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AQA GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL Flashcards | StudBud
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AQA GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL
AQA GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL
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AQA GCSE AoS1: Western Classical Music 1650-1910 FULL
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75 cards
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1
forte
Very loud (ff)
Loud (f)
Moderately loud (mf)
Very; very loud (fff)
2
Classical Harmony
Major and minor keys. Diatonic. Use of Ground Bass.
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Use of Primary chords: I, IV and V. Diatonic.
3
ornaments
Devices which decorate a melody.
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
4
Classical Texture
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
Mainly contrapuntal.
Mainly homophonic.
5
Baroque Harmony
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Use of Primary chords I, IV and V. Diatonic.
Major and minor keys. Diatonic. Use of Ground Bass.
6
ostinato
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
Playing a melody backwards.
A repeating musical pattern.
7
A song for the whole choir to emphasise a plot point.
chorus
recitative
aria
8
treble
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A young boy soprano.
A male alto.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
9
Classical Tempo
Fixed throughout the movement.
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
10
bass
A low female voice.
A high female voice.
A low male voice.
A high male voice.
11
soprano
A low female voice.
A low male voice.
A high female voice.
A high male voice.
12
Classical Key Dates
1600-1750
1820-1910
1910-present
1750-1820
13
Balanced; even phrases: question phrases are followed by answer phrases.
Baroque Melody
Classical Melody
Romantic Melody
14
sacred
A large-scale secular vocal work.
Music written for religious purposes.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
15
An ornament in which the target note and the note above are rapidly alternated.
mordent
turn
trill
16
fortissimo
Moderately loud (mf)
Very loud (ff)
Very; very loud (fff)
Loud (f)
17
Baroque Key Dates
1910-present
1600-1750
1750-1820
1820-1910
18
Simple and repetititve; heavily ornamented.
Classical Melody
Baroque Melody
Romantic Melody
19
accent
A sudden loud accent (sfz)
When a note or chord is emphasised (>)
20
secular
A large-scale secular vocal work.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
Music written for religious purposes.
21
gradation
Sudden change in dynamics.
Gradual change in dynamics.
22
Romantic Tempo
Fixed throughout the movement.
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
23
Baroque Composers
Handel; Bach
Chopin; Schumann
Haydn; Mozart
Copland; Britten
24
oratorio
A large-scale secular vocal work.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
Music written for entertainment purposes.
Music written for religious purposes.
25
Dramatic; makes use of chromaticism.
Baroque Melody
Classical Melody
Romantic Melody
26
Ornament in which the target note is played; then above; then target; then below; then target.
turn
mordent
trill
27
contrapuntal
A single melodic line.
Melody & accompainment.
All lines moving together in harmony.
Many interweaving melodic lines.
28
Romantic Harmony
Chromatic. Use of extended chords.
Major and minor keys. Diatonic. Use of Ground Bass.
Use of Primary chords: I, IV and V. Diatonic.
29
A solo song sung freely to move the story on.
recitative
aria
chorus
30
extended chords
Uses only notes from the key.
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
Uses notes from outside the key.
31
A huge orchestral work in four movements.
Concerto Grosso
Theme & Variation Form
Ground Bass Form
Symphony
32
A piece of music in two sections; often described as AB.
Ternary Form
Binary Form
Rondo Form
Theme & Variation Form
33
monophonic
All lines moving together in harmony.
A single melodic line.
Melody & accompainment.
Many interweaving melodic lines.
34
countertenor
A male alto.
A young boy soprano.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
35
mezzo-piano
Soft (p)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Very soft (pp)
Moderately soft (mp)
36
inversion
Playing a melody backwards.
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
A repeating musical pattern.
37
crescendo
Gradually get softer.
Gradually get louder.
38
baritone
A male alto.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
A young boy soprano.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
39
Piccolos, contrabassoons, bass clarinets, harps, celestes. More brass and percussion.
Classical Instrumentation
Baroque Instrumentation
Romantic Instrumentation
40
mezzo-forte
Very loud (ff)
Very; very loud (fff)
Moderately loud (mf)
Loud (f)
41
tenor
A high male voice.
A high female voice.
A low female voice.
A low male voice.
42
alto
A low female voice.
A high male voice.
A high female voice.
A low male voice.
43
sforzando
A sudden loud accent (sfz)
When a note or chord is emphasised (>)
44
A piece of music in three sections; often described as ABA.
Ternary Form
Symphony
Theme & Variation Form
Sonata Form
45
Classical Composers
Copland; Britten
Chopin; Schumann
Handel; Bach
Haydn; Mozart
46
Romantic Texture
Mainly homophonic.
Mainly contrapuntal.
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
47
Strings and woodwind; limited brass; piano and clarinet introduced.
Romantic Instrumentation
Classical Instrumentation
Baroque Instrumentation
48
Baroque Texture
Mainly homophonic.
Mainly contrapuntal; homophonic or chordal.
Mainly contrapuntal.
49
imitation
Devices which decorate a melody.
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
50
mezzo-soprano
A male alto.
A male voice between tenor and bass.
A female voice between soprano and alto.
A young boy soprano.
51
A piece of music in many sections; often described as ABACA...
Concerto Grosso
Ternary Form
Rondo Form
Theme & Variation Form
52
Baroque Tempo
Fixed throughout the movement.
Can change mid-movement/use of rubato/other descriptions.
53
homophonic/chordal
Many interweaving melodic lines.
Melody & accompainment.
All lines moving together in harmony.
A single melodic line.
54
An ornament in which a note is rapidly played before the target note.
acciaccatura
appoggiatura
55
diminuendo
Gradually get softer.
Gradually get louder.
56
pianissimo
Soft (p)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Moderately soft (mp)
Very soft (pp)
57
terraced
Gradual change in dynamics.
Sudden change in dynamics.
58
Gradation.
Romantic Dynamics
Classical Dynamics
Baroque Dynamics
59
sequencing
Repeating a section of a melody at a higher or lower pitch.
Devices which decorate a melody.
When a melody is exactly repeated in another part.
60
An ornament in which a note is played before the target note; taking up half of its value.
acciaccatura
appoggiatura
61
diatonic
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
Uses notes from outside the key.
Uses only notes from the key.
62
Mainly strings; harpsichords; organs; and woodwind such as recorders and oboes
Baroque Instrumentation
Classical Instrumentation
Romantic Instrumentation
63
opera
Music written for entertainment purposes.
Music written for religious purposes.
A large-scale sacred vocal work.
A large-scale secular vocal work.
64
chromatic(ism)
Uses only notes from the key.
Adding additional notes onto a triad such as 7ths and 9ths.
Uses notes from outside the key.
65
An ornament in which the note above or below the target note is quickly visited.
turn
trill
mordent
66
Wider range from fortissimo to pianissimo. Use of sfzorando and accents.
Baroque Dynamics
Romantic Dynamics
Classical Dynamics
67
piano
Very soft (pp)
Very; very soft (ppp)
Moderately soft (mp)
Soft (p)
68
A solo song used to express the thoughts/feelings of the character.
aria
recitative
chorus
69
rubato
A Romantic performance instruction mean 'agitated'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'sweetly'.
A Romantic performance instruction meaning 'lovingly'.
Performer pushes & pulls the tempo: literally 'robbed time'.
70
Romantic Composers
Chopin; Schumann
Copland; Britten
Haydn; Mozart
Handel; Bach
71
Written for a solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra.
Solo Concerto
Theme & Variation Form
Symphony
Concerto Grosso
72
Varying melodies and harmonies sit on top of a repeating bassline.
Sonata Form
Binary Form
Ground Bass Form
Rondo Form
73
Romantic Key Dates
1750-1820
1600-1750
1820-1910
1910-present
74
Terraced.
Romantic Dynamics
Classical Dynamics
Baroque Dynamics
75
retrograde
A repeating musical pattern.
Playing a melody backwards.
Turning the intervals upside down in a melody.
