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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
2
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
3
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
serial position effect
4
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
beta waves
5
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
6
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
triarchic
standardized
7
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
8
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
9
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
10
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
11
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
12
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
13
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
14
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
15
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
16
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
17
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
18
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
19
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
grapheme
holobase
20
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
21
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
22
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
a theory
overconfidence
hindsight bias
23
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
24
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
latent learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
25
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
26
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
experiment
27
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
28
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
29
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
30
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
31
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
32
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
projection
reaction formation
33
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
34
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
35
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
36
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
37
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
38
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
39
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
sight
balance
40
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
41
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
42
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
evolutionary
43
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
44
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
45
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
46
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
47
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
48
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
49
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
50
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
51
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
tolerance
52
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
53
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
rods
cones
cornea
54
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
55
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
56
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
57
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
58
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
health psychology
59
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
difference threshold
60
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
61
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
62
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
63
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
64
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
65
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pons
66
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
object permanence
universal ethical principles
67
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
68
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
William James
69
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
touch
smell
hearing
70
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
71
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
72
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
token economies
systematic desensitization
73
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
74
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
75
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
76
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
77
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
78
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
79
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
80
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
81
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
82
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
83
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
84
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
humanistic
85
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
IQ test
EQ test
86
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future
87
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
latency period
anal stage
phallic stage
88
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
89
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
90
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
91
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
PET
EEG
92
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
93
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
retina
iris
94
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
95
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
feature detectors
optic chiasm
96
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
theory Y
approach-avoidance
postconventional
97
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
neuroticism
98
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
99
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
100
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
101
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
synaptic cleft
terminal button
neurotransmiters
102
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
103
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
104
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
105
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
continuous
primary
106
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
107
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
culture
environment
108
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
109
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
110
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
111
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
112
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
113
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
114
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
115
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
in-group bias
individualism
116
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
117
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
118
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
119
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
120
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
121
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
122
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
123
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
124
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
125
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
126
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
127
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
rooting
Moro
128
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
129
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
130
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
episodic memory
131
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
132
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
133
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
134
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
135
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
136
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
social
behavioral
dispositional
137
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
138
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
139
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
140
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
141
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
142
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
143
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
144
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
range
standard deviation
145
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
standard deviation
range
median
146
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
147
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
148
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
149
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
150
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
95
50
68
151
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
152
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
153
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
154
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
attachment
assimilation
155
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
156
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
normally distributed
variances
outliers
157
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
158
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
159
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
fundamental
situational
internal
160
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
161
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing