethal to fish
So the water doesn't succeed in diluting the fish to counteract the change
12
Describe the fish tail shape.
Bilateral: helps with increased speed
Fork: allows for advanced speed and evading predators
Forked: good accelerating & maneuvering, less surface area = less drag
13
Explain extensive aquaculture
Animals live in the wild
Organisms take nutrition from the environment
Fish are grown to their largest size then sold
There is a large surface area
14
How do Physoclistic (spiny rayed) fish regulate their swim bladder?
Via gas gland (highly vascularised area), pneumatic duct closed
CO2 & lactic acid cause gas offload to swim bladder from blood
Gulp in air to directly regular pressure <1atm
Have the air re-routed from respiration to fill the swim bladder
15
What is Eutrophication?
The nutrient enrichment of aquatic ecosystems
Adding oxygen to the water via an aeration device
Introducing plants to the system to oxygenate the water and remove waste
Including lower order organisms to develop a multi-trophic system
16
Zymogen granules (enzymes for digestion) contained in acinar cells of axocrine pancreas in prominant feeding fish
False
True
17
What's the location and function of the Weberian apparatus?
Between the inner ear & brain. Can distinguish between sound frequencies
Between the swim bladder and the inner ear. Differentiates sounds
18
When feeding fish ,the food should be dumped in 1 spot.
False
True
19
Which statement describes this fish body shape?
Depressiformis: swims using the same motion at a dolphin
Depressimer: easy maneuverability around objects
Depressiform: swims like a flying bird e.g. rays
20
The fish nitrogen cycle is controlled through a machanical filtration process
False
True
21
What is the clinical significance of finding fish scales on your hands?
The fish has a flesh wound and will bleed
An infection may occur, causing the fish to appear dead
The fish's internals are now esposed to the environment
Can cause death
22
Explain this fish tail shape.
Emarginer: more prolonged speed and ease for evading predators
Emarginate: effective accelerating & meneuvering, less drag that truncate
23
Genetically fish scales are produced by the same genes as hair and nail in mammals.
True
False
24
What are the advantages of fish oil?
Stored as oil
Stored as edible fats
It's a more easily accessible option
Contains a high amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)
25
Why might farmed fih get fat?
Lack of space leads to decreased activity and energy use
Incorrect feeding of poor quality protein or not enough protein
Feeding too much protein will cause the fish to become consntipated
26
Describe the fish tail shape...
Rounded: large SA for acceleration & maneuvering, creates drag = fish tire
Rounded: large surface area for speed and predator evading, no major drag
27
How do other fish (e.g. sharks, tuna), maintain water movement over gills?
Must maintain a constant pace at all times to allow for respiration
Continuously swallowing water
Gills have evolved to have more rigid lamellae to withstand high speeds
Swim constantly
28
What statement is true of this scale type?
Placoid: on cartilage fish, has pointed shape
Leptoid: pointed tip, found in finfish
29
What's the function of the cranial section?
Removes nitrogenous waste from the blood
Produces blood cells
Filters the blood
30
How do blood vessles maintain neutral buoyancy with respect to the ovale muscle sphincter?
Muscle relaxes = swim bladder inflates
Muscle constricts; reduced blood flow, reduce contact with swim bladder gas
Muscle relaxes = more blood flow through absorbing gas from swim bladder
Muscle constricts = swim bladder deflates
31
What is this fish tail shape?
Bilunar: effective maneuverign around obstacles and evading of predators
Lunar: increased speed and maneuverign ability
Lunate: rigid & less SA = less drag & great acceleration & less maneuvering
32
What's the correct order for the fish Nitrogen cycle?
C, D, A, B
D, B, A, C
A, B, C, D
B, A, D, C
33
Poikilotherms: are ectotherms, metabolism varies with temperature, their internal temp is the same as environment
False
True
34
Old Tank Syndrome: fish put into a tank with immature filter system, resulting in ammonia spikes, can kill fish.
True
False
35
How do Physostomic (soft rayed) fish regulate their swim bladder?
Have air move into it from their respiration
Have the air from their digestive processes re-routed to their swim bladder
Gulp in atmospheric air to directly regulate presure <1atm
36
What is true for protein skimmers?
Removes fine solids and organic & nitrogenous waste before it breaks down
Organic compounds aren't charged, so they float & are trapped by bubbles
The bubbles are formed by a reaction in the water
Organic compounds are attracted/repelled by bubbles; forms protein scum
37
What statement(s) are true for the fish heart and ventricle?
Shape of heart varies per fish species
Fast swimming fish have pyramid shape heart
Has outer compact layer supplied by coronary artery & inner spongey layer
All fish species have the same heart shape
38
The hepatopancreas is the pancreatic tissue found in liver of some species like prawns and barramundi
True
False
39
A protandrous fish ia a sequential hermaphrodite that changes from female to male. E.g. Parrotfish
False
True
40
What is true for Osmoregulation in SW teleost fish?
Active NaCl secretion accross gill epithelium
Swallow sea water so intestines can absorb NaCl + H2O
Hypoosmotic; lose H2O and gain NaCl via gill diffusion
Excrete a small amount of blood-siotonic urine
41
Cranial & caudal gut separated by ileocretal/annular valve. Bile & pancreatic ducts & pyloric caeca open to caudal
False
True
42
Media stays underwater, O2 for nitrification comes frow water, increases pressure on gas exchange. This describes?
Drum filter
Submerged biofilter
Suspended biofilter
Protein skimmer
43
What is ammonia toxicity affected by?
pH (acidity makes less toxic)
pH (acidity makes more toxic)
Absence or presence of nitrifying bacteria
Quantity (more = more toxic)
44
This fish tail shape is...
Truncate: effective accelerating and meneuvering, less drag than rounded
Truncater: creates speed over shorter distances
Emarginate: not much drag and less maneuvering ability
45
Where is Aquaculture focussed Globally?
China
Latin America
India
South East Asia
46
Why is the protein:energy ratio important for fish feeds?
Energy level too high means protein will be metabolised much faster
Protein is required for growth - poor quality protein becomes fat
Energy levels in diet high = protein insufficient to meet metabolic needs
Low protein level & moderate energy = fat fish
47
Explain the protein & lipid needs of fish.
7-15% fish diet needs to be synthesised lipids
Diet must be highly digestible
7-15% fish diet needs to be un-synthesised lipids
Fish need to have 10% of their weight in protein
48
Describe the function of the Kidney caudal secion.
SW kidney have altered anatomy, produce concentrated urine & conserve urine
Functions in Osmoregulation
FW kidneys produce dilute urine to counteract influx of water over gills
Is responsible for filtering the blood
49
What part of the gill is the large arrow pointing to?
Gill Raker
Hemibranch: additional pseudo branch for gas exchnge
Holobranch: usually 4, contain 2 hemibranches
50
Why should feed be given sparingly to increase over time in a new system?
Being introduced to a new environment can stress fish
The fish being introduced are generally very young, low food requirements
The fish need time to adapt to the new diet
Ammonis spikes after feeding and bacteria will take time to colonise filter
51
What is true for fish Amino Acid requirements?
Getting the right composition is key to good digestibility and diet
Getting the wrong composition can cause cardiac problems
Fish naturally make 10 AA in body, the rest come from diet
All fish require the same composition
52
What are the requirements of the nitrification process in biofilters?
Substrate for bacteria
pH7
Oxygen
Ammonia (food)
53
Select the correct information regarding this image
Requires electricity
Form of biofiltration
Water passes into drum, passes out through walls (filter screen).
Drum filter: continuous filtration, self cleaning
54
Describe a monoculture
Where a single animal is farmed
One animal is cloned and it's "offspring" farmed
One species is farmed
55
Describe the gill rakers
Located laterally, are important in the respiration process
Located medially, protect the gills and keep food in the throat
Border the gill opening and contract to allow passage of water
56
What is mechanical filtration?
People with water skimmer rakes remove waste and debris from the water
A machine removes suspended solids from the system water flow
Where robots remove waste from the system's water
57
What are the gut length specifications?
Piscivore = short Herbivore = long
Herbivore = long Piscivore = short
58
What's the difference between a synchronous hermaphrodite and a sequential hermaphrodite?
Sequential hermaphrodite: only 1 reproductive organ mature, some can change
Synchronous hermaphrodite: only 1 reproductive organ mature some can change
Sequential hermaphrodite: both ovaries and testes develop
Synchronous hermaphrodite: both ovaries and testes mature
59
Why is O2 a requirement of Nitrification and biofiltration?
Without O2, nitrite/nitrate imbalance promotes pest bacteria not biofilter
Fish and bacteria need oxygen to partake in nitrification
Without O2, the 1st stage of nitrification won't occur, the 2nd stage will
O2 is requirement for 1st stage of nitrification involving nitrosomonas
60
How is Ozone removed from RAS? (recirculating aquaculture system)
By reacing the ozone with another chemical to remove it from the water
By destroying it, can be done by exposure to the atmosphere
Through vigorous filtration
61
What other methods are there of fish aging?
Counting the number f scales present on a fish
Fish otoliths (bony fish ear bon, in 3 pairs), easier to read then scales
Observing the colour of the scales, the darker the older
New method based on DNA methylation avoid killing fish
62
Live feed such as rotifers & artemia are not fed to any larvae before transitioning/weaning to pelleted diets
False
True
63
Pseudobranch is single hemibranch, rudamentary 1st gill arch, responsible for sense, osmoregulation & retinal blood
False
True
64
What are the Objectives of Aquaculture?
To generate a large amount of faeces for crop fertilisation and income
Human food, ornamental fish, consumption of excess feed resources
Improve fish no.'s, food, ornamental fish, recreation, recycle biotic waste
Grow non-edible plants of decorative purposes, create advanced fish species
65
What is true for Osmoregulation in FW teleost fish?
Gills appear smaller to prevent loss of NaCl by decreased surface area
Gill epithelium contains pores to allow for uptake of NaCl
Hyperosmotic, gain H20 & lose NaCl accross gill epithelium
Excrete a lot of dilute urine & active uptake NaCl accross gill epithelium
66
What does the inner ear participate in?
Communicating to the brain the position of the body
Static and dynamic equilibrium = labyrinth
Hearing sournds through vibrations in the water
67
Activated carbon filters: chemical filters reomve organic & inorganic materials dissolved in water, absorbing pollutants
True
False
68
What are the main species farmed?
Crustaceans, seaweed, Tuna
Finfish, oysters, seaweed
Finfish, molluscs, algae, crustaceans
Tuna, salmon, oysters
69
What is a hemibranch in the gill?
Is directly connected to the gill opening
protected by bony operculum
2 of which are contained in each holobranch
1 additional "pseudobranch", function gas exchange
70
Identify the correct statement(s) with regards to respiration methods...
Finfish are constantly moving to ensure water movement through gills
RAM ventilation: tuna, sharks swim continuously to move water over gills
The opercular pump is used by tuna in times of distress
Buccal-opercular pump: responsible for continuous water flow
71
What are the main types of aquaculture?
Ornamental, food products
Sea cages, wild-caught, farmed
By-catch, usable catch, target catch
Extensive, Semi-intensive, Intensive
72
What is the main role of the kidney?
Collecting ductc pass urins to 2 ureters (merge to form bladder)
Cranial seciotn (head kidney or pronephros) produces blood cells
Has 2 blood supplies (arterial & caudal portal system)
Primary excretion organ
73
What are the advantages of feeding pellets to aquaculture?
Ease of use reduces labour costs
Heat treated (no disease/parasites)
Formulation can be tailored for diet
It's always available
74
Describe the structure of the inner ear.
It contains 2 canals and 3 main sacs
Upper part 3 semi-circle canals, lower part 2 main sacs
Contain otoliths that grow with the fish, use to age fish
75
Select the correct statement(s) for the image below...
Ctenoid: toothed outer edge, fish with spiny fin rays
Cycloid: smooth outer edge, fish with soft fin rays
Leptoid scales on higher order bony fish, add concentric rings as they grow
There are 2 varieties of Leptoid scales
76
Intensive aquaculture is...
Where fish are intensively bred to produce high numbers of offspring
Where all nutrition is provided by feeds and/or fertiliser
When a larger number of fish are sold at smaller sizes, produce more income
77
Ranching is taking wild-caught fish and fattening for harvest. Re-stocking sports fish or for conservation.
False
True
78
Fish meal is palatable, digestible, AA levels suitable for fish. However is non-sustainable
False
True
79
What is Aquaculture?
Farming crops in waterlogged farrows
The industry of wild-caught seafood
The rearing of aquatic animals or cultivation of aquatic plants for food
80
In North America fish are aged by counting to number of annuli/rings on scales via non-lethal collection.
False
True
81
A protgynous fish is a sequential hermaphrodite (born with male and female parts) that changes sex from male to female.
True
False
82
Degassing is the first step of nitrification that lowers pH and diffuses CO2 from the water into the atmosphere.
True
False
83
What is the order of blood flow in the fish heart?
sinus venous -> atrium -> ventircle -> bulbous arteriosis
atrium -> bulbous arteriosis -> sinus venous -> ventricle
bulbous arteriosis -> sinus venous -> atrium -> ventricle
ventricle -> atrium -> sinus venous -> bulbous arteriosis
84
Which statement is correct about this fish body shape?
Fusiform: rotational symmetry, fast-swimming over short spands, e.g. salmon
Fastifirm: shape of tuna and some other finfish
Fusiformis: bilateral symmetry, weak cephalisation, fast-swimming in open
Fusiform: bilateral symmetry, strong cephalisation, fast-swimming in open
85
What information relates to this image?
Is completely automatic with no intervention required
Sand filter: water is pushed through teh sand and solids are trapped
Bead filter: water flows trough beads, solids trapped.
With trapped solids water flow slows, stop flow & backflush clean manually
86
New tank syndrome: the tank's alkalinity is exhausted; there's no buffering capacity so pH fluctuates stressing the fish
True
False
87
Fish need highly saturated fatty acids for growth and reproduction. The best lipid source if marine/aquatic.
True
False
88
An Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system is...
Where aquatic plants are grown alongside aquatic animals to aerate water
Multiple organisms utilising waste from other trophic levels
Where lower order consumers are bred to feed higher order consumers
89
The filiform body shape slitters through the water like a snake e.g. pipefish
True
False
90
What is true for heavy metals?
More toxic in low pH
Excess of particular ion/mineral may endanger fish health
Deficiencies in particular ion/mineral may cause illness/disease in fish
More toxic in high pH
91
In fish counter curretn respiration...
The water beside the blood always has more oxygen in it
Water must move continuously over gills; achieved by opercula pump
Blood flow in lamellae capillaries moves in the opposite direction to water
92
What is the Pyloric Caecae function?
Diffusion of nitrogenous waste from the body into the digestive tract
Absorption of nutrients from food
blind-ended finger-like projections increase surface area
Excretion of enzymes, fatty acid breakdown, help with osmoregulation
93
What aspects of the Digestive tract are circled?
Teeth, moving tongue, salivary glands
Teeth (grow on bones of palate), immobile tongue, no salivary glands
No salivary glands, active tongue, teeth
No teeth, immobile tongue, Salivary glands
94
What is correct regarding Bivalves and Univalves?
Bivalve: 2 shells (mollusc). Univalve: 1 shell (sea urchin, crab)
Bivalve: 3 shells. Univalve: 1 shell (crab)
Bivalve: 2 shells (oyster, mussel). Univalve: 1 shell abalone, snail, conch
95
What option(s) ocrrectly identifies and explains the process in the image?
Trickle filter: at highest point in system, elevate wet media into the air
Is a submerged form of biofiltration
Biofilter where bacteria is exposed to O2 and the ammonia (food) rich water
Promotes diffusion of O2 from the air into the water
96
What is true for a suspended biofilter?
Removes organic and nitrogenous waste before it breaks down
Promotes diffusion of O2 from the air
Removes solids down to 50 microns
Removes suspended solids from the system water flow
97
What is Biofiltration?
Bacteria breaks ammonia into nitrate, removed by water replacement & plants
Where organic waste is consumed by organisms to cleanse the water
98
What is semi-intensive aquaculture?
Fish are grown to half-size then sold
Fish are tended to at a lower level then intensive aquaculture
Food from the environment is supplemented with fertiliser and/or food
99
What is water buffering capacity?
Capacity to resist acidic changes, defined by carbonate alkalinity
Capacity to cause acidic changes, defined by carbonate alkalinity
To cause wild swings in pH
To avoid wild swings in pH
100
What is the purpose of using Ozone in tanks?
Breakdown of pathogens and disinfection of the water
Oxidises non-biodegradable dissolved organic compounds, reduces off-flavour
Removal of fine & colloidal solids and nitrite
Removal of inorganic materials dissolved in tank water
