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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
EEG
PET
rTMS
2
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
3
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
4
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
5
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
6
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
95
50
68
7
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
8
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
9
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
bottom up processing
10
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
11
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
12
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
iris
blind spot
13
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
14
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
15
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
16
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
17
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
18
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
group polarization
19
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
20
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
21
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
22
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
23
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
client-centered therapy
24
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
secondary
partial
continuous
25
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
26
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
27
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
rods
cones
optic nerve
28
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
procedural memory
29
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
30
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
31
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
32
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
33
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
34
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
35
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
36
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
37
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
38
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
39
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
40
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
41
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
42
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
43
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
conscientiousness
44
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
45
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
46
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
47
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
48
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
49
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
standard deviation
inferential statistics
50
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
51
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
52
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
family
environment
53
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
54
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
55
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
56
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
57
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
lithium
SSRIs
L-Dopa
58
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
mean
median
standard deviation
59
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
external
internal
60
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
social roles
disinhibition
61
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
62
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
63
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
64
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
tolerance
dissociation
65
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
66
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
67
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
68
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
69
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
70
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
rooting
stepping
71
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
reaction formation
sublimation
projection
72
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
73
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
74
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
standardized
projective
75
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
touch
smell
hearing
76
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
77
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
78
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
79
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
80
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
81
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
82
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
83
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
84
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
85
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
86
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
87
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
88
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
89
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
90
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
91
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
92
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
93
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
94
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
95
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
96
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
optic nerve
fovea
97
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
98
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
99
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
100
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
101
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
102
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
103
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
in-group bias
104
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
105
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
106
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
107
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
108
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
109
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
110
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
hearing
balance
111
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
behavioral
pharmacological
structuralist
112
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
113
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
114
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
115
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
116
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
117
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
oral stage
anal stage
latency period
118
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
119
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
120
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
121
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
122
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
123
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
124
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
125
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
alpha waves
126
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
127
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
128
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
William James
129
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
130
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
131
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
132
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
closure
133
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
134
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
135
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
136
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
137
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
trait
psychoanalytic
138
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
139
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
140
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
morpheme
holobase
phoneme
141
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
142
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
143
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
144
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
145
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
146
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
147
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
remove : decrease
148
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
149
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
theory Y
postconventional
approach-avoidance
150
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
151
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
152
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
153
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
154
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
155
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
156
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed ratio
fixed variable
157
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
158
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
159
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
160
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum
sensory cortex
161
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
162
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
163
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s