Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

The minimal effects model believes that:

Media reinforces existing beliefs

What is the main purpose of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)?

Deliver a clear and consistent message

Being open and honest with stakeholders

Economic integration helps:

Improve efficiency and competition

What does earned media typically include?

News articles featuring the brand

What does "mass media effects" refer to?

The influence media has on audiences

Trade creation means:

Shifting to more efficient producers

What is media regulation?

Rules and laws governing media practices

What is the experience curve?

Decline in cost with accumulated production experience

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

Business’s concern for society's welfare

The agenda-setting theory suggests that:

Media tells audiences what to think about

Which body regulates broadcast media in the U.S.?

FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

What is deceptive pricing?

Misleading customers about actual prices

A movement to increase the rights of buyers

What is price elasticity of demand?

Sensitivity of demand to price changes

Ethical dilemma arises when:

There is a conflict between personal and business values

Self-regulation means:

Media organizations monitor their own content

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MKT 2

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Questions 197

Answers

1
The first step in value-based pricing is:
Studying competitors
Analyzing production cost
Setting the price
Assessing customer needs
2
The encoding/decoding model is from:
Lazarsfeld
Gerbner
Stuart Hall
Katz
3
Market-skimming pricing means:
Setting a high initial price
Price matching with competitors
Discounting immediately
Offering free trials
4
TRIPS stands for:
Trading Rules in Public Sector
Trade-Related Internal Policies
Trade Regulations in Private Sector
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
5
The most basic form of economic integration is:
Economic union
Free trade area
Common market
Customs union
6
Common external tariffs apply in a:
Free trade area
Bilateral pact
Single market
Customs union
7
The minimal effects model believes that:
Media creates fear
Media reinforces existing beliefs
Media changes political systems
Media has strong influence
8
The WTO includes how many major agreements?
4
3
5
2
9
Copyright protects:
Facts
Historical events
Opinions
Original creative works
10
What role does honesty play in marketing?
Creates drama
Builds brand reputation
Increases prices
Encourages fake reviews
11
What is the main purpose of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)?
Maximize traditional advertising
Increase prices across all media
Deliver a clear and consistent message
Focus only on online marketing
12
WTO agreements are:
Legally binding
Temporary
For rich countries only
Voluntary
13
Which pricing strategy adapts prices to different customers or locations?
Uniform pricing
Break-even pricing
Cost-plus pricing
Segmented pricing
14
Transparency means:
Tracking competitors
Advertising in TV
Being open and honest with stakeholders
Reducing quality
15
Economic integration helps:
Block foreign investment
Increase tariffs
Improve efficiency and competition
Restrict trade
16
Which theory sees media as reinforcing power structures?
Two-step flow
Uses and gratifications
Cultural studies
Agenda-setting
17
The WTO is headquartered in:
Brussels
Paris
New York
Geneva
18
What does earned media typically include?
Paid influencer campaigns
Sponsored YouTube ads
Corporate websites
News articles featuring the brand
19
The term “mass society” refers to:
Ancient communities
A society influenced by media
Audience without media
A group of elite thinkers
20
What does "mass media effects" refer to?
The influence media has on audiences
The quality of mass media content
The cost of producing media
The variety of media platforms
21
Trade creation means:
Reducing imports
Trade diversion
Shifting to more efficient producers
Increased tariffs
22
Which of the following is a CSR initiative?
Donating to local charities
Hiring celebrities
Using plastic only
Expanding globally
23
Which code helps guide journalists in their ethical duties?
SPJ Code of Ethics
Copyright Policy
Internet Law
Advertising Guide
24
What is media regulation?
Rules and laws governing media practices
Selecting content
Creating news
Broadcasting freely
25
Embedding journalists in military units raises concerns about:
Bias and objectivity
Cameras
Ratings
Salaries
26
WTO agreements cover:
Arms trade
Internal politics
Only agriculture
Goods, services, and IP
27
What is the experience curve?
Increase in price over time
Customer satisfaction curve
Curve of product popularity over time
Decline in cost with accumulated production experience
28
What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
Avoiding government rules
Reducing worker salaries
Business’s concern for society's welfare
Creating corporate ads
29
Who introduced the term “media ecology”?
Noelle-Neumann
Hall
McLuhan
Gerbner
30
A monetary union implies:
No trade
Floating exchange rates
Common currency
Same political system
31
What is the role of PR in the promotion mix?
Generating favorable publicity
Creating viral memes
Paid endorsements
Creating direct sales
32
Misleading product labels are:
Acceptable
Good marketing
Standard
Unethical
33
The agenda-setting theory suggests that:
Media is not influential
Media tells audiences what to think
Media tells audiences what to think about
Media ignores public opinion
34
The highest decision-making body in WTO is:
General Council
The Secretariat
Dispute Panel
Ministerial Conference
35
Aims of WTO include:
Restricting imports
Facilitating smooth trade flow
Promoting monopolies
Raising tariffs
36
Promotional pricing includes:
Long-term price cuts
Temporary price reductions
Seasonal demand shifts
Price hikes during holidays
37
Which body regulates broadcast media in the U.S.?
FTC
FBI
CIA
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
38
A market with few large sellers is called:
Monopolistic competition
Free trade
Pure competition
Oligopoly
39
What is deceptive pricing?
Displaying prices clearly
Offering coupons
Misleading customers about actual prices
Promoting sales
40
Which of the following is an example of paid media?
Company blogs
Social media shares
Press coverage
TV advertisements
41
Cultivation theory was developed by:
George Gerbner
Marshall McLuhan
Paul Lazarsfeld
Noam Chomsky
42
What is consumerism?
Selling luxury items
Avoiding regulations
A movement to increase the rights of buyers
Promoting ads
43
Which research method is used to measure long-term effects of media?
Content analysis
Focus group
Longitudinal study
Survey
44
The EU is an example of:
Economic union
Monetary zone
Free trade area
Customs union
45
Which pricing approach starts with customer needs?
Value-based pricing
Competition-based pricing
Cost-based pricing
Psychological pricing
46
WTO supports regional integration if:
It creates monopolies
It excludes LDCs
It complements global trade
It replaces WTO rules
47
A person who watches crime shows and believes the world is dangerous is experiencing:
Media literacy
Agenda-setting
Mean World Syndrome
Two-step flow
48
What is price elasticity of demand?
Relationship between price and cost
Sensitivity of demand to price changes
Customer loyalty
Distribution flexibility
49
Ethical dilemma arises when:
Profits rise
Sales drop
Market share increases
There is a conflict between personal and business values
50
Which of the following is not a principle of the WTO?
Predictability
Trade without discrimination
Freer trade
Restricting market access
51
Self-regulation means:
Media organizations monitor their own content
Audience censors content
Publishers stop printing
Government controls all media
52
Which of the following is protected under free speech?
Political opinion
Libel
Hate speech
Slander
53
Conflict of interest occurs when:
News is late
Personal interest affects professional duty
Reporters are friends with sources
Deadlines are missed
54
A key benefit of personal selling is:
Minimal resource use
One-way message delivery
Immediate national coverage
Flexibility and direct feedback
55
Economic integration means:
Cultural exchange
Reduction of trade barriers among countries
Military alliances
Immigration policies
56
Dynamic pricing means:
Fixed rate for every transaction
Adjusting prices continually
Legal minimum pricing
One price for all markets
57
A well-designed message should:
Avoid emotional appeals
Use multiple languages
Be complex and academic
Be consistent across platforms
58
Inelastic demand means:
Demand barely changes with price
Demand changes a lot with price
No demand at all
Prices cannot change
59
Which is a form of direct marketing?
Banner ads
Kiosk marketing
Trade display
PR campaign
60
Which country is not a founding member of WTO?
USA
Canada
Russia
UK
61
Product bundle pricing is:
Offering combined products at reduced price
Flexible pricing based on volume
Pricing by customer segment
Selling products separately
62
Optional-product pricing involves:
Unbundled items at discount
Variable cost pricing
Random pricing choices
Base product with additional extras
63
Geographical pricing involves:
Pricing for bulk orders
Time-based pricing
Pricing based on customer location
Setting price based on production cost
64
What is censorship?
Suppression of speech or content
Media framing
Media education
Audience analysis
65
WTO members must publish trade regulations to ensure:
Complexity
Bias
Transparency
Secrecy
66
Subsidies that distort trade are:
Promoted
Discouraged
Encouraged
Ignored
67
Which concept is tied to long-term business trust?
Ethics and transparency
Product placements
Sales promotions
Colorful packaging
68
What is the right to privacy?
The right to work
The right to control personal information
Property ownership
Free speech
69
An example of ethical reporting is:
Copying others' stories
Verifying facts before publishing
Sensationalizing tragedy
Using clickbait
70
A common market allows:
Free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor
Customs union only
Fiscal independence
Only free trade
71
Brexit represents:
WTO withdrawal
New customs union
A case of disintegration
EU expansion
72
What is plagiarism?
Citing references
Quoting sources
Using someone’s work without credit
Reporting facts
73
Competition-based pricing sets prices based on:
Competitor strategies
Distribution channels
Customer behavior
Brand loyalty
74
What does captive-product pricing refer to?
Locked-in contracts
Products bought together, like razors and blades
Products with limited stock
Illegal pricing
75
One goal of integration is:
Economic development
Arms trade
Religious harmony
Local protection
76
Trade diversion refers to:
Replacing low-cost imports with higher-cost ones from partners
Attracting FDI
More exports
Creating jobs
77
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA):
Is a military alliance
Aims to unite African markets
Only for oil producers
Replaces WTO
78
Unethical marketing can lead to:
Improved employee relations
Better media coverage
Lower taxes
Loss of customer trust
79
Ethical journalism should be:
Accurate, fair, and independent
Biased
Political
Fast and emotional
80
Which is an ethical issue in advertising?
Celebrity endorsement
Fair pricing
Misleading claims
Packaging design
81
NAFTA is now replaced by:
MERCOSUR
USMCA
TPP
CAFTA
82
Dispute settlements involve:
IMF
NGOs
Panels and appellate bodies
Military sanctions
83
Libel is:
Political speech
Written defamation
Hate speech
Verbal abuse
84
What is noise in communication?
Distortion during message delivery
Background music
Targeted feedback
A feature of direct marketing
85
What should be avoided in ethical marketing?
Listening to feedback
Exploiting customer fears
Clear communication
Authentic branding
86
What is a characteristic of an active audience?
They only use print media
They obey all media messages
They interpret and react to media differently
They ignore media
87
Which of the following is a function of PR?
Content marketing
Personal selling
Price optimization
Lobbying
88
GATS deals with:
Environmental standards
Trade in services
Trade in agriculture
Anti-dumping measures
89
What does cost-based pricing focus on?
Customer experience
Product value perception
Advertising effectiveness
Production and distribution costs
90
Which market type has many buyers and sellers with identical products?
Pure competition
Oligopoly
Monopolistic competition
Monopoly
91
Structural adjustment is needed in:
Social services
Environment
Less competitive sectors after integration
Military
92
What is the main purpose of sales promotion?
Immediate purchase incentives
Brand storytelling
Regulatory compliance
Build long-term image
93
Opinion leaders are:
Advertisers
Politicians
Media producers
Influential individuals who interpret media for others
94
Developing countries in WTO:
Cannot access TRIPS
Must pay higher tariffs
Have no benefits
Get special treatment
95
MERCOSUR is located in:
Africa
South America
Europe
Asia
96
Which of the following is a major factor influencing pricing decisions?
Color of the product
Marketing intermediaries
Customer perception of value
Factory location
97
Media effects research began intensively during:
The Cold War
The internet era
The 1980s
World War I
98
The WTO Secretariat:
Decides disputes
Makes laws
Provides technical and legal support
Enforces tariffs
99
What’s the goal of ethical marketing?
Focus on short-term profits
Build trust and long-term relationships
Avoid feedback
Increase market share only
100
A socially responsible company will:
Avoid recycling
Reduce carbon footprint
Increase packaging waste
Cut corners
101
What is product line pricing?
Pricing different products the same
Setting price steps within a product line
Fixed pricing for services
Selling products in a bundle
102
Media framing refers to:
Visual editing
The way media presents an issue
Creating fake news
Encoding messages
103
What is defamation?
Political analysis
Criticism
False communication damaging someone’s reputation
News reporting
104
Transparency in media means:
Being open and honest about sources and intentions
Broadcasting 24/7
Avoiding criticism
Using digital tools
105
Cultivation theory proposes that:
Audiences are unaffected
Media has no lasting effect
Media only entertains
Heavy media consumption shapes perception of reality
106
What is ethics in media?
Audience preferences
Moral principles that guide media professionals
Legal rules
Technology guidelines
107
A free trade area:
Removes tariffs among members
Has common currency
Requires same tax policies
Eliminates migration controls
108
Ethical companies are more likely to:
Retain loyal customers
Lose profits
Ignore customer service
Be penalized
109
Direct marketing is known for being:
Controlled by government
Delayed-response
Mass-focused
Personalized and interactive
110
Spiral of silence suggests people:
Are always outspoken
Avoid expressing unpopular opinions
Don't consume media
Only follow influencers
111
A major advantage of advertising is:
High flexibility for real-time change
Low cost for customized messages
Ability to reach large audiences
Deep customer relationships
112
What is prior restraint?
Copyright violation
News being printed in advance
Government preventing publication before it happens
Media delaying news
113
Comparative advertising involves:
Celebrity endorsement
Comparing with competitor products
Emotional branding
Community-based messaging
114
Online marketing is part of:
Publicity
Direct marketing
Personal selling
Sales promotion
115
Which media theory focuses on audience needs and motivations?
Agenda-setting
Hypodermic Needle Theory
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Spiral of Silence
116
What is target costing?
Reducing costs through automation
Designing a product to meet a target cost
Setting price based on market share
Targeting wealthy customers
117
Which model describes audiences as being manipulated by powerful media?
Agenda-Setting Theory
Magic Bullet Theory
Cultural Studies Model
Two-Step Flow
118
What is selective retention?
Forgetting everything
Remembering messages that align with beliefs
Being told what to believe
Creating media content
119
Which of the following violates media ethics?
Using multiple sources
Publishing private photos without consent
Reporting facts
Interviewing experts
120
Codes of ethics in media aim to:
Decrease staff
Encourage bias
Increase views
Maintain integrity and accountability
121
GATT focused mainly on:
Environmental protection
Trade in goods
Services and investments
Monetary policies
122
WTO allows regional trade agreements if:
They replace WTO rules
They exclude all non-members
They are secret
They do not raise barriers for outsiders
123
Trade liberalization under WTO leads to:
Higher protectionism
More trade barriers
Nationalization
Reduced tariffs and open markets
124
What is owned media?
Paid newspaper advertisements
Government reports
Media content shared by users
Media directly controlled by the company
125
The principle of MFN (Most-Favored-Nation) treatment requires:
Giving special treatment to developing countries
Treating all trading partners equally
Blocking non-members from access
Imposing tariffs on all goods
126
The ASEAN is an example of:
Political bloc
Regional economic integration
Military pact
Currency union
127
Shared media includes:
In-store promotions
Word-of-mouth and viral content
Investor reports
TV commercials
128
An important WTO principle is:
Export licensing
Import bans
Non-discrimination
Domestic preference
129
Trade promotions aim to:
Support end consumers
Attract media attention
Advertise new media
Motivate resellers
130
National treatment under WTO means:
Preferential treatment to national products
Equal treatment between foreign and domestic goods
Exemption of taxes for imports
Licensing of exports
131
Preferential trade agreements are:
Rejected by WTO
Allowed under certain conditions
Strictly prohibited
Always multilateral
132
What does the two-step flow theory emphasize?
Media has no influence
Audiences receive information directly from media
Media effects are only long-term
Media influence flows through opinion leaders
133
What advertising message style uses a fictional character?
Personality symbol
Technical expertise
Slice of life
Lifestyle
134
Economies of scale result from:
Tariff barriers
Local monopolies
Larger market size
Closed borders
135
Regionalism can lead to:
Less transparency
Higher tariffs
Deeper cooperation among members
Global trade wars
136
Disadvantages of integration may include:
Isolation
Increased inflation
Loss of policy independence
Reduced trade
137
What type of advertising introduces a new product?
Endorsement
Persuasive
Informative
Reminder
138
A key disadvantage of cost-based pricing is:
Ignores consumer demand
Unpredictable costs
Too much market research required
Complex calculations
139
Which of the following is NOT a tool of the promotion mix?
Advertising
Public relations
Direct marketing
Product development
140
Which of the following is an example of selective exposure?
Being influenced by opinion leaders
Avoiding media
Watching all kinds of content
Watching only news that supports your beliefs
141
What is price in marketing terms?
The value exchanged for a product or service
The amount paid to suppliers
The cost of production
The advertising budget
142
The principle of transparency in WTO ensures:
Bilateral trade only
Predictable trade policies
Non-disclosure of rules
Flexible import restrictions
143
Mean World Syndrome is associated with:
Agenda-setting
Media literacy
Cultivation theory
Minimal effects theory
144
Regional integration affects:
Only investors
Cultural values
Domestic producers and consumers
Police
145
A customs union allows:
Political unity
Free labor movement
Common external tariffs
Separate trade policies
146
Reminder advertising is most suitable for:
B2B marketing
Niche products
New product launches
Mature products
147
What is media literacy?
Avoiding news
The ability to analyze and evaluate media content
Creating films
Being addicted to media
148
In the communication process, encoding refers to:
Channel selection
Translating thoughts into symbols
Feedback measurement
Understanding the message
149
Ethical ads should:
Be exaggerated
Avoid facts
Hide terms
Be truthful and not misleading
150
What is the role of the sender in the communication process?
Sends the message
Evaluates the campaign
Receives the message
Analyzes market segments
151
Which is a pricing strategy for new products?
Seasonal pricing
Loss leader pricing
Predatory pricing
Skimming pricing
152
What is value-based pricing?
Setting price based on perceived value
Pricing based on competitors
Based on production cost only
Based on historical data
153
What is a journalist's main duty?
Promote brands
Support government
Entertain the audience
Inform the public truthfully
154
The hypodermic needle theory suggests that:
Media messages are injected directly into passive audiences
Media has no effect on the public
Media content is mostly educational
Audiences are active participants in media
155
The long-term success of integration depends on:
Natural resources
Cultural similarity
Military strength
Political will and institutional capacity
156
Market-penetration pricing aims to:
Maximize profit early
Raise brand prestige
Set a low price to gain market share
Attract the high-end market
157
Advertising is characterized by:
Unpaid communication
Paid, non-personal communication
One-on-one selling
Personal, high engagement
158
Stronger integration can enhance:
Immigration barriers
Tariff increases
Bargaining power in global negotiations
Political rivalry
159
An economic union requires:
Free travel
Harmonized economic and fiscal policies
Private banks
Cultural identity
160
According to Stuart Hall, audiences:
Are not influenced
Are passive consumers
Actively decode messages
Always interpret media the same way
161
Which media type has the highest expressive potential?
Radio
Telephone
Television
Print
162
WTO allows trade restrictions:
Without reason
To protect inefficient industries
For health, security, and environment reasons
For all domestic demands
163
Deep integration includes:
Coordination of regulations and standards
Border control
Political debates
Visa-free travel
164
Decoding in the encoding/decoding model means:
Interpreting media messages
Creating content
Ignoring media
Editing films
165
Customs unions are:
Part of TRIPS
Permitted under WTO rules
Only allowed in Europe
Forbidden by WTO
166
Which of the following is an example of regulation?
Banning obscene content on TV
Ratings system
Social media posts
Academic publishing
167
Multilateralism is different from regionalism because it:
Includes global cooperation
Reduces FDI
Involves fewer countries
Is informal
168
The First Amendment in the U.S. guarantees:
Right to privacy
Freedom of speech and press
Intellectual property
Advertising rights
169
What is ethical marketing?
Offering free trials
Practicing honesty, fairness, and responsibility in marketing
Giving discounts
Redesigning logos
170
In B2C markets, which promotion tool is most emphasized?
Trade discounts
PR
Personal selling
Advertising
171
The Eurozone is:
UN members
EU countries using the euro
All EU countries
WTO members
172
Anti-dumping measures:
Are regulated under WTO rules
Are banned
Are ignored
Are illegal
173
Reference prices refer to:
Prices of competitor products
Prices used in legal disputes
Prices buyers carry in their minds
Wholesale prices
174
What is by-product pricing?
Pricing for extra features
Pricing unused inventory
Setting prices for secondary products
Promotional discounts
175
Ethics in marketing leads to:
Reduced effort
Customer loyalty and long-term success
Quick scams
Lower costs
176
What is media priming?
Filtering fake news
Media prepares audiences to think a certain way
Media always entertains
Removing media bias
177
What distinguishes personal selling?
One-to-many communication
Use of mass media
Low cost
Interpersonal interaction
178
Who developed the two-step flow theory?
Paul Lazarsfeld
Stuart Hall
Marshall McLuhan
George Gerbner
179
The WTO was established in:
2000
1995
1986
1991
180
One benefit of integration is:
Higher transport costs
Market fragmentation
Access to larger markets
Less productivity
181
In monopolistic competition, firms:
Offer identical products
Differentiate their products
Are regulated by the government
Face no competition
182
Intellectual property refers to:
Real estate
Creations of the mind with legal rights
Fake news
Physical property
183
The WTO replaced which of the following:
IMF
OECD
World Bank
GATT
184
A whistleblower is someone who:
Frames politicians
Exposes wrongdoing within an organization
Creates news
Advertises products
185
Which is not one of the WTO's agreements?
GATS
GATT
IMF Agreement
TRIPS
186
The spiral of silence theory was proposed by:
Stuart Hall
McLuhan
Gerbner
Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
187
Which law limits false advertising?
FTC Act
FOIA
SPJ Code
First Amendment
188
Which is a consumer promotion tool?
Business gifts
Coupon
Lobbying
Trade show
189
The WTO dispute settlement mechanism:
Is optional
Is compulsory and binding
Has no enforcement
Depends on the UN
190
What is ethical sourcing?
Buying materials responsibly
Focusing only on cost
Sourcing from cheapest suppliers
Ignoring origin of materials
191
What is sensationalism?
Academic writing
Fair coverage
Exaggerating news to attract attention
Neutral reporting
192
What is a push strategy?
Encouraging retailers to promote products
Using only digital channels
Using promotions to attract end-users
Pulling consumers through media
193
Slander is:
Broadcasting
Advertising
Written defamation
Spoken defamation
194
A monopoly exists when:
Customers dictate prices
One seller dominates the market
Sellers compete on service
There are many competing brands
195
Which tool in PR helps attract attention to new products?
Trade shows
Press releases
Sales contests
Sponsorships
196
Public interest refers to:
Political bias
Private news
Advertiser needs
Media serving the needs of society
197
What is psychological pricing?
Pricing for organizations only
Pricing to trigger emotional buying
Price based on logic and data
Legal compliance pricing

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