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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021 Flashcards | StudBud
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Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021
Psych 202 Final Exam ALL Quizs Spring 2021
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1
Which is a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
A variable amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement after a variable number of correct responses
2
A: Patterns of thought and behavior that make a person react in relatively consistent ways. Q: What is ___?
unconscious
personality
traits
defense mechanisms
3
What are teratogens?
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
4
All of the following are assumptions of rational emotive behavioral therapy about irrational beliefs EXCEPT?
attitudes
beliefs
consequences
activating events
5
What is an example of flashbulb memory?
Remembering that Sean is the most likeable harrison
Remembering a flashbulb
Remembering where you were when 9 11 happened
Remembering something suddenly
6
What is the tip of tongue phenomenon?
failing to retrieve a word from memory
losing access to all past memory
having more than 1 answer at a time
inability to form new memories
7
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Myelin sheathing
Dendrite
Cell body
axon
8
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Insight
Algorithm
Restructuring
Heuristic
9
If 2 variables are correlated, what is the third variable problem?
a way to establish causation or causal relationships
correlating 3 variables instead of 2
another variable can explain the relationship
the manipulation (IV) comes after the outcome (DV)
10
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What is the hippocampus associated with?
consolidation, episodic, declarative
fear and fear memories
remembering semantic tasks
procedural memories
11
A: Our general attitude toward ourselves, and we are motivated to view ourselves positively. Q: What is __ ?
self-concept
self-esteem
self-efficacy
self-serving bias
12
Threshold is ____
Neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres
The level of stimulation needed to trigger a neural impulse
Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps between neurons
Base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing rate
13
What is self-compassion?
Our global evaluation of our self-worth
Potential problems with low self-esteem
Treating ourselves with forgiveness, concern, and acceptance
Focusing on the present to be happy
14
T or F: A polarized neuron is at rest.
True
False
15
What is an algorithm?
A problem solving formula that provides step by step instructions
A rule of thumb or mental shortcut
The number of pixels in an inch
A way to solve a problem where you guess and if wrong, keep guessing
16
Which value indicates the strongest correlation?
.43
-.25
.88
-.97
17
What does the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders help with?
Helps identify the cause of the disorders
Explaining potential cures and symptoms of disorders
Identifying disorders and symptoms associated with them
Identifying cures for psychological disorders
18
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
Someone's opinion
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
19
Sympathetic activity includes
bronchial constriction
pupil dilation
decreased heart rate
slowed breathing
20
You helped your friend move last weekend because he help you fix your car a couple of weeks ago. This is known as _ .
norm of reciprocity
diffusion of responsibility
bystander effect
social loafing
21
A: A condition (group) where patients receive delayed treatment rather than no treatment.
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is an experimental condition?
22
Which of the following is NOT an executive function?
Ability to hold info actively in mind while performing tasks
Buttoning a coat
Inhibit distracting thoughts
Organizing new information in your mind
23
What is a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?
Reinforcing an action after it has been done certain times
Reinforcing an action after a certain amount of time
The ability to see a new use for things
The inability to see a new use for things
24
How do neurotransmitters move from neuron to neuron?
the axon and dendrite are touching so they pass the electrical current
move across terminal branches
cross the synaptic cleft
attach to mitochondria and flow out of cell
25
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
focusing on how we change the problem
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
evaluate our coping options and resources
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
26
Gabe studied for Exam 3 and believes that he can take Exam 3 and get a score of 80% or higher. Gabe ___ .
is high in depressive realism
has an external locus of control
is high in self-efficacy
has a high behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
27
A: The percentage of people in a population who will have a given psychological disorder at any point in their lives.
Q: What is comorbidity rate?
Q: What is Concordance rate?
Q: What is Lifetime Prevalence?
Q: What is Point Prevalence?
28
Which of the following statements describes someone with Type B personality.
"I need to know what time it is and check my schedule."
"I am going to be number 1 no matter what it takes."
"I like to think about my past experiences to grow."
"I anger easily so do not mess with me, buddy."
29
What is a zygote?
Diploid cell formed after fertilization
Ovum
A baby
Semen
30
What is the just noticeable difference?
The only thing that is detected as change
A fair change that is noticeable when not paying attention.
The smallest amount of stimulus we can detect.
Smallest amount of change needed before we detect a change.
31
What best describes the sociometer theory?
How emotionally intelligent we are in comparison to others
How much fun we are when we got to a party with friends
Feelings related to our family and how we connect to others
Feelings of self-esteem evolved to monitor the degree that we are accepted
32
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
33
What is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the links among behavior, cognition, and physical wellness?
Humanistic Psychology
Health psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Biopsychosocial Psychology
34
People with a narcissistic personality disorder are likely to be preoccupied with:
physical symptoms of distress
their own self-importance
delusions of persecution
sexual fantasies
35
Sigmund Freud was responsible for
Revolutionizing psychology with his psychoanalytic theory
Experimenting with introspection
Establishing behaviorism
Being a gestalt psychologist
36
Antagonist means:
a drug that causes euphoria and pleasant sensations
a measure of the extent of drug absorption
a drug that increases the activity of receptors
a drug that inhibits the activity of receptors
37
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
certain brain regions process specific information
the person is delusional
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person has cancer
38
Maria cried for 2 days because failed an exam. Maria is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
neuroticism
conscientiousness
agreeableness
extroversion
39
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
You cannot find your keys
40
Which of the following is true about Electroconvulsive Therapy?
There is no risk to the patient.
There are no negative side effects.
It is only used in very extreme cases of depression.
It is often the first form of treatment utilized.
41
How does perceived control over a stressful event influence the effects of stress on a person?
A lack of control increases harmful effects of stress.
A lack of control decreases harmful effects of stress
Control over events increases harmful effects of stress
Perceived control does not affect how we feel about stress
42
What is is called when you credit your success to dispositional factors and failures to situational factors?
Asch paradigm
self-serving attribution
fundamental attribution error
conformity
43
Gustation is the sense of:
Smell
Balance
Taste
Hearing
44
What is interposition?
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects are less clear/hazy
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
distant objects have smoother texture
45
Developmental psychology is the study of:
the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential
language,personality,& emotions of children and adolescents.
changes in behavior & abilities from conception to death.
the stages of life and the important tasks of each.
46
Which of the following is NOT part of good sleep hygiene?
Waking up at the same time each morning
Engage in tasks that involve a lot of mental effort before bed
Using your bed only for sleep or sex
Going to bed at the same time each night
47
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
A label you give yourself based on past experience
48
what does the parietal lobe do?
it controls vision
it controls hearing
it controls touch
it controls movement
49
Delusion or halluciation?
Believing someone is watching you
hallucination
delusion
50
What is Amplitude?
The maximum extent of a wave
The height of the crests of a wave
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The distance between any two consecutive crests
51
Discrimination is an attitude while prejudice is an action.
True
False
52
What is fluid intelligence?
Your use of accumulated knowledge
Knowledge of fluid objects
Your ever changing knowledge
Your ability to solve abstract problems
53
Sensory adaptation refers to
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
54
What debate examines whether behavior and personality traits are determined by internal or external factors?
Person-Situation
Internal-External
Stage-Continuous
Stability-Change
55
Validity
the soundness of your interpretations and uses of results.
making sense of problems and persevering in solving them.
a clear statement about what students are to learn.
reliability and objectivity
56
What is the study of how the interactions between your genes and the environment regulate gene expression?
Differential sensitivities hypothesis
Diathesis-Stress model
Epigenetics
Gene × environment interactions
57
Fear of Snakes. Therapy? Exposing someone gradually to pictures of snakes, rubber snakes, and eventually live snakes.
What is motivational interviewing?
What is experiential therapy?
What are exposure techniques?
What is a token economy?
58
What does the cornea do?
Protects and covers the front of the eye
Transduces light into neural impulses
Inverts and focuses the light on the retina
Controls the size of the pupil
59
________ are released into the _______ to send a signal from one neuron to another.
dendrites; myelin sheath
messages; axon
neurotransmitters; synapse
synaptic vesicles; terminal button
60
If I claim that all therapies work equally on all disorders, this is called __.
a double blind study
a meta-analysis
the dodo bird verdict
an empirically supported treatment
61
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects the flow of blood
62
Reliability examines how...
consistent the measurements are.
unfair the measurements are.
inconsistent the measurements are.
fair the measurements are.
63
Empiricism is the belief that:
all truth exists in the mind
direct observation is the best source of knowledge
the experience of the mind can only be known by introspection
truth, as such, as such does not exist
64
Which of these is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique?
Asking Richard to do a dance because everyone else did a dance
Asking for a large sum of cash, then ask for a smaller sum
Asking for the week off, then ask for 1 day off
Someone asks for directions & then asks you to go with them
65
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
acquisition
generalization
extinction
discrimination
66
What is basilar membrane?
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
A series of small bones in the middle ear
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
67
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced sensory acuity
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced reaction time
68
The apparent cause and development of some anxiety disorders seems to be
all of these.
biological.
stress.
cognitive.
69
If my parents created an environment that fosters psychology, this interacts with my biology. Example of what?
nurture
phenotypes and genes
nature
nature and nurture interaction
70
The misinformation effect refers to the
the eerie sense that “I've been in this situation before.”
incorporation of misleading information into memory.
tendency to recall experiences that are consistent mood.
disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall.
71
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the food called
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
72
What does the pupil do?
turns light into neural information
nothing it's a hole
focuses the light
covers and protects the eye from the outside world
73
The primacy effect is when an individual
Remembers the items in the middle of the list the most.
Remembers the first and last items in a list the most.
Remembers the first items in a list the most.
Remembers the last items in a list the most.
74
All the following are ethical concerns for the Tuskegee Syphilis Study EXCEPT:
more damage was done than the benefit in knowledge
no informed consent
vaccines were withheld
the national press drew attention to the study
75
What is the belief perseverance?
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
the tendency to be more confident than correct
judging the likelihood of things
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
76
What is the belief perseverance?
judging the likelihood of things
the tendency to be more confident than correct
clinging to the initial conceptions after being discredited
not being able to see a problem from a new perspective
77
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
magnitude; unpleasant
behavior; repeated
behavior; pleasant
magnitude; repeated
78
People who report having a larger and more supportive social network have all of the following EXCEPT
Lower blood pressure
Increased lifespans
Stronger immune systems
More stress hormones
79
What does resilience mean?
Having high levels of stress
Tendency to think positively
Willing to try new things
Tendency to get along with other people
80
Construct validity is important because
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
81
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by
feelings of sadness, emptiness, and anhedonia for at least 2 weeks
continuous,pervasive, and difficult-to-control anxiety
excited and energetic episodes and depressive episodes, with normal periods
a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of mind's normal functions
82
The fovea is made up of__________.
mostly cones with some rods
all rods and no cones
all cones and no rods
mostly rods with some cones
83
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
A failure to hear objects
A failure to perceive objects
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
84
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
Thinking logically about concrete events
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
All the above
Can think about abstract concepts
85
Ricky has a broad mental representation of the person he his such as kind, loving, and a father. This is an example of _
self-concept
self-actualization
self-esteem
self-determination theory
86
In Pavlov's experiment, what is the dog drooling to the bell called
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
87
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
Recalling a car severe accident
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
Remembering a traumatic event
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
88
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
when two events co-occur
with the help of peers and experts
by the things that happen after a behavior
by observing and imitating
89
Excessive time in the resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome can cause...
A rush of adrenaline and the body mobilizes
An over-inflated sense of self-satisfaction
Improved health outcomes in the long term
Stress related diseases like ulcers or heart conditions
90
Leftover neurotransmitters are cleared by all mechanisms EXCEPT
Repolarization
Reuptake
Degradation
Diffusion
91
What would be an example of normative social influence?
Todd let the group answer "A" because they had all agreed.
Maddy asks around to confirm her answer with her friends.
Tina looks around the room to see if others answered like her.
Billy shaves his head to fit the new "going bald" fad.
92
What is the difference between group polarization and groupthink?
group unanimity; group cohesion
group cohesion; enhancing an opinion within a group
enhancing an opinion within a group; group unanimity
group unanimity; enhancing an opinion within a group
93
What is egocentrism?
The inability to perceive others as important
These are all parts of egocetrism
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
The inability to take the perspective of another
94
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
95
The best example of an acute stressor is...
spending 4 years in college
relationship changes like break up or marriage
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
96
Which part of a neuron is damaged in multiple sclerosis?
Cell body
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheathing
97
Opponent process theory _______________
there are three types of cones.
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
cannot explain afterimages.
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
98
What's circled on this neuron?
Cell Body
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Axon
99
Which of the following examples is the BEST example of major depressive disorder?
Jess feels depressed for more than 2 weeks for no reason
Sasha feels sad during winter and happy during summer
KC gets kicked out of a club, so she feels down and dejected
Joe breaks up with his girlfriend, who cries in her room for 1 week
100
What is the sensorimotor stage?
learning through symbols.
stage in which children think logically.
learning through senses and physical actions.
Learning through motor skills.
101
A key finding of Zimbardo's Prison Experiment is that:
Status ca be used to influence someone else's behavior.
Role expectations can lead people 2 behave different from norm
All people behave the way the Zimbardo wanted them to.
Power can be used to influence someone else's behaviour.
102
GABA is associated with what in the brain?
inhibition of neurons
excitation of neurons
reward system
mood regulation
103
One major difference between humanist and behavioral therapy is
Behaviorists focus on childhood
A Humanist therapist uncovers unconscious conflict
A humanist therapist focuses more on empathy
A behavioral therapist offers medicine
104
What is the best example of hindsight bias?
After an accident, Al said, "I knew we were going to get in an accident."
Someone's opinion about the past
After the test,Cindy said "B is the answer"
I-knew-it-all-along, I know all the answers
105
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
106
What is plasticity?
The brain's ability to aquire information
The brain's ability to perceive the outside world
The brain's ability to remember
The brain's ability to change
107
What is a schema?
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
a social construct created to relate information together
a funny word
a self-identity construct
108
Number 2 on this neuron is the...
Axon
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Dendrites
109
A: A biological treatment that involves stimulating specific parts of the brain with implanted electrodes.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
deep brain stimulation
vagal nerve stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
110
What is Agoraphobia?
Fear of open spaces or crowds
Fear of heights
Fear of a loved one being hurt
Fear of social situations
111
What is a schema?
a social construct created to relate information together
a self-identity construct
a funny word
a mental construct consisting of a cluster of related concepts
112
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
113
Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by:
seeing things that aren't there
distrust in others
odd or eccentric ideas and behaviors
mistrust and suspicion
114
If I analyze Facebook posts for the past 5 years, what type of research is this?
experimental
observational
archival
correlational
115
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Getting extra chores
Time out
Spanking
Writing a letter of apology
116
A: Three types of dysfunctional beliefs related to oneself, the world, and the future.
Q: What is the negative triad?
Q: What is Gestalt therapy?
Q: What is rational emotive behavioral therapy?
Q: What is cognitive restructuring?
117
What scan type would be best for detecting tumors?
CT
fMRI
EEG
PET
118
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
focuses light
transduction
allows light into the eye
119
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
visual processing; stimulus recognition
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; visual processing
120
What is shallow processing?
only coding physical characteristics
coding based on event's meaning and connections to other events
Only coding for knowledge
Only coding meaning
121
Increased parasympathetic activity will have what effect?
Pupil dilation
Decreased heart rate
Increased energy
Increased respiration
122
What is the best description of what happens during secondary appraisal?
focusing on how we change the problem
evaluate our coping options and resources
determine the extent to which additional resources are needed
how to deal with our emotions from the stressful situation
123
Which is NOT a type of taste bud?
Bitter
Spicy
Sour
Sweet
124
A: Characteristics that describe who a person is and explain how they typically behave. Q: What are __ ?
cardinal traits
traits
central traits
secondary traits
125
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
hindsight bias
latent learning
observational learning
confirmation bias
126
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive reinforcement
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
127
What is relative size?
large objects are close and small objects are far
parallel lines will convey in the distance
large objects are far and small objects are close
the closer object will partially cover the further object
128
To understand if CBT can treat depression, I gather all articles on CBT & depression and analyze them. What am I doing?
an empirically supported treatment
a double blind study
the dodo bird verdict
a meta-analysis
129
Persuasion means... (you can pick more than 1 answer)
Forcing someone to do or believe in something
The act of convincing someone to do or believe something
The act of using coercion to force others to do something
An attempt to influence a person's behaviors, attitudes, or intentions
130
All of the following are predictors of who you will form friendships with EXCEPT:
proximity
similar attitudes
similar parents
similar interests
131
What was significant about Erikson's contributions to human development?
First to argue that adolescents struggle for identity
First to propose that children develop via interactions with the world
First to propose that children learn through scaffolding
First to suggest unconscious forces influence development
132
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is a sticker chart?
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
133
Spontaneous recovery is
The sudden return of a response that has been extinguished
The tendency to forgo rewards spontaneously
The process of retrieving information from the brain
Gaining knowledge of a situation after it has occured
134
What is the explicit memory of facts and general knowledge?
episodic memory
priming
semantic memory
memory consolidation
135
Myelin is
The structure that receives neurotransmitters
A layer of electrical insulation that surrounds the axon
The organelles that compose the neuron
The structure that releases neurotransmitters
136
A storage level of memory that holds sensory information on the order of milliseconds to seconds.
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
137
What is Perception?
The quality of being dedicated
Transforms you from being forgotten to memorable
To be aware of something through senses
An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that something is dangerous
138
What happens if the cochlea is damaged?
Not influence your hearing.
Increase your hearing.
Lose your hearing.
Decrease your hearing.
139
which is NOT a mood disorder?
panic disorder
major depressive disorder
these are all mood disorders
biploar disorder
140
What is it called when an infant starts sucking when their lips are stroked
Rooting reflex
Grasping reflex
Stepping reflex
Sucking reflex
141
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Resistance to physical illness
Promotes positive psychological change
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
142
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Imitating what the model does
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
143
A: A form of therapy where the therapist actively challenges the patient’s irrational beliefs.
Client-centered therapy
Psychodynamic therapy
Gestalt therapy
Rational emotive behavioral therapy
144
What is a language acquisition device?
A way of learning language through sensory experience.
An innate mechanism for learning language.
A way of learning language through reinforcement.
A way of learning language.
145
How does PET measure brain activity?
It detects a BOLD signal
It detects the metabolization of glucose
It detects electrical signals from neurons firing
It detects the flow of blood
146
True or False: Drugs cure psychological disorders and control the symptoms.
True
False
147
What is Binocular disparity?
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
two lines converging in the distance
148
According to Freud, transference is a ___ .
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
149
A: It involves applying rapid pulses of magnetic stimulation to the brain from a coil held near the scalp.
vagal nerve stimulation
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
deep brain stimulation
150
What does the frontal lobe do?
somatosensory cortex
motor cortex
auditory cortex
visual cortext
151
Learning to respond to a particular stimulus but not similar stimuli is called_____
generalization
discrimination
extinction
acquisition
152
Which is the best example of cognitive dissonance?
if you think the gym is good for you but don't go to the gym
if you like chocolate but you also think pizza is better
you think sleep is beneficial so you get 8 hours of sleep each night
if you like Muzna because she is pretty
153
What type of personality test measures what people are willing and able to describe about themselves?
projective tests
self-report
informant report
projective report
154
What is cognition?
Knowledge and problem solving
Thinking
Language and decision making
All of these answer options are part of cognition
155
If congress passed a law that laws that restrict where Muslim women can wear the hijab, this is an example of __ .
symbolic racism
aversive racism
explicit racism
prejudice
156
You have brown eyes. The expression of this trait is due to
your phenotype
your genotype
natural selection
none of the above
157
The rooting reflex...
causes baby to spread out their toes
causes baby to imitate walking
causes baby to turn cheek towards touch sensation
causes baby to start sucking an object
158
If stimulating someone's temporal lobe causes them to hear sounds, this means that
the corpus callosum has been severed
the person is delusional
the person has cancer
certain brain regions process specific information
159
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by
loss of interest in pleasurable activities
physical aggression towards humans and animals
extreme mood swings
impulsivity, fidgeting, and difficulty in shifting attention
160
Latent learning occurs ...
when we suddenly realize how to do something
when we observe another person experience consequences for their behavior
A permanent and lasting change in behavior from experience
withouteither incentive or any clear motivation to learn
161
Which is the best example of Chronic Stress?
Exam 3 in Introduction to Psychology
A car accident where no one is seriously injured
You cannot find your keys
Caring for a chronically ill family member for years
162
The dorsal stream is responsible for _, and the ventral stream is responsible for _.
perceiving movement; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; visual processing
visual processing; stimulus recognition
stimulus recognition; perceiving movement
163
What is the best description of someone with a Dependent personality disorder?
submissiveness and excessive need to be taken care of
distrust, others are evil
excessive emotions and seeks attention
intense interest in being orderly, having control, and perfection
164
What type of operant conditioning (consequence) is an alarm clock?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
165
Mood disorder alternating between extreme highs and lows
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
166
Client-centered therapy does not involve which of the following items?
empathy
unconditional positive regard
genuineness
interpreting dreams
167
Who forms beliefs based on systematic observations?
empiricists
everyday people
introspectionists
rationalists
168
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
If I see a donut, I can eat one.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
If I have a donut for breakfast, I must work out.
169
What does the 'correlation co-efficient' tell us?
Gives the margin of error of a test
Tells how accurate a test is
Tells the strength of the relationship between 2 variables
It gives us qualitative data
170
What does the amygdala do?
Helps you make plan actions.
Controls your movements.
Controls your memory.
Controls your emotions.
171
Connections between brain regions are what color on an MRI?
grey
white
red
black
172
Social learning theory is learning social behavior..
by the things that happen after a behavior
when two events co-occur
by observing and imitating
with the help of peers and experts
173
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
The thalamus
174
In the general aggression model, all of the following are factors that contribute to acts of aggression.
personality
impulsivity of response
triggering events
a history of aggressive actions
175
_ is a notion of the self as stable entity distinct from others; whereas, _ is defined by connections to other people
Independent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; dependent self-construal
Interdependent self-construal ; independent self-construal
Independent self-construal ; interdependent self-construal
176
Motor skills develop according to which 2 general rules? (Pick 2)
from the limbs to the center of the body
from the torso to the feet and the head
from the center of the body outwards
from the head to the feet
177
What is NOT a stereotype?
All men are non-emotional
Girl's need constant protection from men
Foreigner's cannot be trusted
Everyone is on the same level
178
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
All languages share a similar grammar.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
Words shape the way people think.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
179
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
180
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
Fear of death can trigger disease
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
Too much dieting can create disease
181
A split brain is caused by a severed...
Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex
Medulla
Corpus Callosum
182
The hippocampus' primary function is what?
homeostasis
memory
emotion
vision
183
What is attachment?
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
184
Name Design: Examine drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression.
Cross-sectional
Case study
Experimental
Archival
185
What are teratogens?
a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and egg
a collection of congenital problems associated with alcohol
any external agent that can harm an embryo or fetus
structures that allow oxygen & nutrients to pass to fetus
186
Which branch of psychology focuses on how we interact with and relate to others?
social
clinical
health
industrial and organizational
187
What is Implicit memory?
long term storage of unconscious mem. that cant be described
memory that includes a person's knowledge about the world.
memories that can be verbally described
memory that includes a person's personal experience
188
What is a morpheme?
most basic unit of speech used in a sentence
most basic unit of speech
most basic unit of speech that has meaning
Symbol for letter sounds
189
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
I can always find a way to improve
I am afraid of making a mistake
Challenges make me better
With more practice it will get easier
190
__ estimates indicate that about half of personality trait variability is due to genetic factors.
Heritability
Behavioral
Genetic
Statistical
191
Which is a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements
A varying amount of time elapses between reinforcements
Reinforcement is given after a number of correct responses
Reinforcement after a varying number of correct responses
192
If someone has Generalized Anxiety Disorder, what medication would they most likely be given?
benzodiazepine
mood stabilizer
lithium carbonate
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
193
Juan tried losing weight numerous times, changed his diet, and took diet pills. "I will always be overweight." This is_.
learned helplessness
depressive realism
outcome efficacy
internal locus of control
194
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to negative
negative to more negative
negative to positive
positive to more positive
195
What is Internal Validity?
Measures in a valid study are compared to the study
The need to generalize beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
When the research looks like it is doing what it claims to
196
GABA does what in the central nervous system?
rewards
excites
memory
inhibits
197
What form of memory retrieval are you using when answering this multiple-choice question?
recognition
recall
free-recall
relearning
198
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
food
hunger
a bell
nausea
199
Memory is located in specific brain regions. What type of memory is the cerebellum associated with?
procedural memories
declarative, episodic and recognition
remembering semantic tasks
fear and fear memories
200
Are the soccer teams in one school district a population sample?
population
sample
201
Which of the following is NOT a barrier that prevents people from seeking therapy?
the cultural stigma about therapy
lack of physical access to therapy
recognizing a psychological disorder is treatable
lack of financial access to therapy
202
What changed as a result of Phineas Gage's accident?
Personality
Short term Memory
Long term Memory
Executive functions
203
Children who use parents as a secure base from which to explore are said to have .....
Ambivalent Attachment
Secure Attachment
Disorganized attachment
Avoidant Attachment
204
All of the following are physical disadvantages of getting older EXCEPT:
Reduced crystalized intelligence
Reduced cardiac output
Reduced reaction time
Reduced sensory acuity
205
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
Pituitary gland
Cortisol
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
ACTH
206
What is Amplitude?
The distance between any two consecutive crests
The number of cycles per second of a wave
The height of the crests of a wave
The maximum extent of a wave
207
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
opponent-process theory
absolute threshold
Weber's law
signal detection theory
208
Fact or Opinion: Dendrite is a Greek word that means "tree".
Fact
Opinion
209
What is dual processing theory?
understanding stimuli in a particular, serial order
ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli
when we’re making decisions, we use two different systems of thinking
being able to do to tasks at the same time.
210
Dopamine
All of the above
Drugs release dopamine which tricks the brain into thinking the substance
Is released when we enjoy something
Characteristics of addictive behavior arises from the brain’s reward center
211
In which Piaget stage do people gain the ability to reason about abstract problems and hypothetical propositions?
Preoperational
Formal operational
Sensorimotor
Concrete Operational
212
A storage level of memory where information can be held briefly, from seconds to less than a minute.
short-term memory
long-term memory
declarative memory
sensory memory
213
Name Design: Ask people to answer a series of questions about political views.
naturalistic observation
case study
experimental
survey
214
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Observing someone being reinforced for behavior and copying behavior
Observing someone being punished for behavior and not copying behavior
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Copying what someone else does
215
Which is not a characteristic of a hypothesis?
Consistent with well established facts
Falsifiable
You think you are right
Capable of being tested
216
Which topic would someone studying criminal justice be the most interested in?
Therapy
Conformity
Obedience
False memories
217
What is sensation?
interpreting sensory information
organizing information
Detecting and encoding energy from your environment
detecting and encoding energy from your body
218
Social loafing is LESS likely to occur when any of the following occur EXCEPT:
Individualsare held accountable for meeting certain goals
When the group size is small and the group members have clear roles
When everyone must work together to achieve a collective goal
Whena task is challenging, interesting, and personally relevant
219
What is basilar membrane?
Detection of dissolved compounds by taste buds in papillae
A series of small bones in the middle ear
Hair cells in cochela turn vibrations into neural impulses
A structure that vibrates when sound waves hit it
220
If I take a a sugar pill that I believe is an antidepressant and I feel less depressed, this is known as ___ ?
the placebo effect
cognitive-behavioral therapy
mindfulness
third wave therapy
221
TREPHINATION IS
CUTTING A HOLE IN THE SKULL TO LET THE DEMONS OUT
A SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSIS FOR MENTAL ILLNESS
THERAPY INTENDED TO HELP DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS
A WAY OF MEASURING BRAIN WAVES
222
Gustation is the sense of:
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Balance
223
Those with a fixed mindset ______.
embrace challenges
learn from others' success
try to improve
give up easily.
224
What are the 3 stages of Moral Development?
Right, Wrong, Values
Pre-conventional, Conventional, Post-conventional
Cosmic, Good, Bad
Obedience, Punishment, Law and Order
225
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
challenge reactivity
fight-or-flight response
threat reactivity
chronic stress
226
Habituation is
when the habit changes its population
when an animal gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when a animal decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
when predator are always hunting decreasing the population
227
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new memory
new neurons
new neurotransmitters
new glial cells
228
What is chronic stress?
long term stress
a disease from stress
large amount of stress
short term stress
229
Comorbidity means_______?
the presence of having an unhealthy realtionship
more than one disorder occurring at same time
one diagnosis in an individual
two diagnosis that are unrelated
230
Vicarious punishment occurs when
Learning by observing another person's behaviors
Imitating what the model does
Observing someone receivenegative consequences for behavior and not copying
Observing someone receivepositive consequences for behavior and copying
231
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
accommodation; assimilation
preoperational; sensorimotor
sensorimotor; preoperational
assimilation; accommodation
232
Opponent process theory _______________
states that sensory receptors come in pairs.
cannot explain afterimages.
there are three types of cones.
states that black and white cannot be seen simultaneously.
233
Are the soccer teams in one state a population sample?
population
sample
234
All are forms of positive punishment EXCEPT -
Spanking
Getting extra chores
Writing a letter of apology
Time out
235
What did the Milgram experiment focus on
intelligence and problem solving
conformity and norms
obedience and authority
altruism and helping others
236
What are the behavioral effects of serotonin?
Modulated mood, suppressed appetite
Increased pleasure, suppressed appetite
Increased learning, enhanced memory
Increased arousal, suppressed appetite
237
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls vision
it controls hearing
it controls touch
it controls movements
238
What is object permanence?
A child can successfully stack blocks
A child can see other peoples viewpoints
The child knows how to play with hot wheels
A child knows an item exists when it isn't seen
239
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the dependent variable?
0 mg
drug dose
100 mg
depression
240
According to the Triangular theory of love, what component(s) would "friends with benefits" include?
intimacy
passion+intimacy
passion
intimacy+passion+commitment
241
How does physical exercise and exposure to nature NOT help treat psychological disorders?
high levels of exercise are associated with high levels of symptoms
increasing physical exercise can reduce negative psychological symptoms
there are benefits to green exercise (outdoor physical exercise)
easy access to green space is associated w/ greater well-being &less stress
242
What is External Validity?
The ability to generalize results beyond the context it was carried out
Ability to rule out alternate explanations
The extent to which something does what it claims to do
Ability to get the same measurement each time instrument is used
243
What chemical facilitates bonding in humans?
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
oxytocin
244
The best example of confirmation bias is...
your FB feed where the news article support your views
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
245
Beyonce is continually thinking about a break up and her previous partner. Beyonce is experiencing ___
anhedonia
rumination
compulsions
obsessions
246
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Experimental
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Sequential
247
What is sensation?
interpreting sensory information
detecting and encoding energy from your environment
detecting and encoding energy from your body
organizing information
248
All of the following are the criteria for causation EXCEPT
A large, representative sample
One variable must precede the other
No reasonable alternative explanations
Two variables must be correlated
249
A: Explains behavior as a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influence. Q: What is _?
gene X environment interaction
heritability
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
Behavioral activation system (BAS)
250
Which of the following examples demonstrates a social role
the thing you eat at a social dinner
the way you expect your teacher to behave
acting one way in public but privately thinking or feeling something else
the things you expect to happen in a restaurant
251
What is the babbling stage?
One-word statements
Repeated vowel sounds
Two-word statements
Repeated consonant-vowel sounds
252
Habituation is
when an organism decrease its response to a repetitive stimulus
when the organism increases their responses to a novel stimulus
when an organism gets use to its new environment when it is moved
when we recover a response becasue a novel stimulus is presented
253
Which of the following is a dispositional attribution?
Henry is cut off by a car and assumes the driver is rude
Marissa believes that people in a group share the same ideas
Teacher's thinks child is acting out in class b/c of divorce
Rudy assumes the role of a "guard" in a social experiment
254
What is a scientific Theory?
well-developed set of ideas that propose explanation for observed phenomena
a testable prediction about how the world will behave
description of a specific relation of real world conditions
measurements and data in support of a scientific explanation
255
Which is NOT an anxiety disorder?
bipolar disorder
social phobia
specific phobia
panic disorder
256
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
problem solving
solving a puzzle
having knowledge on a particular subject
acquiring new skills
257
All of the following are tips for successful learning EXCEPT:
Increase stress
Study often
Use retrieval cues
Test yourself
258
The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus is called_____
extinction
discrimination
generalization
acquisition
259
signal detection theory is most closely associated with
transduction
sensory adaptation
just noticeable difference
absolute thresholds
260
Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiment showed that kids used
observational learning
hindsight bias
confirmation bias
latent learning
261
What psychological disorder does Bruce Banner (Hulk)?
Major Depressive Disorder
Schizophrenia
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
262
What does it mean if a statistical result is significant?
their study had high reliability
their study had low reliability
their findings are not due to chance
their findings are due to chance
263
What does a MRI measure?
internal structures of brain
metabolization of glucose
electrical activity in the brain
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
264
The hippocampus helps me
Remember important events
Hear
Run from danger
Create art
265
Fact or Opinion: William James wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology.
Fact
Opinion
266
Define the recency effect.
Information in the middle of the list is recalled the best
Information at the end of the list is recalled the best
None of these answers are correct
Information at the start of the list is recalled the best
267
Which of the following is not involved in the HPA axis?
All answers are involved in the HPA axis
ACTH
Cortisol
Pituitary gland
268
Which of the following predicts the types of relationships you form as an adult?
attachment style
neither answer is correct
parenting style
both answers are correct
269
The likelihood of perceiving a stimulus change is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
Weber's law
opponent-process theory
270
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
increased risk for health problems
strong emotional reactivity
delays in motor development
intellectual disabilities
271
Why is a therapeutic alliance beneficial?
because it allows therapists to show empathy
because it helps us become self-actualized
because it creates a dependent relationship
because it can help clients gain confience
272
The neurotransmitter Glutamate is responsible for:
mood regulation
reward system
inhibition of neurons
excitation of neurons
273
If I examine one group of people for 30 years, what research design am I using?
Cross sectional
Experimental
Sequential
Longitudinal
274
How do researchers help participants maintain autonomy?
Conduct the research on one portion of society
Debrief the participant and answer their questions
By having participants read and sign a consent form
By ensuring low risk and high reward
275
Which of the following is NOT a beneficial effect of stress?
Satisfies a need for stimulation and challenge
Resistance to physical illness
Prepares people so they are less affected by future stress
Promotes positive psychological change
276
Episodic memory is...
Memory of Doctor Who episodes
Long-term memory of knowledge
Long-term memory of personal events
Long-term memory of how to do things
277
What does the occipital lobe do?
Memory
Hearing
Touch
Sight
278
Retrieval is best when the present context recreates the context in which information was initially encoded.
mood dependent retrieval
state dependent retrieval
recognition
encoding specificity
279
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
280
What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?
Processes visual and spatial information
Storage component with capacity of about 4 chunks
Processes information in terms of sound
Coordinates the subsystems & allocates processing resources
281
What does the MEG measure?
internal structures of brain
metabolization of glucose
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
magnetic fields generated by brain's electrical currents
282
What is the idea that physical properties of an object remain constant despite superficial changes in object’s shape?
symbolic representation
abstract reasoning
operation
conservation
283
What can cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
Military Combat
All the Above
Natural Disasters
Assault or an Accident
284
Who would study thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
developmental psychologists
cognitive psychologists
personality psychologists
evolutionary psychologists
285
Which Parenting Style is this?
Disengaged
Authoritative
Permissive
Authoritarian
286
The defense mechanism of denial is..
keeping unwanted feelings, thoughts, and memories below consciousness
preventing perception of a painful or threatening reality as it's occurring
seeing others as possessing a disliked trait or feeling
redirecting the id's aggression from source to more defenseless targets
287
Dopamine is associated with what in the brain?
inhibition of neurons
excitation of neurons
mood regulation
reward system
288
What is the main idea of the diathesis-stress model?
Too much dieting can create disease
Fear of death can trigger disease
People vary in their sensitivity to stressors
Genes plus major stress can trigger disease
289
All of the following are characteristics of Down syndrome EXCEPT:
increased risk for health problems
strong emotional reactivity
delays in motor development
intellectual disabilities
290
Coding system of the Phonological Loop
Olfactory
Visual
Auditory
Tactile
291
What is the biopsychosocial model?
telling the difference between mental disorders
a way of understanding the factors that make people healthy
a way of determining someone's genetic risk factors
a way of treating mental health depending on their factors
292
Positive or Negative Correlation: As shoe size increases, math ability increases
Positive
Negative
293
What is the function of the pinna?
To change sound waves into mechanical waves
To change mechanical waves into neural impulses
To send information to the brain
To funnel sound waves into the middle ear
294
Which sentence contains an overregularization error?
“She no want to go.”
“We eats dinner now.”
“He pet the dog black.”
“I singed a song today.”
295
Narcissism includes
giving to others.
an inflated sense of self-importance.
the inability to know right from wrong.
social consciousness.
296
Learning ...
always produces an improvement in behavior
requires the ability to think abstractly
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
297
How does the charge inside the neuron change when it fires?
positive to negative
negative to more negative
negative to positive
positive to more positive
298
Function of the Occipital Lobe
reasoning, problem solving, speech, & movement
visual processing
Movement, orientation, recognition & perception of stimuli
auditory processing, memory, & speech
299
Which of the following defines the fundamental attribution error?
Overestimate dispositional factors & underestimate situational factors
Overestimate dispositional and situational factors
Underestimate dispositional and situational factors
Underestimate dispositional factors & overestimate situational factors
300
Fact or Opinion: Autism is caused by vaccines.
Opinion
Fact
301
Cultural transmission is transmitting information from one _____ to another by teaching.
society
class
generation
language
302
According to self-determination theory, well-being&success are achieved when environments support all motivations EXCEPT
determination
competence
autonomy
relatedness
303
The neural tube will become the:
backbone, legs, and arms
brain and spinal cord
reproductive organs
intestinal tract
304
What is interposition?
when closer objects partially obstruct distant objects
when parallel lines draw together in the distance
distant objects have smoother texture
distant objects are less clear/hazy
305
Type of consequence: Your ticketed for speeding so your car is taken away
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Punishment
Positive Punishment
306
If you came into class and learned that there was a pop quiz which causes stress, what activates first?
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Sympathetic-adreno-medullary (SAM) axis
Parasympathetic nervous system
The thalamus
307
What was the major contribution of Harry Harlow's research?
Attachment is not solely by the need for nourishment
Children react in 1 of 4 ways to the Strange Situation test
Safety that allows the child to explore the environment
Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base
308
A: Personality guides cognition about world shaping ppl's environments, reinforcing/amplifying personality. Q: What is_?
person X situation interactions
social learning theory
reciprocal determinism
gene X environment interactions
309
Supreme released 1,000 special edition shirts.Many people place a high value on this shirt due to short supply.This is _
a social proof
the door-in-the-face technique
the foot-in-the-door technique
the scarcity principle
310
The 3 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin information processing memory model are...
Semantic memory, declarative memory, procedural memory
Hippocampus, Thalamus, Amygdale
Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
Input, Process, output
311
What is the trichromatic theory?
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
312
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
A label you give yourself based on past experience
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
When you have fulfilled one of your goals
313
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
314
What is Binocular disparity?
closer objects partially obscure more distant objects
different intensities of light seen by the left and right eye
difference in the images seen by the left and right eye
two lines converging in the distance
315
Nonassociative learning involves a change in the ______ of and response to a _____ stimulus.
behavior; pleasant
behavior; repeated
magnitude; unpleasant
magnitude; repeated
316
Validity
appropriateness or accuracy of a conclusion.
measurements that are made without bias.
reliability and objectivity.
getting the same result each time a measurement is taken.
317
The primary function of the olfactory bulb is to:
Decode the smell information from the glomeruli
Stimulate your appetite when you're hungry
Send information to the primary olfactory cortex
Detect the presence of an odor in the air
318
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the triangular theory of love?
Attachment
Passion
Commitment
Intimacy
319
Neurogenesis is the formation of
new neurons
new neurotransmitters
new glial cells
new memory
320
Finish this phrase: Correlation ...
never lies about the facts
shows differences in data
does not equal causation
helps us understand the world
321
All of the following describe self-serving biases EXCEPT:
We choose to define traits in ways that favor our strengths.
We have unrealistic and self-aggrandizing views of the self.
We assume that we are better-than-average.
We attribute good outcomes internally and bad outcomes externally.
322
What is transduction?
Sensory stimulation without perception
Making sense of the outside world
Transforming signals into neural impulses
The stimulation of the senses
323
The best example of confirmation bias is...
someone who deliberately answers a questionnaire falsely
refusing to be persuaded by views do not match your own
a person who is miserable but still tries to smile
your FB feed where the news article support your views
324
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Longitudinal
Experimental
Sequential
Cross sectional
325
Shaping occurs when
rewards are given intermittently
rewards are given only after successful behaviors
rewards are withdrawn after unsuccessful behaviors
rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
326
Which imaging technique best measures neural activity in real time.
MRI
PET
TMS
EEG
327
What is functional fixedness?
a tendency to focus on an object's typical function
favoring information that confirms your beliefs
presentation of a fact framed from a particular perspective
a tendency to approach situations the same way
328
Which of the following is characteristic of a psychological disorder not a syndrome?
Simple deviance from social norms
A disturbance in an individual that is associated with distress
A culturally appropriate response to a particular event
An expectableresponse to common stressors and losses
329
____ are behavioral urges that temporarily relieve anxiety and are generally senseless rituals.
Phobias
None of these
Compulsions
Obsessions
330
Construct validity is important because
it measures how well variables were operationalized and manipulated
it tells you how important and impactful your results are
it measures if the tool will produce the same measurement
it tells you whether the results generalize to other populations
331
Delusion or hallucination:
Seeing a famous actor on a television set that is not on or plugged in
delusion
hallucination
332
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
belief perseverance
hindsight bias
overconfidence bias
confirmation bias
333
A: It represents the internalized cultural rules and ideals that guide our moral conscience Q: What is the __?
superego
id
None of the answers are correct
ego
334
Whorf’s linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
Words shape the way people think.
Infancy is a critical period for language development.
All languages share a similar grammar.
Our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status.
335
What is an authoritarian parent?
Emotionally detached and unloving
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
336
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to direct attention and focus on relevant information
337
To learn appropriate social behavior, Juan watches Jose's social interactions and copies them. This is called ___ .
vicarious reinforcement
contingency management
in vivo exposure
modeling
338
The rapid shift to online social interaction has negatively impacted social relationships in all the following EXCEPT:
Momentary drops in happiness with frequent checking of social media & email
Perception of a broad social network is associated w/ higher stress levels
Higher likelihood of ignoring & neglecting people in same physical space
Others reacting negatively to people with low self-esteem who self-disclose
339
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that recognize facial features
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
340
What are feature detectors?
Neurons that code for perceptually significant stimuli
Neurons that decipher which visual signals are strongest
Neurons that respond to lines, edges, and angles
Neurons that recognize facial features
341
Which psychological disorder is known for hallucinations?
OCD
PTSD
Dissociative identity disorder
Schizophrenia
342
Sensory adaptation refers to
changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects
process where stimulus energies are changed into impulses
process of organizing & interpreting sensory information
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
343
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
consequences
pairing stimuli
watching others
experience
344
The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes between two routes to persuasion;
central & peripheral
primary & secondary
intuitive & rational
implicit & explicit
345
What is repolarization?
Membrane potential does not change
Membrane potential sharply increases becoming positive
Membrane potential decreases becoming negative
Membrane is at resting potential
346
What is the best example of positive symptoms?
muted or dulled emotional responses
seeing or hearing something that is not really there
reductions in speech
withdrawing from friends and family
347
A researcher examines drug dosage (0 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg) for treating depression. What is the control group?
50 mg
0 mg
depression
100 mg
348
What does the EEG scan measure?
metabolization of glucose
internal structures of brain
electrical activity in the brain
a bold oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal
349
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
350
What scan type is best for detecting real time electrical firing of neurons?
fMRI
EEG
PET
CT
351
Which of the following would a psychologist study?
The genetic link between prenatal smoking and ADHD
The impact of one social group on another social group
The way that the human mind influences behavior
The evolution of human beings
352
Learning ...
requires the ability to think abstractly
gets easier as people get older
is a change in behavior from past experience
always produces an improvement in behavior
353
An aptitude test is a test of
how much you have learned.
your problem solving abilities.
your intelligence.
your skills and interests.
354
What happens in deplorization during action potential?
the outside of the neuron is positive
returns the cell to resting potential
the outside of the neuron has no charge
the inside of the cell becomes positive
355
What is neuroplasticity?
The formation of new neurons in the brain
Our brains’ ability to reinvent and rewire itself
Our brains' ability to adapt by learning new things
The way that new thoughts are formed
356
What is a prototype?
an representation of an idea in a category
something new that is being tested
representative category members
an abstract representation of all category members
357
What is a stressor?
a large amount of stress
a short term amount of stress
anything that requires you to cope or adapt
stress that causes organs to shut down
358
Chanti’s psychological functioning is evaluated to determine if a clinical diagnosis is warranted. Chanti is receiving _
a self-report test
a projective test
a clinical interview
a clinical assessment
359
A: A clinical improvement not associated with a clinical intervention.
Q: What is a wait-list control condition?
Q: What is a double blind condition?
Q: What is an experimental condition?
Q: What is a spontaneous improvement?
360
If you learned that there was a pop quiz that you prepared for, what do you experience?
challenge reactivity
chronic stress
threat reactivity
fight-or-flight response
361
What is the idea that males & females develop distinct personality traits because of different reproductive challenges?
social learning theory
social role theory
sexual selection
self-determination theory
362
According to Freud, hysteria is a ___ .
psychogenic disorder with a variety of physical and psychological symptoms
asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious childhood conflicts
response to the therapist like a major figure in their own life
patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics
363
In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the _____ after conditioning.
Unconditioned Response
Conditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
364
Negative reinforcement involves
removal of a pleasant stimulus
presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
presentation of a pleasant stimulus
removal of an unpleasant stimulus
365
Which of the following is NOT true of dissociative identity disorder?
The diagnosis has been highly controversial.
The well-documented cases of DID are doubtful.
There has been a massive increase in DID diagnosis since the 1970s.
There are more DID cases due to brain imagining technology for diagnosis.
366
Which of the following is not true about health disparities?
Early and prolonged stress changes someone's response to stress
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) is related to better health outcomes
Perceived social status is related to general health outcomes
Racial and ethnic disparities in health are not linked to increased stress
367
Which of these are not detected by the parietal Lobe ?
Sound
Touch
Pain
Temperature
368
What is the main function of an inter neuron?
receive impulses from senses
sends impulses to muscles
remove waste, debris, and excessive neurotransmitters
carries nerve impulses
369
If I compare 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 year olds, what research design am I using?
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Experimental
Sequential
370
What is the self-fulfilling Prophecy ?
When you have fulfilled one of your aims
When a person behaves according the the label given to them
A label you give yourself
Achieving self-actualization and becoming the best person you can
371
Size constancy means:
the shoe is bigger than the people in this image
the closest image to the front is bigger
objects stay the same size even if their image seems bigger
objects get bigger when their image gets bigger
372
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
General intelligence (g)
Crystalized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence
373
The species-specific biological predisposition to learn some associations more quickly than other associations.
counterconditioning
prediction error
preparedness
blocking
374
If an apple is in the right visual field & a wrench in theleft, what does a split brain person see with their right eye?
apple
wrench
neither the apple or wrench
both the apple and wrench
375
Which are examples of norm violations? (You may select more than 1 answer)
Talking to yourself in public
Invading a stranger's space
Eating soup with a fork
Walking into a building with your umbrella open
376
The person × situation interactions model posits that to understand and predict behavior, it's necessary to account for
the situation people find themselves in
the interaction between personal dispositions and the situation
All answer options must be accounted for in this model
personal dispositions
377
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
Christmas occurring each year
Doing what another person does
378
What is attachment?
a strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver
imprinting on the the first moving object an organism sees
a transient, enduring bond between infant and caregiver
a short, temporary bond between an infant and a caregiver
379
What is called when a painter realizes their full potential as an artist?
self-actualization
self-efficacy
outcome efficacy
locus of control
380
What is rehearsal?
A temporary storage container that holds information for about 30 seconds
The process of getting information into the brain for processing
The process of storing information in the brain for later use
The holding of information in the brain through mental repetition
381
What is the sustained activation of many physiological systems in response to frequent or chronic stressors?
resilience
allostatic load
burnout
general adaptation syndrome
382
How can you most effectively create enduring memories to prepare for exams?
spread out encoding across numerous days
ask questions during a review session
re-read the textbook
repeat the information numerous times
383
Industrial and Organization Psychology can be defined as
the study of safety at work
the study of the way that people and machines interact
the study of worker efficiency
the study of human behavior in the workplace
384
A: Medications that block dopamine transmission but have enhanced benefits of limiting or eliminating negative symptoms.
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
385
Operant conditioning is learning through ______
pairing stimuli
experience
watching others
consequences
386
Associative learning involves:
Connecting events together to learn
Working with associates to learn
Learning something by doing it
Learning by watching others
387
Which of the following is NOT important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle?
exercise
hygiene
sleep
diet
388
Bounded rationality is the idea that ...
irrational decisions bound by our environments
rational decision making is constrained by limitations
rational decisions made on a cost-benefit basis
sudden decisions that are made without conscious oversight
389
What is proprioception?
Awareness of your body's position in space
How flexible you are
How strong you are
How mentally quick you are
390
Which of the following advantages is NOT a specific advantage of Group Therapy?
More clients can be accommodated by a limited number of therapists.
A sense of group belonging, support, and encouragement
Allows therapists to observe & treat problems that emerge in group settings
Being fully present by observing their thoughts, feelings, and sensations
391
What is a concordance rate?
Likelihood of twins having different traits
Likelihood of twins having same trait
Likelihood of siblings having same traits
Likelihood of siblings having different traits
392
Which of these is NOT TRUE of case study methodology?
Case studies allow new theories to be formulated
Case studies can be easily generalized to the wider population
Case studies allow for a rich data set because single individual is studied
Case studies usually involve studying individuals who are rare/unusual
393
What does the frontal lobe control?
motor movements
hearing
vision
touch
394
Which of the following is NOT a part of primary appraisal of stress?
If the event is irrelevant
If the event is relevant, but not threatening
If the event is stressful
Evaluation of coping resources
395
A: Therapy that helps patients integrate inconsistent aspects into a coherent whole via self- awareness and -acceptance.
Q: What is Interpersonal Therapy?
Q: What is Client-Centered Therapy?
Q: What is Motivational Interviewing?
Q: What is Gestalt Therapy?
396
What effect does group polarization have on groups?
It causes groups to have more moderate views
It causes the group to form more extreme views
It causes the members of the group to act more moderately
It has little effect on the views of the group
397
Operational definition: College success measured by the number of friends you made during college
Good
Bad
398
Bob lost his job. An example of problem-focused coping would be
ignoring the problem and wishing it is all a dream.
updating his resume and applying for new jobs.
catching up with a friend and venting about the situation.
meeting a mate at a pub to have a drink.
399
___ is using existing schemas to interpret new experiences; but, ___ is revising schemas to incorporate new information.
assimilation; accommodation
preoperational; sensorimotor
accommodation; assimilation
sensorimotor; preoperational
400
what does the temporal lobe do?
it controls hearing
it controls movement
it controls touch
it controls vision
401
What does chunking mean?
rehearsing the information over and over
referring the information to yourself and your life
grouping information together into smaller groups to increase memory
studying in numerous short sessions rather than one large study session
402
What would be the behavioral effects of damage to Wernicke's and Broca's areas?
hearing problems
vision problems
speech problem
motor movement problems
403
What is transduction?
Transforming signals into neural impulses
The stimulation of the senses
Making sense of the outside world
Sensory stimulation without perception
404
What is a phoneme?
the sound each individual letter makes
a meaning piece of a word
the smallest unit of sound in a word
the letter or letters that represent a sound
405
What does the retina do?
protects the eye
allows light into the eye
focuses light
transduction
406
Which is the best example of implementation intention that fosters a healthy lifestyle?
When I drive by the gym, I will stop and work out.
If I can get someone to do my work, do it.
If I complete all my work, I can reward myself with a donut.
When I see a donut, I can eat one.
407
The most common anxiety disorder that involves exaggerated worry about life.
generalized anxiety disorder
panic disorder
obsessive compulsive disorder
specific phobia
408
Operational definition: College success measured by employment in the field one year after graduation
Bad
Good
409
What is Syntax?
The study of how syllables make up words.
A tax payable for sentences that are incomprehensible.
How we combine words into sentences.
The meaning of a sentence
410
Positive or Negative Correlation: As the number of missed classes increases, total points decreases.
Positive
Negative
411
Retroactive Interference is...
When older memories interfere with forming new ones
When new memories interfere with recalling older ones
When you lose access to old memories after an accident
When you cannot form new memories after an accident
412
Heritability measures:
Proportion of genotype variation due to phenotype
Incidence of a trait in the population
If a trait is polygenic
Proportion of phenotype variation due to genotype
413
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
combat preparation.
alarm.
resistance.
exhaustion.
414
A study with many confounds has
poor external validity
poor re-test reliability
poor construct validity
poor internal validity
415
A mental shortcut that allows people to efficiently solve problems and make judgments and decisions.
Restructuring
Insight
Heuristic
Algorithm
416
What is an agonist ?
neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that release endogenous endorphins
drugs that block neurotransmitters in the brain
drugs that mimic neurottransmitters in the brain
417
What is Autism?
All of the above
It affects the way a child interacts with the world
It affects social interaction and communication skills
It is a lifelong developmental disability
418
What is puberty ?
end of childhood when you have problems with emotional regulation
beginning of adulthood and few significant changes happen
end of childhood and point when reproduction is possible
beginning of adulthood marked by egocentricism
419
What are mirror neurons?
Neurons that relay information from one neuron to another
Neurons that fire when people perform and watch someone perform a behavior
Neurons that are different but look like other neurons
Neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information in the cortex
420
Why is it important to develop rapport with your therapist or healthcare provider?
rapport is a determinant of successful treatment
rapport helps raise the client's self-esteem
rapport is not important to develop
rapport has been demonstrated to increase neurotransmitter release
421
Encoding is the process by which ...
information goes into memory encoding
information is retrieved
we think about thinking
information goes into memory storage
422
A: Medications that increase serotonin turnover in the brain with fewer side effects.
Q: What are typical antipsychotics?
Q: What are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?
Q: What are atypical antipsychotics?
Q: What are typical antidepressants?
423
Jose is very organized, and he schedules everything in his life. Jose is most likely high is what Big Five trait?
extroversion
neuroticism
conscientiousness
agreeableness
424
The stage of general adaptation syndrome consisting of an increase in physiological arousal is
combat preparation.
exhaustion.
resistance.
alarm.
425
Random assignment is
Grouping a sample into two groups
The group that does not receive treatment
The group that receives the treatment
Assigning participants 2 different conditions without bias
426
A refractory period is ________
The same as the resting potential
A brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse
The period when the neuron conducts an impulse
The myelin sheathing provides insulation from an impulse
427
The best example of an acute stressor is...
relationship changes like break up or marriage
caring for a chronically ill person
a bear tries to attack you
spending 4 years in college
428
In taste aversion, what is the conditioned response...
a bell
food
nausea
hunger
429
What is a stereotype threat?
Stereotypes that threaten others
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
430
The Asch Conformity Experiment found that:
people have a hard time agreeing
people see spatial distance differently
people generally don't change their minds
eventually people give in to peer pressure and conform
431
A: The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitude are similar to our own.
Q: What is false consensus?
Q: What is impression management?
Q: What is fundamental attribution error?
Q: What is transference?
432
Which is the best example of the Premack Principle?
You can see your friends, if you do your homework.
You can only have a candy bar, if you drink a soda.
You can have a cupcake, if you eat your dinner.
You can play outside, if you play video games.
433
What is egocentrism?
These are all parts of egocetrism
The inability to perceive others as important
The inability to take the perspective of another
Referencing the self prior to thinking about others
434
After taking the exam, Jeff was certain he got 100% but he really got 65%. This is an example of ...
overconfidence bias
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
belief perseverance
435
The medulla oblongata
regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
regulates balance and fine motor movements
relays visual and auditory info to the thalamus
regulates sleep cycles
436
____ are recurrent unwanted or disturbing thoughts.
None of these
Compulsions
Obsessions
Phobias
437
A: Reduce prejudice through interactions w/ members of different groups working together as equals toward a common goal.
Q: What is realistic group conflict theory?
Q: What is social identity theory?
Q: What is the contact hypothesis?
Q: What is symbolic racism?
438
Structures called the Ossicles
Outer, Middle, Inner Ear
Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
Cochlea, Semicircular Canals, Eustachian Tube
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
439
Heritability is
the genetic reason one individual is different from another
how a trait is inherited
the same from one population to another
the likelihood a difference in a behavior is due to genetics
440
What is the BEST example of a mental set?
not studying for a test, getting a 99%, and never studying again
Doing what another person does
a doctor seeing similar symptoms but making different diagnoses
Christmas occurring each year
441
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron?
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
442
All of the following are part of the ABCs of operant conditioning EXCEPT
The stimuli that precede the behavior and signal the consequence.
The voluntary action that takes place.
The stimuli that increases or decreases likelihood of repeating behavior.
The stimuli that already have a learned response.
443
What brain structure is absolutely critical for staying alive? Hint: it controls breathing and heart rate
thalamus
reticular formation
cerebellum
brain stem
444
A set of norms that govern the typical timing of life milestones like marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
social identity
internal chronometer
emerging adulthood
social clock
445
If the axon of a neuron does not work, what happens to the neuron.
it will not insulate the dendrites and can cause cell death
it can receive messages but it cannot send messages
it can send messages but cannot release neurotransmitters
it cannot receive messages but it can send messages
446
Which of the following describes the avoidant attachment?
Confused, fearful, dazed – result of abuse
Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return
Actively avoids mom, freaks out when she leaves
Actively avoids mom, doesn’t care when she leaves
447
According to the reminiscence bump, which event would someone be most likely to remember?
learning to walk as a baby
graduating from college
their fourth birthday
a typical breakfast last week
448
All of these are examples of Growth Mindset except
With more practice it will get easier
I am afraid of making a mistake
Challenges make me better
I can always find a way to improve
449
In continuous reinforcement, the response is rewarded for the desired behavior....
every 5 behaviors
randomly reward the behavior
every behavior
every 5 minutes
450
During Piaget's concrete operational stage children are capable of what?
To think about moral reasoning at an adult level
Thinking logically about concrete events
All the above
Can think about abstract concepts
451
A subjective experience of having one’s attention so focused on an activity that any sense of self-awareness disappears.
Acceptance
Social support
Flow
Mindfulness
452
What is a stereotype threat?
A stereotype that has a positive effect on people
Unconscious, stereotype knowledge that hinders performance
Stereotypes that threaten others
The positive use of stereotypes in the classroom
453
Which treatment approach draws upon different techniques to customize treatment for a given individual client?
electicism
client-centered
psychodynamic
humanistic
454
A person with antisocial personality disorder would most likely...
Hide in the closet when a stranger rang the doorbell
Believe the new neighbor was an evil foreign spy
Steal someone’s watch at a party
Cry after shaking someone’s hand
455
What is the trichromatic theory?
The sensory receptors come in pairs
Images are left behind after previous perceptions
Different hairs vibrate in cochlea
That there are three types of cones, red, blue, and green
456
Serotonin is associated with what in the brain?
reward system
excitation of neurons
mood regulation
inhibition of neurons
457
Stressors can fall into three broad categories. Which is not one of those categories?
major life events
catastrophic events
transient events
daily hassles
458
Why does the bystander effect occur?
Confidentiality
Situation does not look real
Diffusion of Responsibilty
Anonymity
459
What is an example of crystallized intelligence?
solving a puzzle
knowledge on a subject
acquiring new skills
problem solving
460
What is Long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Connections made between the stimulus and the resposne
Connections are weakened due to a lack of firing
New connections are made in the neocortex
Connections are strengthened through repeated firings
461
What type of Locus of Control is demonstrated by the quote in the picture below?
External
Internal
Both
Neither
462
Consolidation Definition:
Neural changes associated with recent learning are durable.
Loss of memory for events.
Inability to form new memories.
Long lasting increase in neural excitability
463
All of the following are examples of Socioemotional stressors EXCEPT:
An Intro to Psych exam happening today
Recalling a car severe accident
Remembering a traumatic event
Worrying about failing your first semester of college
464
Echoic Memory holds ...
images for a very short time
images for a very long time
sounds for a very long time
sounds for a very short time
465
What is an authoritarian parent?
Gives little little direction lax on obedience
Firm but fair tries to explain parental decisions
Rigid highly punitive demanding obedience
Emotionally detached and unloving
466
The capability to think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, reason, plan, solve problems, and learn from experience.
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence
General intelligence (g)
Crystalized intelligence
467
True or False: Neurosurgeons perform lobotomy only as a last resort.
False
True
468
Alzheimer’s Disease is..
A progressive disease,destroying memory and important mental functions
Abnormal cell growth that can grow/spread to other parts of the body
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement
A disorder with mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs
469
spacing effect
Forgetting what you are saying while you are saying it
Repeating information over and over until to stays in LTM
Effects that happen in Space
Studying over time to yield better long term retention
470
What does the somatosensory cortex do?
It processes visual information
It generates all motor commands for the body
It processes tactile information
It processes auditory information
471
Prosopagnosia is defined as...
An inability to recognize visually presented objects
An inability to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces
A failure to perceive objects
A failure to hear objects
