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Psychology Research Methods Flashcards | StudBud
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Psychology Research Methods
Psychology Research Methods
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#psychology #alevel #researchmethods #research #methods
Flashcards
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1
What is a naturalistic observation
Researcher becomes part of the group they are studying
Watching&recording behaviour in a structure environment
Watching&recording behaviour in the setting it would occur
2
What is a strength of an unstructured interview
high social desirability bias
Easier to build a rapport
More flexibility
Easy to replicate
3
Test of difference. Ordinal. Repeated Measures. Which statistical test?
Wilcoxon
Spearman's Rho
Chi-Squared
Mann-Whitney U
4
what is a evaluative point of non-participant observations
More danger of them 'going native'
Less danger of them 'going native'
5
Strength of primary data?
Does not require a lot of planning
Quick and easy to obtain
Fits the purpose of the particular investigation
out-dated
6
What type of data do questionnaires give?
Quantitative
Qualitative
Both
7
Which part of a content analysis uses qualitative data
Coding
Thematic analysis
8
Is this a leading question
No
Yes
9
What are the measures of central tendency?
Mean, Median, Mode
Range, Standard Deviation
10
What is a type 1 error?
Incorrect rejection experimental hypothesis (false negative)
Incorrect rejection of null hypothesis (false negative)
Incorrect rejection experimental hypothesis (false positive)
Incorrect rejection of null hypothesis (false positive)
11
Test for correlation. Ordinal data. Which statistical test?
Spearman's Rho
Wilcoxon
Sign Test
Chi-Squared
12
Which amazing teams anthem is this?
Chelsea
Liverpool
Westham
Man United
13
what is a strength of a lab experiment
High external validity
High control over extraneous variables
High mundane realism
Demand Characteristics
14
What is not an aim of peer review
Allocate research funding
To show P's what to expect from the study
To suggest amendments or improvements
To Validate the quality and relevance of research
15
Which in an example of a natural experiment
Romanian Orphan
Strange Situation
Milgram's Shock Study
Stanford Prison Experiment
16
What does the standard deviation tell us?
The average result
The most occurring result
How far scores deviate from the mean
The spread of scores
17
What is the correlation co-efficient for this graph (assuming it is a perfect correlation)
+2
-1
-2
0
18
what is meant by operationalisation?
Clearly defining variables in terms of measurement
Giving the same instructions to all researchers involved
19
which of the following are key features of a scientific report?
Discussion
References
All of the above
Abstract
20
What is concurrent validity
can be generalised to other historical times/eras
appears to measure what it is supposed to measure
can be generalised to other settings
psychological measure relates to an existing similar measure
21
Who created the falsifiability theory?
Wundt
Rutter
Kuhn
Popper
22
What is a Natural experiment?
When researcher takes advantage of pre-existing variable
Takes place in a natural setting - researcher manipulates IV
IV based on existing difference between people
Conducted under high control - researcher manipulates IV
23
What are 4 BPS ethical issues
Informed consent, deception, protection, privacy
Informed consent, debrief, protection, privacy
24
What is qualitative data?
Data that is expressed in words and is non-numerical
Data that can be counted, usually given as numbers
25
Define counterbalancing
attempt to control order effects in repeated measures (ABBA)
attempt to control order effects in repeated measures (ABAB)
attempt to control order effects in independent design(ABAB)
attempt to control order effects in independent design(ABBA)
26
What is an extraneous variable?
Any variable that may affect the DV if not controlled
Variable that is measured
Guessing the aims of the experiment and behaving accordingly
Any variable that has affected the DV; so cause isn't clear
27
What type of scale is this
Likert Scale
Facism Scale
Canter Scale
Sliding Scale
28
When do we use a histogram rather than a bar graph?
When data is continuous rather than discrete
When data is discrete rather than continuous
29
What is the independent variable?
Variable that is measured by the researcher
variable that is highly controlled and remains same
Aspect of the experiment thats manipulated by the researcher
variable that affects the results
30
Order the levels of measurement
Ordinal, Nominal, Interval
Nominal, Ratio, Ordinal
Interval, Ordinal, Nominal
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval
31
Who is this man?
Lorenz
Adorno
Kuhn
Popper
32
Which of the following is not a directional hypothesis
Loud music causes you to exercise for longer
chewing gum whilst revising increases exam results
more money means happy sam
alcohol has an effect on reaction times
33
What type of distribution is this?
Negatively Skewed
Positively Skewed
34
Whos idea was the paradigm shift?
Kuhn
Popper
35
What is a thematic analysis
indirect study of behaviour by studying communicatations
analysis that involves identifying implicit/explicit ideas
36
Would this bar graph get full marks?
Yes
No
37
'Are you not unhappy in your job?' - What type of question is this?
Double-barrelled
Jargon
Double Negative
Leading
38
What is an overt participant observation?
Researcher part of group studying without their knowledge
Researcher not part of group studying with their knowledge
Researcher part of group studying with their knowledge
Researcher not part of group studying without knowledge
39
What is time sampling
Behaviours recorded at fixed intervals
Target behaviours recorded every time they occur
40
What is aquiesence bias
Tendency to tell the truth no matter how personal Q's are
Tendency to disagree with answers on surveys 'no-saying'
Tendency to agree with answers on questionnaire 'yes-saying'
Tendency to lie in structured interviews-social desirability
41
What does this video show?
Aquiesence bias
All of the above
Leading questions
Unstructured interview
42
What is the paradigm shift?
A set of shared assumptions& agreed scientific methods
Gathering evidence through direct observation&experience
Result of a scientific revolution; change of dominant theory
Theory cannot be scientific until it admits chance its wrong
43
What is not an evaluation of stratified sampling
Generalisable (most of the time)
Avoids researcher bias
Representative sample
It is quick to do in comparison to other techniques
44
What is the correlation of this graph
Negative
Positive
45
What is a systematic sample
when every nth member of the target population is selected
Select anyone who is willing or available
P's select themselves to be part of a study
Reflects proportions of strata in target/wider population
46
What is primary data
Info already collected by another researcher
Info obtained first-hand by the researcher
