What are the three phases of Nida’s system of translation?

Analysis, transfer and restructuring

What are the meanings of Saussure’s terms langue and parole?

Langue is the system of language and parole is the individual utterances

What is a tertium comparationis?

A comparison against departure from meaning in an ST and TT may be gauged

What is Jakobson’s stance towards equivalence of meaning between languages?

All things are translatable except perhaps poetry

What are the two basic orientations’ of translation described by Nida?

Formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence

What are the types of meaning that Nida analyses?

Linguistic, referential and connotative meaning

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Equivalence and Equivalent Effect in Translation Studies

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Answers

1
What are the three phases of Nida’s system of translation?
Analysis, transfer and exegesis
Analysis, transfer and restructuring
Analysis, translation and back transformation
2
Which of Newmark’s types of translation corresponds to Nida's dynamic equivalence'?
Semantic translation
Communicative translation
Literal translation
3
Which of Koller’s types of equivalence corresponds to Nida’s 'dynamic equivalence'?
Connotative equivalence
Text-normative equivalence
Pragmatic equivalence
4
What are the meanings of Saussure’s terms langue and parole?
Langue is the system of language and parole is the individual utterances
Parole is the system of language and langue is theindividual utterances
Langue is written language and parole is spoken language
5
What is a tertium comparationis?
A comparison against departure from meaning in an ST and TT may be gauged
Formal equivalence
A translation that is used to create a dynamic equivalent
6
What is Jakobson’s stance towards equivalence of meaning between languages?
Linguistic relativity makes translation impossible
All things are translatable except perhaps poetry
The problem of cross-cultural difference often makestranslation impossible
7
What are the two basic orientations’ of translation described by Nida?
Formal equivalence and equivalent effect
Formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence
Formal correspondence and dynamic translation
8
What are the types of meaning that Nida analyses?
Structural, semantic and pragmatic meaning
Linguistic, referential and connotative meaning
Dictionary and emotive meaning

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