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Final Review Environmental Science
Final Review Environmental Science
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Final Exam Review
Flashcards
58 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Chemicals that cause cancer are called
hazardous
teratogens
neurotoxins
carcinogens
2
Day-to day conditions in Earth's atmosphere, such as "sunny and humid," describe
biome
weather
climatograph
climate
3
In aquatic ecosystems, net primary productivity is related to
the speed at which the water moves
available at sunlight and nutrients
waves and tides
whether the water is freshwater or salt water
4
Which zone of an aquatic ecosystem tends to have more life--both producers and consumers?
aphotic zone
benthic zone
photic zone
all have roughly the same amount of life
5
Disease that has appeared for the 1st time or has existed, but is increasingly spreading is
called emerging
called infectious
called environmental
called pandemic
6
Wolves are reintroduced into an area. The # of elk & other prey species within the park are:
a density dependent factor
an example of biotic potential
a limiting factor
a density independent factor
7
Which statement about science is true? It...
assumes the world has rules that don't change unpredictably
attempts to explain the mysteries of the supernatural world
says boiling point of water may be different in the future
deals mostly with things in the synthetic or unnatural world
8
When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about
90%
25%
50%
10%
9
What event in the mid-1700s significantly changed human population growth?
development of agriculture
Industrial Revolution
human settlement began
bubonic plague
10
Which diagram represents a population that is likely to grow rapidly in the future? Why?
B
C
A
11
Which organism probably exists in large numbers in this ecosystem? Why?
decomposers
primary producers
alligator
deer
12
What do the arrows represent?
breaking down organisms
energy flow
where the animals go
primary producers
13
"Energy star," "USDA Organic," & "Fair Trade Certified" are all examples of
market failure
non-market values
ecosystems
ecolabeling
14
Which form of transportation uses the most energy per passenger-mile?
bus
commuter rail
heavy rail
automobile
15
Which of the following is an example of quantative data?
The tulips smell nice
there are 3 tulips
the tulips are prettier than the roses
the tulips are red
16
This shows population cycles of a wolf and moose population. What is happening in the graph?
wolves prey on moose but population is controlled by moose
Wolf populations can only increase when moose increase
none of the above
moose prey on wolves, which are controlled this way
17
A cost-benefit analysis is a(n)
comparison between what's sacrificed & gained by an action
study of factors that influence decisions of buyers& sellers
economy in which the government decides what is made
equilibrium between a product's supply and its demand
18
Tigers living in a mountain are separated from other mountain regions in which they could live.
The mountains are an example of a(n) habitat fragment
The mountains are an example of a(n) mass extinction
The mountains are an example of a(n) invasive species
The mountains are an example of a(n) mass extinction
19
Which biome would have the highest net primary production?
coral reefs
boreal forest
savanna
desert
20
___life expectancy and ___infant mortality will produce the highest rate of population growth
low; high
high; high
low; low
high; low
21
Basic units of matter-the smallest units that keep chemical properties of an element are called
molecules
atoms
compounds
lipids
22
What products are created by the process of photosynthesis?
phosphorus and nitrogen
carbon dioxide and water
the sun's light and energy
oxygen and carbohydrates
23
Humans are generally
herbivores
detrivores
carnivores
omnivores
24
Which population has the highest proportion of reproductive individuals?
A
B
C
25
Which diagram most closely represents the United States? Explain
B
A
C
26
Infectious disease are caused by an organism such as a virus or bacterium, which is called a
pandemic
pathogen
carcinogen
toxicant
27
Viruses, bacteria & other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as
physical hazards
social hazards
chemical hazards
biological hazards
28
Discuss the implications of a reduced population of Everglades crayfish due to disease outbreak
direct effect on the alligator, deer, and decomposers
there wouldn't be any implications
direct effect on the raccoon, the pig frog, and the anhinga
effect grass shrimp and worms. They would lose a predator
29
Change in state where water returns to Earth's surface & changes from a vapor to liquid is
transpiration
condensation
recharge
evaporation
30
Which of the following describes the aphotic zone in an aquatic ecosystem?
no sunlight penetrates & photosynthesis can't occur
uppermost layer-there's enough sunlight for photosynthesis
the very bottom of a bodyof water
the shallow, near-shore zone
31
Why is water often called "the universal solvent"?
water can turn into a solid form
it solves most of the world's environmental problems
it can dissolve many other molecules
water is a type of solution
32
Identify one food chain represented in this ecosystem
plants, deer, bobcat
plants, pig frog, bobcat
alligator, moorhen, plants
all the above
33
In which of the following countries would individuals have the largest ecological footprints?
China
Thailand
Canada
India
34
What term is used to describe birds that travel north to breed and travel south in the winter?
immigration
population growth
migration
emigration
35
What ocean zone begins at the edge of a continental shelf & extends outward into deeper water?
intertidal
littoral
open ocean
neritic
36
A landslide causes some mountainside to fall, leaving bare rock. The area will experience
climax community
primary succession
tertiary succession
secondary succession
37
A person holding a sign during a protest against cutting down trees in a forest is a(n)
ecological footprint
environmental scientist
peer reviewer
environmentalist
38
The CITES & the Convention on Biological Diversity are examples of
laws to increase the number of species
treaties to protect biodiversity
polls measuring American opinion about biodiversity
organizations that promote poaching
39
Matter that organisms require for their life processes are called
decomposers
legumes
fertilizers
nutrients
40
Which strategy is used to estimate the # of individuals of different plant species in an area
sampling
indirect observation
simply counting each one
direct observation
41
Most major laws in modern US environmental policy were enacted in the
1980s & 1990s
years between 2000-2005
years between 2005-2010
1960s & 1970s
42
Giraffes, lions, zebras, hyenas, and all the other living things of the Serengeti make up a(n)
biosphere
population
community
ecosystem
43
Which country does the graph on the left most likey represent?
Germany
India
China
Bangladesh
44
The lithosphere is carried on a softer, but still firm, layer of rock called the
core
asthenosphere
crust
geosphere
45
What happens during the transitional stage of the demographic transition?
Birthrates begin to fall
Death rates begin to fall
Birth rates increase
Death rates increase
46
To manage, protect, and reintroduce threatened and endangered species are the goals of
conservation concessions
wildlife corridors
Species Survival Plans
biodiversity hotspots
47
Sustainable cities can
often help encourage sprawl
not make significant progress toward sustainability
are only successful in the developed world
help improve the standard of living for residents
48
Which is the highest population density of grasshoppers?
50 grasshoppers/30 m2
35 grasshoppers/10 m2
40 grasshoppers/20 m2
1 grasshopper/1 m2
49
Which types of people usually have a higher sensitivity to environmental hazards than others?
teenagers
none; all have equal sensitivity
infants
adults
50
Members of this organization in NYC work for peace & help solve economic, & humanitarian issues
World Trade Organization
European Union
United Nations
Kyoto Protocol
51
These graphs are called
demographic diagrams
age structure diagrams
life expectancy diagrams
infant mortality diagrams
52
About 65 mill. yrs ago, 95% of the planet's species were wiped out. The species that exist now
were not wiped out then
speciated because of separation from different populations
have potential to be as numerous as the old ones
evolved from surviving species to fill niches
53
Which is an example of a nonrenewable resource
wind energy
sunlight
geothermal energy
natural gas
54
What is one of the primary factors that draws people from rural areas to urban areas?
less pollution
heat islands
more open space
more jobs
55
Which is considered part of the environment?
people
buildings
all of these
forests
56
Which of the following is a principle of smart growth
focusing development outside of existing urban centers
building up, not out
protecting wildlife habitats
creating neighborhoods best suited for cars
57
The most respected results in science have passed through rigorous evaluation process involving
peer-reviewed journals
weekly newspapers
news magazines
web journals
58
The process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called
risk assessment
dose-response relationship
toxicology
epidemiology
