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Dynamic Crust 1 Test Flashcards | StudBud
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Dynamic Crust 1 Test
Dynamic Crust 1 Test
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Earth's interior, Continental Drift & Wegener, Tectonic Plates
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Answers
1
What is the motion of the convection currents in the mantle beneath the Atlantic Ocean mainly making?
Deeper ocean basin
Shallower ocean basin
Narrower ocean basin
Wider ocean basin
2
What do coral fossils in Alaska suggest?
Alaska once had a tropical marine environment.
Alaska's cold climate fossilized the coral.
Ocean currents carried the coral to Alaska
Coral usually develops in cold climates.
3
Which mantle hot spot is located closest to a mid-ocean ridge?
Canary Islands
Hawaii
Tasman
Easter Island
4
Which group arranges the zones of Earth's interior in order of increasing average density?
Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
Outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
5
What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers?
A decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth
The gravitational pull on materials of varying densities
Collisions with meteors and comets
Variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth's tilt
6
Which surface feature was produced by crustal movements at a transform plate boundary?
San Andreas Fault
East African Rift
Aleutian Trench
Tasman Hot Spot
7
What type of rock material is most of the oceanic crust composed of?
Granite
Basalt
Limestone
Sandstone
8
What is the temperature of the asthenosphere where melting first occurs?
4200°C
1300°C
100°C
5000°C
9
What are the inferred temperature and pressure of Earth's interior at a depth of 3,000 kilometers?
1000°C and 0.5 million atmospheres
5000°C and 3.0 million atmospheres
1000°C and 1.0 million atmospheres
5000°C and 1.5 million atmospheres
10
Which two features are commonly found at divergent plate boundaries?
Ocean trenches and subduction zones
Hot spots and island arcs
Mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys
Wide valleys and deltas
11
Where is the pressure most likely to be 2.5 million atmospheres?
Inner core
Outer core
Asthenosphere
Stiffer mantle
12
Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary?
Outer core and stiffer mantle
Crust and rigid mantle
Stiffer mantle and asthenosphere
Rigid mantle and plastic mantle
13
Hot springs on the ocean floor near mid-ocean ridges provide evidence that:
Climate change has melted huge glaciers
Meteor craters are found beneath the oceans
Marine fossils have been uplifted to high elevations
Convection currents exist in the asthenosphere
14
Convergent plates:
slide past one another
push together
create ocean trenches
pull apart
15
What does the occurrence of high-heat floors at the ridge center provide evidence of?
Existence of ancestral mountains
Destruction of oceanic crust
Destruction of continental crust
Existence of rising mantle convection currents
16
A divergent plate boundary creates
A Trench
a Mid-Ocean ridge
Mountains
17
Which element is most abundant by mass in the Earth's crust?
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Iron
Silicon
18
The formation of the Canary Islands was primarily caused by their location near a:
Divergent boundary
Transform fault
Subduction zone
Mantle hot spot
19
Which of the following is located at a converging plate boundary?
Southwest Indian Ridge
Sandwich Plate
Marianas Trench
Iceland Hotspot
20
Where is oceanic crust sliding beneath the Aleutian Islands forming the Aleutian Trench?
Convergent boundary: Pacific Plate and North American Plate
Convergent boundary: Pacific Plate and Juan de Fuca Plate
Divergent boundary: Pacific Plate and Juan de Fuca Plate
Divergent boundary: Pacific Plate and North American Plate
21
At which location is the temperature of the ocean floor bedrock most likely the hottest?
A
B
C
D
22
Movement of crustal plates is most likely caused by:
Shifting of Earth's magnetic poles
Convection currents in Earth's mantle
Erosion of the Earth's crust
Revolution of the Earth
23
Where is crustal formation causing the widening of an ocean most likely occurring?
Indian-Australian Plate and Antarctic Plate
African Plate and Eurasian Plate
Pacific Plate and Philippine Plate
South American Plate and North American Plate
24
As depth within the Earth's interior increases, what happens?
Density, temperature, and pressure decrease
Density decreases, but temperature and pressure increase
Density and temperature decrease, but pressure increases
Density, temperature, and pressure increase
25
What does similar rock formations on different continents suggest?
Continents have always been in place
Continents were once connected.
Formations created by same volcano
Formations transported by currents
26
What happens at a divergent tectonic plate boundary?
Plates pull away forming a rift or ridge
Plates pull apart decreasing rock formation
Plates move horizontal past one another
Plates collide with one another, causing mountains
27
What drives tectonic plate movement?
Earth's rotation
Heat from Earth's core
Ocean currents
Moon's gravitational pull.
28
What does the theory of continental drift suggest?
South America and Africa are moving together.
South America and Africa once fit together.
Continents moved due to the Coriolis effect.
Continents moved due to Earth's orbital changes.
29
At divergent plate boundaries, rock rises from the mantle and hardens, adding new solid rock, this is called
an earthquake
seafloor spreading
a volcano
subduction zone
30
At convergent plate boundaries...
Plates move apart, and mid-ocean ridges form
Plates move towards each other, and mid-ocean ridges form
Plates move towards each other, and trenches form
Plates slide along each other, and mountains form
31
Where is the pressure inferred to be 1.0 million atmospheres?
Outer core
Inner core
Stiffer mantle
Rigid mantle
32
What causes the deep trench along the west coast of South America?
Oceanic crust colliding with the Atlantic oceanic crust
Oceanic crust uplifting over the continental crust
Oceanic crust sinking beneath the continental crust
Oceanic crust sinking at the Mid-Atlantic ridge
33
Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is:
More dense
Thicker
More granitic
More felsic
34
Earth's outer core is best inferred to be:
Solid, with an average density of approximately 11 g/cm³
Solid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm³
Liquid, with an average density of approximately 11 g/cm³
Liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm³
35
Where is the thinnest section of Earth's crust found?
Oceans
Desert regions
Mountains
Coastal regions
36
What inference can be made from the diagram showing magnetic orientation of igneous rock on the seafloor?
Elevation of sea level has changed with time.
Size of the continents has changed with time.
Earth's magnetic field has reversed with time.
Amount of fossil material in igneous rock has changed with time.
37
As distance from the center of the ridge increases, the age of the rocks:
Decreases
Remains the same
Increases
38
At which location is the age of the ocean floor bedrock most likely the youngest?
A
B
D
C
39
What is a Transform Boundary?
during a volcano
when two plates move away from each other
When two plates go come together
when two plates slide past each other
40
What does the fact that igneous material along a mid-ocean ridge is younger than material farther from the ridge support
Dynamic equilibrium
Superposition
Crustal subsidence
Seafloor spreading
41
What is the crust at the mid-ocean ridges composed mainly of?
Basalt
Granite
Shale
Limestone
42
What is the inferred temperature at the boundary between Earth’s stiffer mantle and outer core?
4500ºC
2500ºC
5000ºC
6200ºC
43
The observed difference in density between continental and oceanic crust is most likely due to differences in their
Rate of cooling
Composition
Thickness
Porosity
44
What does a study of the East Pacific rise indicate about the age of the basaltic bedrock?
Bedrock is youngest at the ridge.
Bedrock at the ridge is the same age as bedrock at the San Andreas fault.
Bedrock at the ridge is the same age as bedrock next to the continent.
Bedrock is oldest at the ridge.
45
Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is usually
Thinner, with a less dense granitic composition
Thinner, with a more dense basaltic composition
Thicker, with a more dense basaltic composition
Thicker, with a less dense granitic composition
46
Which zone of the Earth's interior has a density of 10.0 grams per cubic centimeter?
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
Mantle
47
Convergent plate boundaries...
Move apart and form mid-ocean ridges
Move together and form fault zones
Move apart form various mountain types
Move together and form various mountain types
48
Where are most divergent boundaries found?
within mountain ranges
continental margins
mid-ocean ridges
at subduction zones
49
What temperature is inferred to exist in Earth’s plastic mantle?
2000°C
6000°C
3000°C
5000°C
50
What would a geologist likely find in rock samples from location A near a continent's edge?
More fossils
More basalt
More granite
The same minerals and fossils
51
Which statement supports the theory of continental drift?
Basaltic rock is younger at mid-ocean ridges.
Marine fossils are found in deep-well cores.
Continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
Shallow seas accumulate sinking sediment
52
Where do mid-ocean ridges normally form?
Sliding past each other
Converging tectonic plates
Stationary tectonic plates
Diverging tectonic plates
53
What does the evidence of
Mesosaurus
fossils in South America and Africa suggest?
South America and Africa were joined.
Mesosaurus existed on separate continents.
Present climates at X and Y are similar
Mesosaurus migrated across the ocean.
54
True or False: New Oceanic Crust is made at Divergent Plate Boundaries
True
False
55
Which zone in Earth's interior has a temperature higher than its melting point?
Inner core
Crust
Stiffer mantle
Outer core
56
What is the primary geologic process occurring along the San Andreas Fault?
Transform movement
Subduction
Convergence
Spreading movement
57
What is the range of pressure in Earth's interior where rock with a density range of 9.9 to 12.2 g/cm³ is found?
0.2 to 1.4 million atmospheres
0.8 to 2.3 million atmospheres
2.3 to 3.5 million atmospheres
1.4 to 3.1 million atmospheres
58
Mid-ocean ridges are best described as:
Sections of the ocean floor with the youngest oceanic crust
Sections of the ocean floor that are remains of a submerged continent
Mountains with folded sedimentary rocks
Mountains with fossils of present-day marine life
59
The Indian-Australian tectonic plate is moving:
Toward the Pacific Plate
Toward the Antarctic Plate
Away from the Fiji Plate
Away from the Philippine Plate
