Why are independent schools criticised?

parents are subsidised through the tax system, many experience favourable treatment through taxes, parents have little/no concern for the state system, privilege is bought for children and perpetuates inequality

Strand found in 1999 that...

traveller and white w-c are the least attaining ethnic group, disadvantaged black+white kids didn't make expected progress

Which is a criticism of Illich's theories of the hidden curriculum?

says that kids can't judge the worth of what they are told, suggests that kids may not engage in conscious rebellion

Which of these are criticisms of interactionalist theory on education?

studies are small scale and maybe not representative, teachers/pupils create constructs that don't reflect society

Which of these are historical reasons for the education system?

child labour prevention, training in cultural values, economic trade, public health

Why does postmodernism reject modernity?

nothing is certain except change

What did Feinstein (2003) find with the British Cohort Study of 2007?

w-c kids with good scores at 22 months were later overtaken, test scores at 22 months predicted attainment at 26 years

What does Althusser say about schools?

schools form a part of the ideological state apparatus

Marxist feminist Kelly (1987) looked at..

gendered roles in books and the hierarchy of school

What does postmodernism believe about the functionalist goal of unifying society?

they believe it leads to oppression and persecution

Why is liberal feminism criticised?

it isn't critical enough of the male domination of topics

Which of these are criticisms of the Marxist theory on education?

does education really prepare people for work?, overlooks structural inequality relating to ethnicity/gender, it ignores that education is a route to a better life, it sees teachers as agents of the middle class-this is naive

Goodacre (1986) found that...

working-class kids were undermarked by teachers

What did Boaler find in the UK and USA?

pupils in mixed-ability classes do better than in streamed

The Avon Longitudinal Study of 2011 found...

a link between a diet high in fat and reduced intelligence

Marxist feminist MacGabe (2014) looked at..

invisibility of women in curriculum - symbolic annihilation

Archer (2007) pointed out that...

failure to maintain style left youths without status, the poor worked long hours to afford consumer goods

Which of these are criticisms of functionalism theory on education?

they blame under-achievement on a lack of hard work, they are too accepting of inequalities, they don't explain why inequalities exist, who's norms and values are being passed on?

Which of these are criticisms of Hargreaves labelling theory?

studies are small and observation so evidence isn't reliable, ignores that kids are active in making choice to work or not, doesn't account for why labels develop

Wright (1992) found that teachers viewed...

Black-Caribbean boys as low academic potential, Asian girls as submissive

Becky Francis says that...

boys are less positively labelled in schools than girls

How was Lewis' work reinterpreted?

it influenced New Right thinking, policymakers may argue methods to help the w-c had no value, parents offered poor socialisation to their kids

According to Chua, tiger parents are...

Chinese parents who won't accept failure

What does Bourdieu say objectified capital is?

access and ownership to social markers

Durkheim is in favour of education because...

it's essential to help build social cohesion

What is the cultural difference theory proposed by Rose (1999) and Francis and Hey (2009)?

the gov can ignore deprivation by looking at cultural issues

What did The Swan Report of 1985 recommend?

schools should promote multi-cultural Britain

What does Bourdieu say institutional capital is?

signifiers of authority and power

Marxist feminist Culley (1986) looked at..

girls being made to feel uncomfortable in male-subject areas

Smith and Noble (1995) said that...

poor parents can't afford material resources

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EDUCAS/WJEC Sociology - Education

128 termsStudBud Administration10 plays

Sociology A Level Education, EDUCAS/WJEC.

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Questions 128

Answers

1
Who found that behaviour was a factor in ability streaming in comprehensive schools?
Ball
Mac
Rosenthal
2
Who says schools sort + sift so those with the best exam results are able to get the best jobs?
Murdoch
Parsons
Davis and Moore
Durkheim
3
Do postmodernists see the construction of knowledge as an active or passive process?
active
passive
4
Why are independent schools criticised?
parents are subsidised through the tax system
many experience favourable treatment through taxes
parents have little/no concern for the state system
privilege is bought for children and perpetuates inequality
5
Strand found in 1999 that...
traveller and white w-c are the least attaining ethnic group
chinese and Indian pupils did better than expected
disadvantaged black+white kids didn't make expected progress
6
Who said m-c girls opt for masculine subjects and w-c girls choose feminine subjects?
Clarricoates
Bernstein
Jackson
Gillies
7
Who says schools ensure students are equipped with the skills needed by the economy?
Oakley
Durkheim
Murray
Marx
8
Who found teachers who opposed racism still had stereotypical attitudes?
Song
Wright
Modood
Miraz
9
Which is a criticism of Illich's theories of the hidden curriculum?
says that kids can't judge the worth of what they are told
suggests that kids may not engage in conscious rebellion
10
Who says the issue isn't aspiration but knowledge of the routes to education and employment?
OFSTED
The JRTF
Rose
ESTYN
11
Which of these are criticisms of interactionalist theory on education?
studies are small scale and maybe not representative
teachers/pupils create constructs that don't reflect society
12
Which of these are historical reasons for the education system?
child labour prevention
training in cultural values
economic trade
public health
13
Why does postmodernism reject modernity?
we have already made movement to a more civilised world
freedom is a social construct
nothing is certain except change
14
In which country do teachers only teach 4 hours a day and are allowed 2 hours a week to train?
Sweden
Finland
Switzerland
15
What did Feinstein (2003) find with the British Cohort Study of 2007?
w-c kids with good scores at 22 months were later overtaken
test scores at 22 months predicted attainment at 26 years
16
What does Althusser say about schools?
they sort and sift children on ability
schools form a part of the ideological state apparatus
teachers label students and the students fulfil those labels
17
Who pointed to racist attitudes amongst teachers for racism within schools?
Miraz
Modood
Sewell
Gilroy
18
Marxist feminist Kelly (1987) looked at..
invisibility of women in the curriculum
gendered language in schools
girls being made to feel uncomfortable in male subject areas
gendered roles in books and the hierarchy of school
19
What does postmodernism believe about the functionalist goal of unifying society?
they agree with it
they believe it leads to oppression and persecution
20
Stuart Hall suggested a culture of resistance demonstrated by...
Pakistani kids
Indian kids
Black-Caribbean kids
Bangladeshi kids
21
Why is liberal feminism criticised?
it isn't a united theory
it is too deterministic
it isn't critical enough of the male domination of topics
22
Which of these are criticisms of the Marxist theory on education?
does education really prepare people for work?
overlooks structural inequality relating to ethnicity/gender
it ignores that education is a route to a better life
it sees teachers as agents of the middle class-this is naive
23
Goodacre (1986) found that...
working-class kids were undermarked by teachers
schools stream ability on behaviour, not academic ability
kids can and do reject negative labelling
24
What did Boaler find in the UK and USA?
pupils in mixed-ability classes do better than in streamed
pupils in streamed classes do better than in mixed-ability
25
How many Bangladeshi kids are EAL?
80%
60%
70%
90%
26
Which Marxist studied 12 working-class boys and found a counter-school culture existed? (70s)
Willis
Zaretsky
Althusser
Engels
27
Who found BME groups are more often found in lower sets in schools?
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Bowles and Gintis
Gillborn and Youdell
28
The Avon Longitudinal Study of 2011 found...
a link between lack of culture and reduced intelligence
a link between lack of exercise and reduced intelligence
a link between a diet high in fat and reduced intelligence
a link between lack of possessions and reduced intelligence
29
Marxist feminist MacGabe (2014) looked at..
gendered language in schools
invisibility of women in curriculum - symbolic annihilation
gender roles in books and the hierarchy of school
girls being made to feel uncomfortable in male subject areas
30
Archer (2007) pointed out that...
failure to maintain style left youths without status
the poor worked long hours to afford consumer goods
31
Which of these are criticisms of functionalism theory on education?
they blame under-achievement on a lack of hard work
they are too accepting of inequalities
they don't explain why inequalities exist
who's norms and values are being passed on?
32
Who said working-class parents don't value education and don't even read to their children?
Douglas
Durkheim
Murdoch
Bernstein
33
Which of these are criticisms of Hargreaves labelling theory?
studies are small and observation so evidence isn't reliable
ignores that kids are active in making choice to work or not
doesn't account for why labels develop
34
Who said 'laddish/clowning' behaviour is a self-destructive response to over-testing?
Miraz
Steinworth
Bernstein
Jackson
35
Wright (1992) found that teachers viewed...
Black-Caribbean boys as low academic potential
Asian girls as submissive
36
Becky Francis says that...
girls are less positively labelled in schools than boys
boys are less positively labelled in schools than girls
37
How many pupils in English schools are EAL?
20%
15%
10%
5%
38
How was Lewis' work reinterpreted?
it influenced New Right thinking
policymakers may argue methods to help the w-c had no value
parents offered poor socialisation to their kids
39
According to Chua, tiger parents are...
Chinese parents who demand only the best from students
Chinese parents who won't accept failure
40
Who found teachers making judgements on the base of class and appearance favoured m-c kids?
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Becker and Rist
41
Who found careers teachers gave different advice to working-class and middle-class pupils?
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Becker and Rist
Ciourcel and Kitsuse
42
What does Bourdieu say objectified capital is?
signifies authority and power
class identifiers
access and ownership to social markers
43
According to Hargreaves, how is status gained in anti-school subcultures?
by bullying other pupils
by not attending lessons
by challenging teachers
by not completing work
44
Durkheim is in favour of education because...
it raises children to be active participants in society
it's essential to help build social cohesion
it teaches capitalist ideology
45
What is the cultural difference theory proposed by Rose (1999) and Francis and Hey (2009)?
the gov can ignore cultural issues by looking at deprivation
the gov can ignore deprivation by looking at cultural issues
46
What did The Swan Report of 1985 recommend?
schools should challenge racism in the classroom
schools should promote multi-cultural Britain
schools should challenge their own institutionalised racism
47
Marxist feminist Oakley looked at..
gendered language in schools
invisibility of women in the curriculum
girls being made to feel uncomfortable in male subject areas
gendered roles in books and the hierarchy of school
48
What does Bourdieu say institutional capital is?
class identifiers
access and ownership to social markers
signifiers of authority and power
49
Marxist feminist Culley (1986) looked at..
girls being made to feel uncomfortable in male-subject areas
gendered roles in books and the hierarchy of school
gendered language in schools
invisibility of women in the curriculum
50
Smith and Noble (1995) said that...
restricted code prevents w-c from thinking like the m-c
poor parents can't afford material resources
51
How many pupils went to grammar schools after the 1944 education act was introduced?
1/5
2/3
1/4
1/3
52
Who studied language patterns among black Americans and said language doesn't limit thought?
Bernstein
Mac
Labov
Durkheim
53
What were the criticisms of Rosenthal and Jacobsen's research?
it was unethical
it was unreliable
it was unrepresentative
54
New Right solutions to school problems are...
reduce LA power on running of schools
encouraging employers into schools
increased testing, inspection and publication of results
to encourage competition between schools and pupils
55
Why does Chomsky criticise postmodernism?
it understates past diversity
it's empty of meaning and uses complex words to hide that
it describes society, it doesn't explain it
it offers no empirical evidence to support it
56
What does Sofia Miraz say about the labelling theory?
teachers positively label the children most like them
kids can and do reject negative labels
labels follow children around for the rest of their lives
57
Who found in the US that poor kids in fee-paying schools achieved better than in state schools?
Murray
Chubb and Moe
Hakim
58
Becker (1952)...
supported labelling
said w-c kids are undermarked by teachers
said schools stream on behaviour not ability
said kids can and do reject negative labels
59
What does Bernstein argue about restricted code?
restricted code limits cognitive development
middle-class families can use elaborated code when needed
working-class families rely on it
teachers use elaborated code so the w-c can't access info
60
Who was in favour of strict discipline in schools as offenders affect the entire social group?
Merton
Parsons
Durkheim
Murdock
61
What does the New Right say is the cause of under-attainment?
material deprivation
cultural deprivation
lack of ability or will to succeed
62
Who says school rules reinforce social cohesion and cultural norms?
Merton
Parsons
Murdoch
Durkheim
63
Mitos and Browne said boys are less inclined to be what in schools?
behaving
conscientious
64
Who chose random names in a study and told teachers those pupils would improve and they did?
Jones and Dindra
Bowles and Gintis
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
65
Which of these is the correct order of steps of Hargreave's labelling theory?
speculation, elaboration, stabilisation
elaboration, stabilisation, speculisation
elaboration, speculisation, stabilisation
stabilisation, speculation, elaboration
66
Why is radical feminist criticised?
it's too deterministic
it's too general
67
What are the functions of the education system?
make children active participants in society
sort and sift by ability
vocationalism
provide opportunities
68
men reject educational success as they distance themselves from all feminine areas of life
Jackson
Miraz
Francis
Durkheim
69
How many non EAL pupils qualify for FSM?
35%
25%
5%
15%
70
What did The Swan Report say about BME groups?
exclusion rates are higher for Black-Caribbean kids
exclusion rates are higher for white traveller kids
exclusion rates are higher for Bangladeshi kids
exclusion rates are higher for Pakistani kids
71
What does postmodernism believe is the role of education?
to empower pupils to achieve their personal goals
to teach capitalist ideology
to bridge the gap between home and society
72
Liberal feminists focus on...
socialisation into gender roles
gender discrimination within schools
equality of opportunity
73
Which Marxist says schools mirror society and teach children to obey authority?
Zaretsky
Willis
Bowles and Gintis
Engels
74
Gillies (2005) said w-c and m-c parents possessed what different types of cultural capital?
w-c offered strategies for bullying, m-c for attainment
w-c offered strategies for attainment, m-c for bullying
75
Which of these is an explanation of school failure?
LA were lacking as they weren't as focused as businesses
lack of discipline
teachers were indoctrinating students into Marxist views
active learning was deemed to fail
76
Why does Dawkins criticise postmodernism?
it's empty of meaning and uses complex language to hide that
it describes society, it doesn't explain it
it understates past diversity
it offers no empirical evidence to support it
77
Who criticised labelling theory for ignoring the importance of social structures in inequality?
Marxists
Postmodernists
Interactionalists
Feminists
78
What theory did Bowles and Gintis (1976) propose?
labelling theory (functionalism)
self-fulfilling prophecy (functionalism)
cultural reproduction theory (Marxism)
sort and sift theory (functionalism)
79
Who found careers teachers offered strongly gendered advice
Stanworth
Miraz
Sewell
Francs
80
who said the w-c have less culture as they have lower language skills so don't think as well?
Bernstein
Engles
Murdoch
Hakim
81
Which Marxist says schools are an ideological state apparatus?
Zaretsky
Engels
Althusser
Marx
82
Who said that teachers favouring pupils they believe are smart means they will likely succeed?
Willmott and Young
Mac and Ghaill
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Bowles and Gintis
83
Chua found that...
Chinese kids are amongst the highest achieving at GCSE
at GCSE Chinese kids on FSM perform better than the average
84
Strengths of interactionalist theory on education:
based on evidence, not theory unlike structural approaches
data is collected in schools + can be used by them to change
85
Why does Hill et al criticise postmodernism?
discourages research into structural issues
criticises education but offers no idea for improvement
some schools make staff redundant if critcial of policy
86
Sue Sharpe (1976) argued that gender differences in school...
reflect the creation of gender identity in the home
reflect the creation of gender identity
87
Marxist feminists say that...
men monopolise knowledge and teacher time
men dominate social spaces
men are aggressive towards progressive women
88
Who said that failing schools were turned into academies to attract more middle-class parents?
Gorad and Gerwitz
Chub and Moe
89
Which act introduced secondary education for all over 11's?
the 1946 education act
the 1944 education act
the 1945 education act
the 1947 education act
90
What do Marxists argue that school rules do?
teach capitalist ideology
raise children to be good workers
train children not to rebel
teach children to be active participants in society
91
Who says schools are too concerned with results + competition to think about social solidarity?
Murdoch
Durkheim
Gorad
92
Who says the effect of ability grouping on pupil attainment is limited?
Stanworth
Jones and Dindra
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Duckworth
93
What is the cultural reproduction theory?
schools mirror the workplace and train w-c kids for work
schools are a m-c institution + pass on capitalist ideology
schools socialise kids only to produce workers for society
94
Who introduced the sort and shift theory?
Zaretsky
Durkheim
Engels
Parsons
95
Who presented evidence to parliament that w-c underachievement was linked to social factors?
the association of school and college teachers
OFSTED
ESTYN
96
Which of these are criticisms of New Right views of education?
teachers claim the standards of some schools reflect poverty
exam results may be inflated
losing schools will only attract challenging pupils
97
What did the study 'deprivation and education' in 2009 find?
family stress was a significant cause of poor attainment
the w-c have no culture therefore no motivation to work hard
lack of resources was a significant cause of poor attainment
restricted code prevents w-c performing as well as the m-c
98
Who said in 2003 that a link exists between poor nutrition and poor attainment?
Feinstein
Durkheim
Murray
Sharpe
99
What does Ivan Illich say about the hidden curriculum?
it teaches children to accept authority without question
it teaches children to challenge authority
100
What did else Lewis find in his study of poor people in Mexico?
by age 7/8 children have absorbed their parents views
by age 6/7 children have absorbed their parents views
by age 4/5 children have absorbed their parents views
101
What is Bernstein's 'linguistic deprivation'?
restricted code for the m-c and elaborated code for w-c
restricted code for the w-c and elaborated code for the m-c
102
How many kids reported racist bullying in schools in 2013 according to childline?
1200
1500
1300
1400
103
Who said teacher view black Caribbean students negatively?
Wright
Goodacre
Ball
104
What does postmodernism believe about societal values?
teachers offer the values and agendas of the ruling class
teachers offer their own values and agendas
105
How many Black Caribbeans speak a different language at home than at school?
17%
7%
27%
37%
106
Modernity is...
the movement of society towards a more civilised world
the movement of society into an unpredictable world
107
Who said boys respond to exam pressure by forming a laddish subculture that rejects education?
Gillies
Lewis
Jackson
Ruddock
108
Who studied poor people in Mexico and identified a culture of poverty?
Teather
Browne
Mitos
Lewis
109
The ONS found that kids have how much higher chance of poor grades if their dads underachieved?
5%
7.5%
10%
2.5%
110
Who for the JRTF found poorer families have weak learning environments and fewer materials?
Goodman and Gregg
Willmott and Young
111
Why does Parsons say the education system is the bridge between the home and society?
schools teach us particularistic values
schools teach us universal values
112
Which of these are a criticism of Bowles and Gintis' theories on education?
they're hypothetical
they see schools as a conspiracy against the working-class
113
Who said boys prefer not to be seen revising so it is left to last minute or not done at all?
Bourdieu
Gillies
Ruddock
114
Why is Willis' findings criticised?
data was falsfied
findings were unrepresentative
it was found to be fundamentally flawed
he saw the boys as w-c heroes but they were sexist + racist
115
What is Bourdieu's cultural capital?
the m-c have more resources to do better
the m-c have knowledge and use it to benefit their children
116
Which of these are educational changes since 1979?
giving financial control to governors not the LA
development of the national curriculum
more frequent inspections
additional funding for better performers
117
How many EAL pupils are from low-income families?
11%
41%
21%
31%
118
Which of these are strengths of Marxists theories on education:
provides an explanation of class differences in education
it challenges functionalist theory
shows some pupils have better opportunities
highlights the ideological role of formal education
119
What does Bourdieu say is embodied capital is?
access and ownership to social markers
signifies authority and power
class identifiers
120
Who said schools stream kids on behaviour no on their ability?
Ball (1981)
Goodacre (1986)
Becker (1952)
Miraz
121
Why does Miraz criticise labelling theory?
it's too deterministic
it overlooks the importance of social structures
it doesn't explain why labels develop
122
Which of these is an aim of education according to the New Right
to endorse a capitalist society
to encourage a meritocratic society
123
Miraz (1992), Sewell (1997) and Coard (1971) found...
attitudes to race in society were very different from today
most modern school are highly sensitive to racial issues
124
Who found that teachers praise boys more and this unconsciously tells girls they aren't valued?
Bowles and Gintis
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Jones and Dindra
Wilmott and Young
125
Who introduced the idea of male anti-school subcultures?
Jackson
Bernstein
Willis
126
McCabe studied books published between 1900+2000 +found how many had female central characters?
41%
11%
21%
31%
127
Who said boys now experience a 'crisis of masculinity' due to women entering the workplace?
Wilmott and Young
Mac and Ghaill
Rosenthal and Jacobsen
Bowles and Gintis
128
Government policy and parliamentary select committee research in 2014 found that...
w-c girls outperform m-c boys
w-c kids rated as outstanding are 2x as likely to get 5 A-C

EDUCAS/WJEC Sociology - Education Flashcards | StudBud