By avoiding excessive tillage, soil quality is enhanced by

minimizing loss of organic matter

Which one of the following choices involves an ethical decision?

deciding to allow trophy hunting that brings in money

Environmental justice is:

the social justice expression of environmental ethics

The difference between species diversity and species richness is that

richness is the # of species and diversity is the # and evenness of species

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a subsidy?

It keeps the price of what is being subsidized below the true market price

Some of the steps followed in the scientific method include

observe, formulate and test a hypothesis, compare results, and publish

The presence of coliform bacteria in a source of drinking water indicates

that it has been contaminated with human or animal waste

A nuclear chain reaction occurs

when released neutrons hit another atomic nucleus, causing it to split

The scientific method is the process that scientists use to

rigorously test the solutions to new questions

The goal of a deposit-refund program is to

encourage product recycling through the refund of a deposit

Which of the following pairs of events appear to be linked?

increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and lower pH in the ocean

What is an example of a negative impact of urban sprawl in the United States?

loss of tax base and deteriorating infrastructure in inner city areas

When making ethical decisions about environmental issues it is important to:

All of the options involve ethical decisions

The following are successful efforts on the part of the United Nation to deal with environmental issues EXCEPT

a treaty signed by a majority of countries to limit their population growth

Which of the following statements about municipal solid waste and a country’s economic status is correct?

High income countries produce more than low income countries

Which is an example of a stage in secondary succession?

a forest regenerating after a forest fire

accumulates from water that falls on the land’s surface

Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?

Birthrate must exceed death rate

Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it

irritates the lining of the respiratory tract

Modern monoculture agriculture

reduces genetic diversity in crops

Polar regions are warming faster than the rest of the Earth. This is likely to cause

many organisms will be able to expand their range toward the poles

Acid deposition is most likely to occur

down wind of a coal fired power plant

According to the IPCC, all of the following are likely to happen as a result of a warming planet EXCEPT

increased agricultural productivity

The second law of thermodynamics states that

useful energy is lost when converting from one form of energy to another

Which one of the following is NOT a power of executive branch of the U.S. government?

Overrule the decisions of the judicial branch of government

Which of the following statements about hazardous materials and toxic materials is correct?

All toxic materials are hazardous

Acute toxicity differs from chronic toxicity in which of the following ways?

Acute occurs with a one exposure, chronic requires repeated exposures.

Ground level ozone is

contributes to the formation of smog

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BIO 104 Final Review

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Questions 100

Answers

1
Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same
community
habitat
species
niche
2
Humans are subject to the same limiting factors as other species including
waste disposal
available raw materials
available energy
All answer choices are correct
3
Which of the following is NOT a typical soil component?
water
air
climate
bacteria
4
By avoiding excessive tillage, soil quality is enhanced by
increasing compaction
disrupting the lives of soil organisms
increasing the loss of organic matter, compaction and soil organisms
minimizing loss of organic matter
5
Which one of the following choices involves an ethical decision?
deciding to buy the cheaper of two similar items
All answer choices are correct
determining which one of two pieces of art is the best
deciding to allow trophy hunting that brings in money
6
Capacity of a community to remain largely unchanged even when faced with a potentially damaging disturbance is called
structure
stability
resistance
resilience
7
Which of the following is NOT a type of biomass?
fuel wood
plastic
agricultural crops
animal waste
8
Environmental justice is:
the social justice expression of environmental ethics
only applied to urban areas
a concept developed in the early 1900’s
only an issue in North America
9
The difference between species diversity and species richness is that
diversity is the # of species and richness is their evenness
richness is the evenness of species and diversity is the # of species
diversity is the # of species and richness is their relative abundance
richness is the # of species and diversity is the # and evenness of species
10
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a subsidy?
It keeps the price of what is being subsidized below the true market price
It places a value on everything, including aesthetics
It increases the demand for a product
It discourages technological innovation for environmental protection
11
Some of the steps followed in the scientific method include
write a dissertation and present the information at a scientific conference
observe, formulate and test a hypothesis, compare results, and publish
analyze historical events and offer your opinion of the key findings
interview many people about their reaction to current events
12
The presence of coliform bacteria in a source of drinking water indicates
that it has been contaminated with human or animal waste
that it has a high biochemical oxygen demand
that it contains toxic materials
that it is from a well
13
A nuclear chain reaction occurs
when the nuclei of several atoms split simultaneously
when released neutrons hit another atomic nucleus, causing it to split
when an atoms splits
when a rapidly moving neutron collides with an electron causing it to split
14
The scientific method is the process that scientists use to
rigorously test the solutions to new questions
photograph human behavior
evaluate student learning
study a crime scene
15
The goal of a deposit-refund program is to
use tax money to fund environmental cleanup programs
encourage product recycling through the refund of a deposit
inform consumers of the market choices
give companies the right to emit specified quantities of pollutants
16
Which of the following pairs of events appear to be linked?
increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and decreased temperature of Earth
increased sea levels and reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide
increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and lower pH in the ocean
melting glaciers and increased pH of the oceans
17
The energy released as water flows downhill from behind a dam is an example of
kinetic energy
potential energy
activation energy
hydroxyl ion formation
18
What is an example of a negative impact of urban sprawl in the United States?
increased cost of food
an increase in federal support for farmland preservation
decreased need for highways
loss of tax base and deteriorating infrastructure in inner city areas
19
When making ethical decisions about environmental issues it is important to:
recognize that organisms and ecosystems may have rights
consider the opinions of all stakeholders
consider how local decisions may affect distant environments
All of the options involve ethical decisions
20
One of the measures of biodiversity is the number of
different species in an area
unpaved roads in an area
rivers in an area
migration routes in an area
21
Communication is a central characteristic of the
scientific action
material conference
All answer choices are correct
scientific method
22
The following are successful efforts on the part of the United Nation to deal with environmental issues EXCEPT
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
the Paris Agreement on climate change
a treaty signed by a majority of countries to limit their population growth
a global agreement on the seriousness of the threat of ozone depletion
23
From an historical perspective, which one of the following causes the greatest alteration in people's lifestyle?
electric appliances
prefabricated housing
automobile
television
24
Which of the following statements about municipal solid waste and a country’s economic status is correct?
High income countries produce more than low income countries
High income countries have reduced the municipal solid waste they produce
Low income countries produce more than high income countries
The level of income is unrelated to municipal solid waste produced
25
Which is an example of a stage in secondary succession?
a forest regenerating after a forest fire
a new lake produced by damming a river
bare rock produced from a volcano
pure sand
26
Groundwater
is in porous rock and does not flow
accumulates from water that falls on the land’s surface
can only reach the surface if it is pumped
has no contaminants
27
Landfills are a significant source of
plastic for recycling
methane gas
metals
fertilizer
28
Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?
Birthrate must exceed death rate
Stabilization must occur
Mortality must exceed natality
Carrying capacity must occur
29
Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it
results in heart attacks
irritates the lining of the respiratory tract
decreases asthma rates
replaces oxygen in the blood
30
When energy is converted from one form to another, the loss of energy is usually in the form of
heat
water
fluorescent light
radioactivity
31
Scientists distinguish between situations that are merely correlated and those that are correlated and show
cause-and-relation
cause-and-effect relationships
relationships
None of the answer choices are correct.
32
Which of the following organisms is a producer?
grasshoppers
grass
decomposer
fungi
33
What does it mean when a solution has a low pH number?
It has a high number of hydroxyl ions
It is a catalyst
It is an acid
It is a base
34
Tropical rainforests are under intense pressure from
logging and agriculture
excessive rainfall
pollination and spreading seeds
lack of rainfall
35
Modern monoculture agriculture
prohibits the use of pesticides
reduces genetic diversity in crops
uses small fields
improves the nutritional quality of foods
36
Polar regions are warming faster than the rest of the Earth. This is likely to cause
increased area with permafrost
many organisms will be able to expand their range toward the poles
more air pollution in polar regions
longer days in polar areas
37
Acid deposition is most likely to occur
where the soil is already acid
down wind of a coal fired power plant
in mountainous areas
in forested areas
38
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the price of a liter of gasoline?
state and federal taxes
the cost of purchasing crude oil
the size of the gas tank
the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline
39
Sustainable development is much like:
preservationism
conservationism
environmental pragmatism
ecocentrism
40
According to the IPCC, all of the following are likely to happen as a result of a warming planet EXCEPT
increased risk of flooding
increased agricultural productivity
increased number of severe weather events
increased risk of illness and death due to heat
41
What is the term used to describe a shallow, partially enclosed area where freshwater enters the ocean?
estuary
abyssal ecosystem
mangrove swamp
coral reef
42
The second law of thermodynamics states that
all energy is either kinetic or potential
useful energy is lost when converting from one form of energy to another
energy can neither be created nor destroyed
energy is the ability to do work
43
Which one of the following is NOT a power of executive branch of the U.S. government?
Appoints who heads federal departments or agencies
Approve or veto a law passed by the legislative branch
Direct a federal department or agency to take a specific action
Overrule the decisions of the judicial branch of government
44
The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms are commonly referred to as
organic fuel
fossil fuel
wood
compost
45
Which of the following statements about hazardous materials and toxic materials is correct?
Only toxic materials can be hazardous
Hazardous materials and toxic materials the same
All hazardous materials are toxic
All toxic materials are hazardous
46
Acute toxicity differs from chronic toxicity in which of the following ways?
Acute toxicity results in death chronic toxicity results in serious illness
Acute toxicity has a low LD50. Chronic toxicity has a high LD50
Acute occurs with a one exposure, chronic requires repeated exposures.
Acute toxicity requires repeated exposure, Chronic exposure does not
47
For a nation to participate in the Industrial Revolution, they had to have
an automobile industry
a source of wood
a source of electricity
a source of coal
48
In addition to carbon dioxide which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
nitrogen
methane
carbon monoxide
oxygen
49
Ground level ozone is
contributes to the formation of smog
contributes to the increase in the ozone hole
not regulated
found only in rural areas
50
The two major factors influencing vegetation in biomes are
soil fertility and hydrology
day length and climate
precipitation and temperature
topography and soil type
51
The capacity of a community to return to its original state after being affected by a disturbance is called
efficiency
structure
resilience
stability
52
Proper soil conservation measures should be employed to minimize
channelization
strip farming
wildlife buffers
topsoil loss
53
The number of landfills in the US has decreased from 1989 to 2017 because
landfills are more expensive than incineration.
municipal solid waste is now being incinerated to produce electricity
the amount of municipal solid waste being generated has declined
small poorly run landfills have closed and current landfills are larger
54
The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of
evolution
social Darwinism
biogeochemical cycles
organic farming
55
Eutrophication occurs when
point source pollutants enter the groundwater
an industry returns heated water to its source
nutrient increase causes excessive aquatic plant growth
fecal coliform bacteria enters drinking water
56
Environmental problems associated with geothermal energy include
killing of birds, noise pollution, and is very expensive
being non-renewable, smells, and has large volumes of waste water
air pollution, corrosion of pipes, and may be toxic to fish
water and noise pollution and devastation of caribou herds
57
The effects of mixtures of chemicals causing hazardous materials is called
chronic toxicity
synergism
reactivity
cercla
58
The following statements about the significance of the United Nations are correct EXCEPT
the UN enforces its policies by fining countries who violate them
the UN successfully brought countries together eliminate CFCs
the UN regularly develops policy for worldwide environmental concerns
the UN cannot dictate to a country what to do to protect the environment
59
Economic growth and resource exploitation have historically been
undertaken with social and environmental concerns in mind
shown to carefully use natural resources
done with concern to land use planning
the orientation toward the natural environment in industriaized society
60
Repeatability in an experiment is important because
All answer choices are correct
it eliminates bias
it helps to support the initial hypothesis
independent investigators must be able to get the same results
61
In regions with _______, basic ions are leached from the soil and more acidic materials are left behind
high rainfall
low rainfall
permafrost
high temperatures
62
Which is NOT a step in the cost-benefit analysis?
identification of the project
determination of all impacts
determination of tradable emissions
calculation of the net profit
63
All of the following are true for lobbying EXCEPT
involves huge amounts of money
typically is concerned with the welfare of the public
attempting to alter the action of government for their benefit
involves the activities of nongovernmental organizations
64
Environmental problems associated with large hydroelectric dams include
global warming, ozone destruction, and private land rights
loss of farmland, destruction of aquatic communities, relocation of people
warming of water, reduced evaporation, reduced recreational opportunities
air and water pollution and higher crime
65
Ecologists refer to the maximum sustainable population for an area as
zero population growth
exponential growth
carrying capacity
lag phase
66
Natural selection is the process that determines
which scientist publishes their experiments
how active an animal is at night
who an individual mates with
which individuals will reproduce and pass on their genes
67
What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect?
detrital food chain
range of tolerance
natural selection
food web
68
Which of the follow pairs of terms are related to one another
confined aquifer and water table
groundwater and evaporation
groundwater and runoff
groundwater and aquifer
69
Biomagnification occurs most commonly in which organisms?
grasses
carnivores
trees
soil organisms
70
Which of the following causes desertification?
growing crops
flooding
overgrazing and cutting of trees for firewood
building of dams
71
Acid mine drainage occurs when
sulfur is released into the atmosphere during mining
oil is separated in a distillation tower
biomass is burned to generate methane
oxygen, water, and bacteria cause sulfur to form sulfuric acid
72
Which of the following situations is most likely to develop smog?
a large city in a valley with a cold climate
a large city in a valley with a hot climate
a small city on a mountain top with a cold climate
a small city in a valley with a cold climate
73
Environmental problems associated with wind power are
hazardous to birds, and visual pollution
vibrations causing earthquakes
transportation of electricity over long distances is required
only produce electricity when the wind blows
74
If fertilizers are applied just before a heavy rain
soils become saturated and there is over-growth in the plants
nutrients are carried into waterbodies and there is an algal overgrowth
macronutrients leach out and only micronutrients remain in the soil
a maximal amount soaks into the soil
75
The shift from using wood as a source of fuel to coal was caused
the start of World War I
by a decline in local supplies of wood
a decrease in coal prices
an increase in wood prices
76
Early towns were usually built
near rivers, lakes, and oceans
near rich farmland
None of these are correct
near railway centers
77
All of the following are involved in maintaining good soil quality EXCEPT
practices that limit compaction of the soil
growing only one kind of crop for several years
planting different crops in a field in different years
adding manure or crop residue into the soil
78
Which of the following would be considered low-level radioactive waste?
clothing worn by those who work in nuclear industries
transuranic nuclear waste
spent nuclear fuel rods
waste from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants
79
Hydroelectric power plants are most commonly located near
artificial reservoirs
estuaries
nuclear-power plants
coal-powered plants
80
In addition to northern latitudes, patches of tundra-like plant communities are also found
on mountain tops
in bogs
in cold deserts
in marshes
81
How do rich countries typically differ from poor countries?
higher fertility, lower infant mortality, more education
higher fertility, higher infant mortality, more education
lower fertility, lower infant mortality, more education
lower fertility, lower infant mortality, less education
82
Landfills have been a source of contamination of
agricultural produce
coastal regions
parks and recreational sites
groundwater
83
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the loss of wetlands in the US?
Wetlands were used as parks and wildlife refuges
The value of wetlands was not recognized
Wetlands were considered unhealthy
The wetlands were drained for development or farming
84
Scientists usually experiment by collecting data
from their relatives
from as large a sample as possible
from one source only
only from other researchers and comparing their results
85
Which of the following fossil fuels causes the least environmental problems?
natural gas
tar sands
coal
oil
86
Since fossil fuels are ____________, as they become ______ the price _____.
non-renewable; available; fluctuates
renewable; scarce; rises
non-renewable; scarce; rises
abundant; available; falls
87
A measure of the land area required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population is referred to as the
ecological impact
human dependent footprint
human impact
ecological footprint
88
The leading conflict over recreational land use occurs because
some activities need more land than others
wilderness land is being sold to ranchers
some activities require monetary investment
There are different opinions about appropriate recreational use
89
The price and availability of chemical fertilizers is strongly influenced by
the amount of rain received in any given growing season
the price a farmer receives for his crop
the price of oil on the world market
the amount of animal manure available
90
Which of the following was a primary contributor to suburban growth?
loss of jobs on farms
high rural land cost
people wanted to be closer to where they worked
rising automobile usage
91
All of the following are true of genetically modified organisms EXCEPT
cannot be sold as organic
always increase the nutritional value of food
can be designed to resist herbicides
typically has new genes added
92
Which of the following materials was rare in municipal solid waste 50 years ago?
food waste
paper products
plastic
yard waste
93
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
It results in an increase in the ozone hole in the stratosphere
It combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide
It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen
It is carcinogenic
94
All of the following facts support the concept of a warming climate EXCEPT
the growing season of crops has increased
sea level has increased
volcanoes are more frequent
ice sheets are thinner and glaciers are retreating
95
Process of removing radioactive fuel, locking up and shutting down a nuclear power plant?
demolition
decommissioning
nuclear chain reaction
nuclear regulation
96
The use of facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment is called
sustainable development
negligible risk
risk assessment
risk management
97
The role of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government is to
enforce laws
enact laws
interpret laws
sign laws
98
All of the following processes are part of the hydrologic cycle EXCEPT
precipitation
evapotranspiration
saltwater intrusion
flow of water to the oceans
99
The following are criteria used by the US Department of Transportation to determine if it is a hazardous material EXCEPT
any oxidizing substances
any liquid materials
any explosive materials
any flammable materials
100
Risk assessment consists of two primary considerations
risk and cost
risk and time
time and costs
issues involved and time

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