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IB Psychology Fall Final 2017 Flashcards | StudBud
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IB Psychology Fall Final 2017
IB Psychology Fall Final 2017
90 terms
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Reviews Intro to Psych, Research Methods, BLOA, CLOA, and SCLOA.
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is a key difference between the MRI and fMRI?
MRIs show colored images of brain; fMRI is green/black
MRIs are more claustrophobic than fMRI's
MRI's show the structure; fMRIs show function of brain
MRIs are invasive; fMRI's are not
2
Which of the following is true about the use of brain imaging tech in the study of the brain?
colors help researchers to understand what's happening
scanner is a natural environment
cannot be replicated so they're not reliable.
emotions can interfere with brain scans
3
According to some theorists, students who have a fixed mindset...
listen to feedback with the goal of improvement
are of limited intelligence
complete their cognitive development by 12
are less likely to take risks because they fear failure
4
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Social Identity Theory?
it has few applications in the real world
difficult to predict how it'll influence the individual
case studies cannot be replicated; low reliability
it's not falsifiable
5
When you cannot adopt the behavior of a new culture due to discrimination by other is called
Integration
Assimilation
Marginalization
Separation
6
Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?
Trust
Perception
Attention
Memory
7
When are we more likely to use System 1 thinking?
when we need to transfer info from one situation to another
when we have too much information to process
when we have practiced something a lot
when the problem is highly abstract
8
Which of the following would most likely be an emic study of behavior?
conformity study in Saudi Arabia, compare results to US
using MRI scans to look at the size of the hippocampus
survey to study level of xenophobia in certain countries
interviews to study how Koreans cope with bullying
9
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the MSM?
It does not explain the role of emotion on memory
It is not support by biological evidence
It does not explain how memory can be distorted
It is an overly simplistic explanation of memory
10
Which of the following is NOT a factor in social cognitive learning theory?
model must be a member of learner's in-group
having a motivation to replicate the behavior
being able to remember the actions of the model
paying attention to a model
11
What is the key difference between MSM and the Working Memory Model?
WMM argues there's more than one LTM store
WMM argues that STM is of unlimited capacity
WMM argues that rehearsal does not move info STM to LTM
WMM argues that there is more than one STM store
12
What is the key difference between enculturation and acculturation?
Enculturation is a process that finishes as a teenager
Encultuation happens through direction instruction
The culture that is enculturated never changes
Enculturation takes place in the culture you grow up in
13
Which of the following is NOT an assumption made by social psychologists?
Animals are studied to understand human behavior
Culture affects our behavior
We have a personal self and several social selves
Behavior is influenced by others, even when we think not
14
Which of the following statements is true about human pheromones?
humans have both primer/signaling pheromones
humans have signaling but not primer pheromones
humans have primer but not signaling pheromones
there are no known human pheromones
15
Research by Martinez & Kesner supported the theory that acetylcholine plays a role in
transfer of memory from STM to LTM
ability to solve a puzzle or maze
onset of Alzheimer's disease.
the aging process of rats
16
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, the the first step in placing info into memory storage is
Reconstruction
Rehearsal
STM
Sensory Memory
17
Regarding Martino, which part of the brain plays a role in making a decision resulting in loss?
The amygdala
The vmPFC
The hypothalamus
The parietal lobe
18
which perspective would most likely explain anger as "an outlet for unconscious hostility?"
behavioral
biological
psychodynamic
sociocultural
19
Which of the following demonstrates the need for psychological science?
Psych's methods are unlike those of any other science
Intuition and common sense are not always right
Intuition can never be right unless applied scientifically
Psych experiments are less valuable without psych science
20
The debate on the contributions of biology and experiences to human development is called
nature-nurture issue
behaviorism
evolutionary analysis
cognitive revolution
21
Biologists argue that when genes interact with the environment, they are turned on/off.
Gene expression
Gene mutation
reductionism
Interactionist approach
22
Which theory of memory could be used to explain peak-end rule?
false memory syndrome
recency effect
flashbulb memory theory
schema theory
23
What describes what might happen when you're told you have the depression gene and feel it
medical student syndrome
placebo effect
reactivity
Self-fulfilling prophecy
24
Which of the following is NOT an ethical concern in genetic research?
All of these are ethical considerations
Potential stress or harm
ability to give informed consent
The need to keep the data anonymous
25
Which of the following is an example of stigmatization?
When you withdraw from a study bc you're worried of results
When you find out from a test you're not biological related
When you develop a disorder bc you know you have the gene
When you are not given a job due to genetic code
26
Which of the following statements is NOT an assumption held by evolutionary psychologists?
Behavior has its roots in biological processes.
Genes that are adaptive are passed down to offspring
Animals can be used to study behavior
All behavior is the result of natural selection
27
According to genetic research, the gene for which hormone is linked to depression?
Serotonin
Neuropeptide Y
Oxytocin
Cortisol
28
Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?
Japanese men are workaholics
The Czech Republic drinks a lot of beer
There's a low crime rate in Denmark
Americans tend to value freedom over independence
29
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physiological factor?
brain damage
hormones
genetic inheritance
stress in the workplace
30
Which brain imaging technique could be considered invasive?
PET scan
fMRI scan
CT scan
MRI scan
31
In the Breakfast Club, John Bender was stereotyped as what?
Athlete
Brain
Basketcase
Criminal
32
Why could we consider Cole & Scribner's study an emic approach?
generalized their findings to all African kids
Adapted the list of words to reflect the culture of ppl
they compared two very different cultures
They assume that memory strategies are universal
33
The science of behavior and mental processes best defines
applied research
Philosophy
psychology
Cognitive neuroscience
34
Belief that the individual is affected by the group and the group is affected by the indivdual
Social Identity Theory
Reciprocal determinism
Bidirectional ambiguity
Social determinism
35
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of carrying out a naturalistic observation?
it's difficult to replicate and establish reliability
participants may leave the study
the participants are being deceived
it's not possible to control for confounding variables.
36
You have seen how to use a new phone, you add it to your phone schema. What's this process?
Accommodation
Confabulation
Assimilation
Reconstructive Memory
37
Prejudice is an example of a(n)
attitude
Behavior
Physiological process
emotion
38
The theory that those who adapt best to the environment will have greater chance of survival
diathesis stress model
natural selection
out-group homogeneity theory
sexual selection
39
Which of the following in an example of localization of function?
Hippocampus transfers info from STM to LTM
rt side of the brain controls lf side of body.
The brain changes as a result of interacting with the env
Two part of the brain work together to solve a problem
40
A simple "rule of thumb" or mental short-cut is called a
stereotype
heuristic
matching bias
participant bias
41
Remembering the first and last items of a list better than the items int he middle of a list
limit of only 7 or minus items in STEM
Brain damage
rehearsal of the early words, last words are in STM
displacement of info from STM store
42
The process by which someone comes into contact with another culture and begins to adopt norms
enculturation
globalization
ethnocentrism
acculturation
43
Which of the following is NOT a key difference between neurotransmitters and hormones?
hormones take longer to produce a behavioral response
hormones are produced and released in the brain
hormones are released directly into the bloodstream
Hormones take longer to be broken down
44
Which of the following makes the existence of human pheromones less likely?
one's sense of smell is highly influenced by culture
many body odors are the result of bacteria
the human sense of smell is very complex
all of the above
45
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding genetic inheritance?
Stress reduction could play a key role in avoiding gene ex
Genetics is destiny
Behavior is often the result of genetic interaction
Changes to diet and exercise can potentially avoid gene ex
46
In the Breakfast Club, Brian Johnson was stereotyped as what?
Athlete
Brain
Criminal
Basketcase
47
For behaviorists, psychological science is rooted in
growth potential
cultural influences
observation
introspection
48
The Stanford Prison Experiment took place in the summer of which year?
1971
1981
2001
1961
49
How does Hofstede's theory of individualistic vs collectivistic cultures explains FBM theory?
Collectivistic cultures are more modest
Individualistic culture's tend to focus on role in events
Collectivistic cultures look more to the future than past
Individualist cultures feel guilt that activates amygdala
50
the study of mental activity linked with brain activity best describes
humanistic psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Evolutionary Perspective
Cognitive Neuorscience
51
Which of the following would most likely explore how we view and affect each other?
cognitive
developmental
biolgical
social
52
Which part of the neuron is most affected by learning?
the nucleus
the neurotransmitters
the dendrite
neurons are not affected by learning
53
What does it mean when we say that a theory is robust?
it can be applied in a number of situations
it only applies to human behavior-not to animals
the variables are clearly defined and can be replicated
that is can be tested under lab conditions
54
Which of the following statements is true regarding framing effect?
we prefer more certain outcomes to less certain outcomes
we prefer less certain outcomes when framed positively
we prefer less certain outcomes when framed negatively
we prefer more certain outcomes when framed negatively
55
What were Cole & Scribner's findings regarding cognition?
Rural Liberian kids aren't as smart due to malnutrition
Schooling affects the ways that we remember information
Children with poor memory skills improve going to school
Culture plays no role in how we learn
56
Seeing one type of person act rudely, and then believing that ALL of them are rude is called..
Informational social influence
Grain of truth hypothesis
Illusory correlation
Confirmation bias
57
Those who study the role of genetics in human behavior makes the assumption that
environmental factors play no role in human behavior
behavior is learned
all behaviors are the result of a single gene
behavior has a biological origin
58
due to last for two weeks, when was the Stanford prison experiment halted?
After 6 days
After 9 days
After 2 days
After 1 day
59
Which of the following is a function of adrenaline?
regulating the body's circadian rhythm and sleep patterns
the creation of emotional memories
the bonding between a mother and child
violence and extreme aggressive behavior
60
What methods were used at the beginning of the Stanford experiment to disorient the subjects?
Those arrested were blindfolded
The guards wore sunglasses
All of the above
Those arrested were fingerprinted
61
Looking at the list of neurontransmitters, which ones are involved in falling in love?
serotonin
noradrenaline
all of the above
dopamine
62
What were the findings of Tajfel & Turner's "Kandinsky vs Klee" study?
categorizing oneself into a group led to favoritism
Boys disliked members of the out-group
boys showed competition when against out-group than in-group
boys' level of self-esteem increased while in their in-group
63
Which of the following is NOT a reason for carrying out research on animals?
many animals have similar genetic makeup to humans
research on animals can be unethical for humans
animals and humans have similar physiology
researchers are not bound to ethical considerations
64
Which of the following is NOT true about schema?
Schema plays a role in what we remember and fail to remember
We continue to create new schema throughout our lives
There's biological support for schema theory
Schema are observable by using modern brain scanning tech
65
A researcher is testing what parent technique would lead children to be happier. What method?
case study
experiment
survey
naturalistic observation
66
In the Breakfast Club, Andrew Clark was stereotyped as what?
Brain
Athlete
Criminal
Basketcase
67
Which of the following is NOT a component of social identity theory?
Social comparison
In-group bias
Social categorization into in-groups/out-groups
Social Cognitive Learning Theory
68
What of the following is an example of surface culture?
beliefs about premarital sexual behaviors
believing that time is not so important
traditional music that is used at initiation ceremonies
attitudes toward the elderly in the community
69
Kids in Bandura's study acted aggressively because they thought the researcher wanted them to
Researcher bias
Expectancy effect
Optimism bias
Screw you effect
70
Which of the following is an example of how culture is dynamic?
Hair styles and fashion change as a result of seeing movies
the EU requires a smoking ban in restaurants
the tradition of knowing one's family tree
attitudes toward the role of women in the home has changed
71
What was the independent variable in Asch's 1956 study?
the length of lines
the unanimity of the response
the confederates' answer to the question
the rate of conformity
72
How many male college students participated in the Stanford Prison Experiment?
12
20
24
30
73
What is the function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or vmPFC?
decision making
processing risk and fear responses
plays a role in self control
all of the above
74
"Monday morning quarterbacks" are examples of what cognitive phenomenon?
Overconfidence
Hindsight Bias
Intuition
Illusory Correlation
75
According to Asch, why did the participants conform?
Informational social influence
both informational and normative social influence
Normative social influence
Referential social influence
76
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion that we can draw from the HM study?
Memory is stored in the hippocampus
The hippocampus plays a role in transferring info from ST-LT
The hippocampus plays a role in retrieving info from LTM
Memory may be transferred to LTM differently
77
What assumption does Caspi et al make about the origin of depression?
Depression is inherited
Stress causes depression
That it is caused by a lower rate of serotonin
That stress is environmental
78
In the Breakfast Club, Allison Reynolds was stereotyped as what?
Basketcase
Criminal
Brain
Princess
79
In the Breakfast Club, Claire Standish was stereotyped as what?
Athlete
Basketcase
Princess
Brain
80
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good theory?
It can be empirically tested
its concepts can be measured
it predicts behavior
it is reductionist--that is, focused on a single approach
81
When does school resume the Spring Semester 2018?
1/10/18
Never
1/16/18
1/1/18
82
What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?
someone else gets positive feedback , we imitate behavior
negative feedback equals stopped behavior
positive feedback equals continued behavior
exposed to something over time and learn via repetition
83
Which of the following statements is true about thinking, decision making and problem solving?
Decision making is an aspect of thinking-but not part of PS
Thinking, decision making and problem solving are 3 proceses
Decision making is part of problem solving
Problem solving is a part of decision making
84
Which of the following is the best example of applied research?
Investigating basic human traits
Using psychological concepts to boost morale
studying the changing abilities of a child from age 2-5.
experimenting with how we perceive stimuli
85
What did Festinger conclude from his study of the Doomsday cult?
People are willing to forgive their leaders
People who are more religious are likely to join cults
Cultists rationalized their failure to protect selves
The cultists didn't know why they were in a cult
86
According to Bandura, which is NOT true about Social Cognitive Learning?
imitate a model if we like him
imitate a model if he's in our in-group
imitate a model if we believe in our ability to succeed
imitate a model if he does what leads to a lucky outcome
87
Which is true about Short Term Memory?
limitless in both capacity and duration
limited in both capacity and duration
limitless in capacity, but limited in duration
Limited in capacity, limitless in duration
88
What grade do you think you DESERVE to earn for the Fall 2017 semester?
B
C
D or F
A
89
If only psych students volunteer for a study at school, what's the problem?
sample is too small
sampling bias
ethnocentrism
it cannot be replicated
90
a scientist's willingness to admit that she is wrong is an example of
intelligence
curiosity
skepticism
humility
