A problem with flash memory is that (23)

The number of writes are limited

Immediate operands are (72)

Data located in the instruction itself

Intel's 1978 microprocessor, the 8086 had a 16-bit architecture with (150)

Fewer registers than are common now.

Normalized scientific notation (196)

Means the number left of the point is not zero

A major problem in measuring performance of a computer is (28)

It can be measured several ways

The reason the "ugly" Intel architecture has survived over the years is that (157)

It has huge market forces behind it.

The problem with one's-complement representation of negative numbers was (79)

It was more difficult to implement than twos-complement

An embedded computer is distinguished from other types of computers by the fact that it (6)

Primarily runs a single, predetermined application

The primary technology used in fabricating computer chips is (41)

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)

Instruction Set Architecture has to do with (22)

The interface between the lowest level software and hardware

Normalization is (205)

Adjusting the exponent so that the number is >=1 and

In determining the sign of the quotient, what rule must always hold? (193)

Dividend = Quotient * Divisor + Remainder

What is the primary difference between active matrix displays and liquid crystal displays? (17)

The active matrix display controls intensity of each pixel.

SPEC benchmarks are (46)

A long-standing set of standard test programs

In multimedia arithmetic, an overflow often results in (181)

Achieving a maximum value, but no greater

When floating point operations were introduced in the Intel processor line, (150)

They were not performed in the CPU itself.

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Assembly Midterm

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Questions 264

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1
Applications running on servers are particularly sensitive to (32)
Disk Performance
I/O Time
Cache Memory
The Amount of Main Memory
2
A problem with flash memory is that (23)
The number of writes are limited
It loses its memory when power is turned off
It is cheaper but slower than magnetic media
The bits are easy to write but difficult to read
3
Immediate operands are (72)
Data located in main memory
Data located in the instruction itself
Data located in cache
Data located in registers
4
What is the input to the Java Virtual Machine (131)
Dynamically linked libraries
Java source code
Java bytecode
MSIL
5
Intel's 1978 microprocessor, the 8086 had a 16-bit architecture with (150)
A single 16-bit register
An accumulator.
A hardware stack.
Fewer registers than are common now.
6
To move a unicode character from memory to a register, which MIPS instruction should be used?
lhu
lh
lw
lb
7
Normalized scientific notation (196)
Makes it difficult to multiply numbers
Applies to binary but not decimal numbers
Is widely used in integer calculations
Means the number left of the point is not zero
8
The time it takes a computer to complete a task is an example of (29)
Consistency
Response Time
Clock Frequency
Bandwidth
9
If four-byte alignment is required, at which address could an integer not be stored? (70)
0x0041000E
0x0041791C
0x00123454
0x00ABFEDC
10
What is the native, binary form of instructions used by the processor? (81)
Machine instructions
Assembly language
Intermediate Language
Byte Code
11
Two methods of indexing lists of numbers are (141)
Arrays and pointers
Increments and decrements.
Tables and arrays
. in-order and out-of-order
12
The role of the personal computer is now being replaced by the (7)
Wearable Computer
Super Computer
Cloud
Personal Mobile Device
13
Twos-complement is a method of (182)
Performing addition
Multiplying numbers
Expressing negative numbers
Adding logarithms
14
Silicon is a (25)
Insulator
Conductor
Semiconductor
Transductor
15
Intel's instruction set is characterized by (149)
Regularity.
Simplicity.
Backward compatibility.
Reverse engineering.
16
All MIPS instructions have (81)
Embedded memory addresses
A function code
Immediate data
Length of 32 bits
17
A major problem in measuring performance of a computer is (28)
It can be measured several ways
Laughing at a English translation of the instruction manual
It is impossible to match conditions from run to run
Variations in the manufacturing process
18
In single-precision binary floating point notation, the fraction is ______ bits long (198)
23
11
52
8
19
The length of a single-precision floating point binary number is ____ bits (200)
64
128
32
16
20
The reason the "ugly" Intel architecture has survived over the years is that (157)
It is not backward compatible.
Intel successfully lobbied for congressional support.
It followed IBM's market strategy.
It has huge market forces behind it.
21
When binary floating point numbers are multiplied, what does not happen? (206)
Exponents are made equal
Fractional parts are multiplied
The result is rounded
The result is normalized
22
The problem with one's-complement representation of negative numbers was (79)
It was more difficult to implement than twos-complement
There were more positive numbers than negative
There is no such thing as one's complement
It confused the programmers
23
An embedded computer is distinguished from other types of computers by the fact that it (6)
Has strict power requirements
Is built into an incredibly small space
Primarily runs a single, predetermined application
Must survive harsh operating conditions
24
Which action does a MIPS branch instruction not do? (254)
Subtract the contents of one register from another
Shift the immediate data left two bits
Sign extend the immediate data
Write to the register file
25
Which kind of parallelism is not discussed in computer organization and architecture? (10)
Circuit-Level Parallelism
Data-Level Parallelism
Thread-Level Parallelism
Instruction-Level Parallelism
26
What is the output of a Java compiler (131)
A .jar file.0
Java bytecode
Assembly instructions
Dynamically linked libraries
27
Which results in better performance? (34)
Increased CPI
Decreased CPI
Decreased Clock Rate
Increased Instruction Count
28
The contents of a memory in register $s1 may be expressed as: (64)
Regs[$s1]
4($s1)
Mem[$s1]
Mem[Regs[$s1]]
29
Adding sign-extended, shifted-left-2 immediate data to the program counter is done in the
ADDI instruction
J instruction
BEQ instrustion
JAL instruction
30
The LW instruction requires that ___ register(s) be read. (245)
Two
Zero
One
Three
31
The primary technology used in fabricating computer chips is (41)
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
NAND-flash
Tunneling
3D printing
32
Which MIPS registers should not be used by the programmer? (105)
$sp
$at
$ra
$v0, $v1
33
To refer to each of the 32 MIPS processor registers, an instruction needs (83)
6 Bits
5 Bits
4 Bits
32 Bits
34
Instruction Set Architecture has to do with (22)
The interface between the lowest level software and hardware
The size and shape of the computer
The layout of circuits on the CPU chip
Die Yield
35
Normalization is (205)
Adjusting the exponent so that the number is >=1 and
Setting the exponents so they are equal
The same as rounding
Converting the number from binary to hexadecimal
36
In determining the sign of the quotient, what rule must always hold? (193)
The remainder is always positive
The remainder's sign bit = XOR of the operands' sign bits
Dividend = Quotient * Divisor + Remainder
Sign of Remainder = sign of quotient
37
How many bits in a MIPS instruction are allocated for immediate data (84)
15
16
8
12
38
Inside the CPU, what activity does the datapath perform? (19)
Translates assembly instructions into binary code
Moves data to and from the central processor
Tells the memory what to do
Arithmetic operations
39
In binary, 1011 - 100 = (179)
11
1010
0x7
1100
40
Memory which retains its contents while powered off is called (22)
SRAM
Non-volatile
Volatile
DRAM
41
An invalid mathematical operation which can happen when computers do calculations is (189)
Arithmetic overflow
Adding zero to a negative number
Adding zero
Multiplying by zero
42
What is the primary difference between active matrix displays and liquid crystal displays? (17)
LCD pixels are more expensive than active matrix pixels.
The LCD makes its own light.
The active matrix display consumes less power.
The active matrix display controls intensity of each pixel.
43
Adjusting exponents and adding fractional parts describes (202)
Floating point multiplication
Integer addition
Floating point addition
Integer multiplication
44
Which of the following indicators are inversely proportional to performance? (31)
Execution time
Memory bits transferred per second
Bandwidth
Instructions per second
45
SPEC benchmarks are (46)
Unreliable because testers cheat
Obsolete because of recent innovations in chip design
A brand new way to measure performance
A long-standing set of standard test programs
46
Most liquid crystal displays (LCDs) now rely on ______ technology (18)
Amplitude Modulation
Advanced Module
Faster Raster
Active Matrix
47
Which number below is the hex representation of a negative floating point number? (202)
0xC0100000
0x10800000
0x20400000
0x08010000
48
In multimedia arithmetic, an overflow often results in (181)
a blue screen
Achieving a maximum value, but no greater
an exception
a black screen
49
The main reason for the shift from uniprocessors to multi-core processors was (40)
The Internet
The Power Wall
iPhones and iPads
Personal Mobile Devices
50
The first step in adding two floating point numbers is (205)
Compare the signs
Express the numbers in binary fractions
Make the exponents equal
Make the fractional parts equal
51
When floating point operations were introduced in the Intel processor line, (150)
Integer processing slowed down as a result
They did not affect the instruction set.
The instruction length was increased to 32-bits.
They were not performed in the CPU itself.
52
Machine A is 4x faster than machine B. B runs an app in 30 sec. How fast can A run it? (33)
10 sec
7.5 sec
120 sec
90 sec
53
Energy efficiency can be an important performance goal (50)
True
False
54
What best describes what a linker does? (124)
Calculates load parameters for the program.
Compresses executable code size.
Resolves references among separate code modules.
Ensures instructions are on 4-byte boundaries.
55
Which area of performance improvement is out of the scope of this course (9)
Programming Languages
Memory Systems
Algorithms
The I/O System
56
MIPS conditional branch instructions require the comparison of (90)
One register to zero
rs and rt
rs and rd
rt and rd
57
In single-precision binary floating point notation, the exponent is ______ bits long (198)
11
23
52
Eight
58
The iPad accelerometer and gyroscope (20)
Sense six degree-of-freedom motion
Significantly shorten battery life
Were originally in the iPad design but are now of little use
Provide three-axis information to the CPU
59
Instructions * CPI / GHz is (35)
Run time in seconds
Run time in nanoseconds
Average CPI
The number of instructions executed
60
The advantage of capacitive sensing is that (19)
It allows multiple touches to be detected at the same time
It allows you to point with toes as well as your fingers
It requires less power than other types of touch screens
It can more precisely locate the point of touch
61
Why do the addresses of integers stored in main memory need the last two bits set to 0? (69)
The cache can operate more efficiently
There is an alignment restriction
The data bus is only 30 bits wide
Data can be located anywhere in memory
62
How can a CPI of less than 1.0 be achieved? (39)
Shorter instructions
Issuing multiple instructions per clock cycle
Faster clock cycle time
Executing fewer instructions
63
A major difficulty in determining performance is that it (26)
Can be affected by other components in the computer
Is largely independent of the processor itself
Can be measured in different ways
Takes a long time to do accurately
64
How many five-bit inputs does the Register File have (253)
Two
Three
Four
Five
65
Negative numbers can be represented in binary (75)
True
False
66
In MIPS, data is moved to and from memory using (68)
R-type add and subtract instructions
I-type add and subtract instructions
Load and Store instructions
Branch instructions
67
Unlike in mathematics, floating point addition is not associative (229)
T
F
68
In a 32-bit register, overflow can occur when adding a positive and negative number (179)
F
T
69
If machines run the same program with the same CPI, what does execution time depend on? (38)
Number of Memory Accesses
Cache
Clock Cycle Time
The Paging Algorithm
70
The length of a double-precision floating point binary number is ____ bits (200)
128
16
64
32
71
The chip manufacturing process begins with (26)
Checking the wafer for defects
Photolithography
Slices of silicon about 0.1" thick
A silicon ingot
72
Cycles Per Instruction (CPI) must be an integer value (35)
True
False
73
The execution time of a program is related to (35)
The average CPI times the clock speed
The number of instructions times the clock speed
Number of instructions times the average CPI for the program
The number of instructions divided by the clock speed
74
A simple and efficient way to implement division is to (189)
use hardware to perform "grammar school" division
Group bits into fours and perform hexadecimal division
Run multiply hardware with reversed voltages
Look up the answers in a division table
75
What is the job of an assembler (15)
Run assembly code
Link together code modules into a single executable module
Translate assembly code into machine language
Translate source code in to assembly code
76
In general, a more complex instruction set means (148)
More compact code
Faster execution time
Shorter clock cycles
Lower cycles per instruction
77
A large number (more than 200) instructions were added to the intel instruction set (150)
In 1985 with the first 16-bit processor
Because of the demand for audio and video processing
In 1978 when the 8080 first went to market
In 2006 when silicon prices dropped.
78
Compilers need no assistance optimizing vector code for routines like matrix multiply (227)
T
F
79
Which is the most complex operation for floating point calculations?
Division
Subtraction
Rounding
Multiplication
80
Which is not a length of floating point data? (221)
8 bits
64 bits
32 bits
16 bits
81
Which instruction has a 26-bit immediate field? (270)
ADD
BEQ
J
ADDI
82
Which describe two steps in the chip fabrication process? (26)
Waxing and faxing
Slipping and shipping
Slicing and dicing
Testing and resting
83
To get a better picture of CPU performance (47)
A suite of benchmark programs is used
Customers are allowed to assess CPU performance on their own
Tests are run multiple times
Industry has standards for honesty and integrity in testing
84
Two important laws in computer performance are (19)
Amdahl's and Planck's
Moore's and Ampere's
Ampere's and Ohm's
Moore's and Amdahl's
85
The interface between low-level hardware and software is called (78)
The instruction set architecture
The interpreter
The operating system
Cache
86
The Arithmetic Logic Unit is not used for which set of instructions (246)
Branch (BEQ, BNE)
Load (LW, LH, LB)
J-types
Store (SW, SH, SB)
87
Besides cost, what is important in selecting a computer for a particular application? (29)
The speed of the network card
Limitations in performance
Range of power supply voltages the machine will tolerate
The size of the screen
88
Addition can be speeded up by (182)
adding smaller numbers
increasing the processor voltage
Performing add operations in parallel with more hardware
widening the address bus
89
Moore's Law (11)
Says to optimize tasks that are frequently performed
Underscores the importance of parallelism
Expects chip capacity to change about every two years
Says performance improvements are limited by the problem
90
To add two numbers, you would use what device? (252)
ALU
Control Unit
Cache
Branch control
91
Which is not a MIPS type of instruction? (82)
R
J
I
B
92
The ALU zero output is used in handling which instruction? (256)
SLT
JAL
BNE
ADD
93
Twos complement is (179)
A way to speed up multiplication.
A way of preventing overflow
A way of adding positive numbers
A way of representing negative numbers
94
Which of the following is a pseudoinstruction? (137)
move
lgb
add
addi
95
The vocabulary of the CPU is the (62)
Programs
Datapath
Instruction Set
Architecture
96
ARMS processors can load blocks of memory into multiple registers with one instruction (148)
false
true
97
What is not an advantage of high-level code (16)
It is closer to natural language
It allows machine independence
It improves programmer productivity
It produces the most compact run-time code
98
The standard for floating point notation is (198)
NFPA-1002
ASA-400
IEEE-754
ISO-9000
99
Processing data for multimedia, especially graphics, has led to (181)
three-color processors
wider cache buses
Long registers with carry partitions
quad-precision floating-point instructions
100
Current IEEE 802.11 wireless technology allows for data transfer rates of up to (24)
1 megabit per second
100 gigabits per second
10 megabits per second
1 gigabit per second
101
Which has the least lines of code? (226)
Optimized DGEMM written in C
Unoptimized DGEMM written in C
Optimized DGEMM written in conventional X86 assembly
Optimized DGEMM written in conventional AVX assembly
102
The easiest conversion is from (82)
Hexadecimal to decimal
Decimal to Binary
Hexadecimal to binary
Binary to decimal
103
In binary, subtracting a large positive number from a small positive number produces (75)
A zero in the leftmost bit of the result
An underflow condition
An overflow condition
A one in the left bit of the result
104
Using many adders to speed up division (194)
Works because of Moore's law
Won't work because decisions are made after the subtractions
Is difficult because the result is unknown
Works because fast multiplies can check the answe
105
Integer addition and subtraction use the same add-and-carry logic in the CPU. (178)
false
true
106
Which is not a difference between the MIPS and ARM processor (146)
The use of the zero register
The number of registers
The number of data addressing modes
The year of first product announcement
107
In binary, 1111...10001 - 1111...11000 = (180)
1000...01001
1111...11000
0000...01000
0xfffffff9
108
In a recursive procedure (101)
JAL is never used.
$ra does not have to be preserved.
Local storage must be allocated on the stack.
$t register values must be preserved
109
New instructions can be added to the instruction set without changing the compiler. (227)
T
F
110
What is the generic name of instructions which move data between the processor and memory? (68)
Memory Control
Branch instructions
Data transfer instructions
Arithmetic instructions
111
Which is not a characteristic of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) (20)
It operates on a slower clock than the CPU
It takes very little power
It is the most dense in terms of bits per area on a chip
It is one of the fastest types of random access memory
112
In MIPS Assembly Language, which is the instruction for a single-precision operation? (212)
smul
mul.s
adds
muls
113
ARM's NEON extensions (223)
Support 64-bit floating point numbers
Provide simultaneous multithreading support
Provide multimedia support
Support quad-precision calculations
114
Which is not a feature of the MIPS processor? (244)
The only memory accesses are the load and store instructions
Complex instructions are longer than simpler instructions
There are only two conditional branch instructions
The set arithmetic instructions are simple building-blocks
115
Intel's widest register is ____ bits wide (152)
512
128
32
256
116
Which device determines which instruction to read next? (253)
The PC
The control unit
The Write-back logic
The instruction Multiplexer
117
Computers write numbers to memory differently than characters (178)
true
false
118
The info. tech. industry accounts for about __ of the U.S.A.'s gross national product (3)
60
30
10
50
119
The jal instruction is unique because it also (97)
Always executes (i.e., it is not conditional)
Resets the $pc register
Writes to the $ra register
Does not update the program counter
120
The fastest access to data is via (64)
Main Memory
Disk
Registers
Cache
121
What is the vocabulary of commands understood by the processor? (62)
The intermediate code
The instruction set
The byte code
The assembly language
122
The abstract interface between the hardware and the lowest level of software is called the (22)
Machine design specification
Operating system
Application programming interface
Instruction set architecture
123
What is the output of a linker? (126)
Microsoft Intermediate Language.
Java bytecode.
Assembly language instructions
The binary executable.
124
You can calculate execution time by the formula (34)
Instructions x CPI / Clock speed
Instructions / (CPI Clock speed)
Instructions / CPI / Clock speed
Instructions x CPI * Clock speed
125
The two operands of the division process are (189)
The quotient and the dividend
Can be stored in conventional registers
The dividend and the remainder
The quotient and the remainder
126
The MIPS and ARM instruction sets differ widely on how they perform (147)
Register addressing.
Addition.
Multiplication.
Memory addressing.
127
Each ARM instruction begins with _____ (147)
Condition codes
Bits that tell the length of the instruction.
An indication of how long it is.
A valid bit.
128
Adding more cores to a processor will not improve performance if (49)
More cores means more power consumption
The cores are all the same size
No part of the program can be done in parallel with another
Program execution speed depends on the clock frequency
129
Which is not used in the execution of a BEQ instruction? (254)
Data memory
ALU
Register file
Sign extender
130
Which is the fastest way to convert an array index to a memory address location (144)
Shift right in hardware.
successive adds of four
shift left 2 in software
shift left 2 in hardware
131
What happens in edge-triggered clocking? (249)
Instruction execution determines when the clock pulse starts
The clock pulse starts on the falling edge
Combinational logic continues after the pulse
State is recorded on the rising edge
132
The sign of an integer divide is (192)
The AND of the dividend and divisor signs
The XOR of the dividend and divisor signs
The NOR of the dividend and divisor signs
he OR of the dividend and divisor signs
133
The MIPS instruction set has many more data addressing modes than the ARM set. (147)
true
false
134
The two parts of the integer division result are (189)
The quotient and the dividend
The dividend and the divisor
Stored in the HI and LO registers
The dividend and the remainder
135
In which situation does an overflow occur? (180)
Adding two negative numbers and getting a negative result.
Adding a pos and neg # and getting a neg result.
Adding two positive numbers and getting a negative result.
Adding a pos and neg # and getting a pos result.
136
Each time the cost of computing goes down (4)
The risks associated with processor failure increase.
It's more difficult for hackers to create effective exploits
The cost of big IT project failure goes up.
New opportunities put processors into new areas of life.
137
CPU A has a CPI of 3 and CPU B has a CPI of 2. What is the performance difference? (38)
1.5
0.67
It cannot be determined
0.33
138
Which is an example of improving bandwidth? (30)
More streamlined procedures for cashiers in the food court
Moving dorms closer class so students can get there faster
More open cashier lanes in the food court
Faster cash registers in the cashier lanes
139
The chip fabrication process begins with (26)
A Die
A Package
A Wafer
An Ingot
140
Which is not one of the eight great ideas in Computer Architecture? (11)
Make the Common Case Fast
Reliability via Redundancy
Fail Early
Performance via Pipelining
141
Dynamically Linked Libraries (DLLs) (129)
Tend to make programs take more space in memory
Are not linked until runtime.
. Are rarely used today because main memory is cheap.
Were invented by IBM in the 1960s.
142
Which device accepts 16-bit immediate data and produces a 32-bit output? (255)
The hazard detector
Program Counter
Register file
Sign Extender
143
The J instruction immediate field is _____ bits. (113)
16
28
26
15
144
The difference between ASCII and Unicode is (109)
Unicode can represent more characters than ASCII.
Unicode is used by Java and ASCII is used by Microsoft.
Apple only uses ASCII
ASCII is popular in foreign languages and Unicode is not
145
How many registers does a branch instruction read from the register file? (258)
Two
Five
Three
One
146
Inlining saves (138)
variables onto the stack.
Programmers from themselves
Space on the heap.
The overhead of a procedure call
147
AVX is (225)
Capable of performing 2 double-precision operations at once
Intel's Advanced Vector Extensions
AMD's improvement on Intel's SIMD instructions
Addition and Vector multiplication
148
Performance and execution time are (30)
Inversely Related
The Same Thing
Exponentially Related
Proportionally Related
149
Some character sets use 16-bit characters. The would be loaded by which MIPS command? (110)
LW
LBU
LHU
LB
150
Which instruction is commonly used for a subroutine call? (96)
beq
jal
bne
jr $ra
151
When MIPS detects an overflow condition a(n) _____ occurs (180)
branch
dump
halt
exception
152
The market in which Intel processors do not do well is (158)
Laptops
Cell phones
Web servers
Servers
153
On which of the following does execution time not depend? (34)
Clock Cycle Time
Number of Instructions Executed
Average Cycles per Instruction
Amount of System Memory
154
MUX is the abbreviation for which device? (247)
Multiplier
Memory access
Multiplexer
Memory storage
155
The general name for the unit used to operate on or hold data within a processor is called a
Memory bank
Pipeline stage
Register
Datapath element
156
Idling computers consume a tiny fraction of the power they use at full load (50)
True
False
157
Another name for the fractional part of a floating point number is the (204)
Numerator
Significand
Exponent
Denominator
158
Which is not a type of MIPS instruction? (113)
I-type
B-Type
R-type
J-type
159
A disadvantage of recursion is that it can consume a lot of (104)
Execution cycles
Memory on the stack.
Registers
Heap memory
160
The BEQ and BNE instructions are (90)
Not Jumps
Offsets
Unconditional Branches
Labels
161
The CPU time spent in the O.S. performing tasks on behalf of a program is called (32)
Wasted Time
User CPU Time
Execution Time
System CPU Time
162
The average number of clock cycles per instruction (CPI) in a program is an integer value
False
True
163
Which processor uses instructions which are of different lengths (155)
AMD
MIPS
Samsung
ARM
164
How many Branch instructions does the MIPS processor recognize? (90)
Four (BNE, BEQ, BEZ, BNZ)
One (BRN)
Two (BNE, BEQ)
Three (BNE, BEQ, BEZ)
165
What is the job of an assembler? (15)
It translates source code into byte code
Translates assembly instructions into machine instructions
It executes machine instructions
It optimizes loop structures
166
Storage and use of decimal numbers for computation in computers is (107)
Unpopular because the standards are complicated.
Becoming more likely with the advent of multicore processors
Sometimes useful in financial applications.
Never used anymore.
167
One of Hennessey and Patterson's design rules is (46)
Make the common case fast
Get the product to market as soon as possible
Memory is cheap
Make the instruction set as compact as possible
168
Execution time is the only valid measure of performance (52)
False
True
169
Registers in the current Intel processors are the same length (153)
false
true
170
In a 32-bit MIPS instruction, the location of bit 0 (the least significant bit) (74)
Is on the right
Depends on the instruction
Is on the left
Varies by memory manufacturer
171
The MIPS J instruction uses ______ addressing (116)
PC-relative
Shift right two bits
Replace bottom 28 bits of PC
Register
172
The compiler can affect CPI (39)
True
False
173
Which set of binary numbers are the two's complement of each other? (76)
00000001 11111111
00000011 11111100
00000000 11111111
00000001 00000000
174
Which is not a step in multiplying two floating point numbers? (209)
Multiplying the fractional parts
Aligning the exponents
Normalizing
Rounding
175
MIPS supports single-precision floating point, but not double-precision floating point (211)
T
F
176
A branch instruction is a(n) ____ instruction (113)
R-type
B-Type
I-type
K-Type
177
The iPad processor is the (21)
AMD Barcelona
ARM A5
Core i7
Intel Xeon
178
To create all conditions for branches, MIPS uses which set of instructions? (93)
j, jne, jeq, jal and the $zero register
sll, srl, beq, bne, and the $zero register
blt, bgt, lgbt
The $0 register, slt/slti and bne/beq
179
Which has the least influence on the performance of a computer running a program? (10)
The Power Supply Wattage
The I/O System and Devices
The Processor
The Algorithm Chosen
180
Which operation is unsupported in the ARM-7 instruction set? (146)
Shift right and left.
Divide
load halfword signed
atomic swap
181
The concept of cloud computing is most closely associated with (7)
Personal Mobile Devices
Transaction Processing
Warehouse Scale Computing
Vague Computing
182
MMX and SSE (224)
Are MIPS multi-media instruction extensions
Add about 150 instructions to the x-86 instruction set
Are Intel multi-media instruction extensions
Add about 100 instructions to the ARM instruction set
183
How is multiply overflow handled in MIPS? (188)
The sign-bit logic prevents overflow
The EPC register contains the result of the overflow
Software must check the hi half of the product
It triggers an exception
184
The C code "d = a - e" could be represented in MIPS assembly as (65)
sub $t0, $t2, $t1 #where d=$t0, a=$t1 and e=$t2
sub $t0, $t1, $t2 #where d=$t0, a=$t1 and e=$t2
SUB a, e, d
SUB d, e, a
185
Which of the following types of memory is nonvolatile? (23)
DIMM
DRAM
SRAM
Flash
186
After an exception, the EPC register contains (182)
The system exit instruction
The reason why the exception occurred
The location of the crash dump
the PC when the exception occurred
187
Negative exponents in floating point binary are represented as twos-complement numbers (200)
F
T
188
A key to the future of computation is (43)
Doubling the size of computer science programs
Understanding parallelism
Creating lower-power processors
Making computer science courses harder
189
The big problem with the switch to multi-processing is that (43)
Performance measures are very different
Programmers have to think differently
More heat-sinking is required
The chips are more difficult to manufacture
190
Understanding the hardware layer (8)
Is the Key to an Early Retirement
Provides for a Steady Income
Builds Character
Makes you a Better Programmer
191
What is the fastest way of saving a variable in the $a0 register (138)
Push it onto the stack
Write it to disk
Add it to $0 and store it in another register.
Use the $at register.
192
The Intel instruction set has special instructions for string move and string compare (154)
true
false
193
The most common use of processor arithmetic is for (184)
floating point multiplies
Address calculations
graphics calculations
calculating loop variables
194
For a given method, which language will have the most lines of code?
C#
Java
Assembly
C/C++
195
How many registers does an R-type instruction read from the register file? (258)
three-color processors
One
Two
Five
196
the NaN notion can result from (199)
Performing an operation with a NaN value
Incorrect use of associativity
A sign miscompare
Subtracting two numbers which are nearly the same
197
Which language will have the most lines of code to implement a sort algorithm? (66)
Assembly code
C#
Python
C++
198
When a program is loaded into memory, the text segment (104)
Contains the MIPS machine code
Holds the program's source code
Contains the MIPS machine code
Contains the word processor data for the text editor.
199
The total time required for a computer to complete a task, including overhead is called (29)
Absolute Time
Application Time
CPU Time
Execution Time
200
An increase in which of the following has the greatest effect on CPU power consumption (41)
Voltage
CPI
Capacitive Load
Switching Frequency
201
A terabyte is 2^___ bytes (5)
10
20
40
30
202
Early microprocessors which disappeared from the market did so because (158)
Insufficient address bits
Unreliable performance
Slow clock speeds
They were too expensive.
203
What MIPS registers bound the local variable storage area for a subroutine? (103)
The frame pointer and the global pointer.
$ra and $sp
The stack pointer and the return address.
The stack pointer and the frame pointer.
204
Which describes a symbol table? (125)
The list of ASCII characters used in the program code.
A list of all globally declared data in the program.
A table that contains no information.
A list of needed and supplied program locations.
205
The EPC register is used for (182)
performing a crash dump
handling environmental protection faults
Storing the PC when an exception occurs
resuming a halted program
206
Double precision floating point numbers may not accurately represent decimal numbers (218)
T
F
207
In the instruction "add $s0, $s1, $s2", $s1 and $s2 are (67)
Operands
Memory Locations
Outputs
Immediate Values
208
Because binary representation involves only 0's and 1's, carrying in addition is unnecessary.
F
T
209
With the arrival of multimedia applications in the late 1990s, Intel introduced (150)
Micropipelining.
Special registers for audio and video data.
A brand new microarchitecture.
Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) instructions.
210
The percentage of good dies on a wafer is called (27)
The Yield
Profit
The Success Rate
The Beneficial Margin
211
A sequence of instructions without branches in the middle is call a(n) (93)
Text
Code Segment
Basic Code Block
Subroutine
212
The typical MIPS immediate instruction (e.g., ADDI, SUBI) references how many registers? (72)
Three
Five
Four
Two
213
In general, Intel's arithmetic instructions (152)
A source and destination register be the same.
Are a feat of modern engineering.
Are not backward compatible.
Execute faster than others'.
214
If by mistake you divide a positive number by a negative number using unsigned divide
The remainder is the dividend
The remainder will be zero
An exception occurs
The quotient is zero and the remainder is the divisor
215
In twos complement notation, the most negative value is (79)
0x0001
0xfffe
0x8000
0x0000
216
Yield is primarily affected by (28)
N and P Doping
Etching Chemistry
Transistor Size
Wafer Defects
217
Machine Code optimized for speed has the fewest instructions (140)
true
false
218
Which is not a "great idea" in computer architecture? (12)
Pipelining
Memory Hierarchy
Branch Prediction
Flash Cache
219
Which is not a factor in CPU power consumption? (41)
Supply Voltage
Instruction Length
Switching Frequency
Capacitive Load
220
Which instruction is commonly used for a subroutine call? (96)
jr $ra
call
jump and link (jal)
j
221
Memory alignment means (69)
More than one word can be read from memory at once
Similar data items are placed next to each other in memory
Dynamic RAM is faster than Static RAM
The bottom two bits of a MIPS instruction address must be 0
222
A floating point number is composed of (197)
Sign, Extent
1 bit for the sign 8 for the exponent & 23 for the fraction
Sign, Characteristic, Mantissa
Exponent, Fraction, Logarithm
223
Multiple SPEC ratios are combined using (47)
The Arithmetic Mean
Logarithms
Covariance
The Geometric Mean
224
Which of the following does not result in performance gains? (45)
Higher Voltage Requirements
Prediction
Memory Hierarchies
Pipelining
225
While the C language is compiled and linked, the Java language is __________ (145)
Executed
Parsed
Compiled and Interpreted
Linked
226
The notion that integrated circuit resources double every 18-24 months is known as (11)
Ohm's Law
Amdahl's Law
Moore's Law
Boyle's Law
227
Performance is inversely proportional to execution time (30)
False
True
228
Which spreadsheet tools can read this sheet and export to xlsx format?
Excel
LibreOffice
Numbers
Google Docs
229
In the last 30 years, tech. revolutions begun by a new computer design were cut short by (3)
Laws
Foreign Competition
Even Faster Computers
Presidential Decree
230
Which instruction does the MIPS processor not have? (87)
Shift Left Logical (SLL)
ADDI
ADD
SUBI
231
The shamt field in the MIPS instruction is use for which instruction? (88)
SLLI
SLL
SLT
XOR
232
Which register is used in allocation of memory on the heap? (104)
$gp
$sp
The global pointer
$fp
233
The J-type instruction has an immediate field which is ____ bits long (113)
16
6
5
26
234
Which is not an element of the MIPS CPU (246)
Flash memory
Register File
Program Counter
Arithmetic Logic Unit
235
To adjust the stack pointer to make room for three 32-bit values,the correct instruction is(99)
addi $sp, $sp, 12
addi $sp, $sp, 0xfff4
addi $sp, $sp, 0xc
addi $sp, $sp, -3
236
The length of the product of an m-bit multiplicand and an n-bit multiplier is without sign bit
up to m + n bits
2m bits
64 bits
2n bits
237
Multiplying two 32 bit numbers (184)
Must be 64 bits long
Can overflow a 64-bit register
Cannot overflow a 32-bit register
Can result in a 64-bit product
238
When does combinational logic happen? (249)
After Instruction Fetch and before Instruction Decode
Between the rising edges of two adjacent clock pulses
During instruction Fetch
During Data Write
239
The rectangular area on a wafer containing the circuitry for a single chip is a(n) (27)
Mask
Imprint
Module
Die
240
The measure of the frequency of instructions of certain types across program(s) is the (39)
Instruction Mix
Instruction Set Architecture
Program Count
Average CPI
241
Which instruction field is 6-bits long? (82)
Imm
Op Code
Rs
Rt
242
Faster multipliers (188)
Perform shifts and adds sequentially
Use much higher clock speeds
Work better with smaller numbers
Are easier to implement than faster dividers
243
If subroutine A calls subroutine B (100)
Subroutine A is a leaf routine.
Subroutine B must preserve $ra.
Subroutine A must preserve $ra.
Subroutine A is a non-leaf subroutine.
244
Subword parallelism is another name for what happens in (222)
Unsigned addition
SIMD
Simultaneous Multi-Threading
Floating point multiply
245
The most popular instruction set for embedded devices is the _____ ISA (146)
MIPS
Motorola
Verilog
Acorn RISC Machine
246
Which signed byte has the smallest value? (95)
0x0f
0x80
0x01
0x7f
247
Which instruction calculates an address with the ALU and then uses that address in main memory?
ADDI
SLT
BEQ
LW
248
If one subroutine calls another, we must at least preserve (138)
The frame pointer.
The return address register
The $s registers
The $sp register
249
In binary, 1011 + 1 = (179)
11
0x1100
0x1010
0xC
250
The 64-bit ARM v8 is an extension of the design of the 32-bit ARM v7. (159)
true
false
251
A conditional branch is appropriate for (92)
A subroutine call
Termination of a program
Jumping to a new location
A loop
252
What operation wound combine 0x80000000 with 0xC0000000 to produce 0x40000000? (89)
NAND
XOR
XAND
NOR
253
Which is not in the hierarchical layers of a system? (13)
Systems Software
I/O Software
Applications Software
Hardware
254
Which memory is non-volatile? (23)
ROM
Main Memory
Cache
SRAM
255
Alongside the computer revolution is the ______ revolution (4)
Leisure
Information
Travel
Electrical
256
Which is not a MIPS design principle? (161)
Smaller is faster.
Good design demands good compromises.
Simplicity favors regularity.
Speed = Efficiency.
257
Which 16-bit hex value would represent a negative number? (74)
0x8001
0x7777
0x0001
0x100f
258
Only theoretical mathematicians care about floating point accuracy. (231)
F
T
259
Which signed number is the same as 0x80? (78)
0x7FFFFF80
0xff08
0xff80
0x80FFFFFF
260
The principle of prediction is based on the idea that (12)
When the going gets tough, the tough get going.
It is better to ask for forgiveness than ask for permission.
You should eat dessert first.
If you don't succeed at first, try, try again.
261
Which is not one of the five classic components of a computer (17)
Control
Display
Datapath
Memory
262
Which is not a field in the MIPS instruction format? (88)
op
shamt
precision
rt
263
What do we call the binary representation of machine instructions? (14)
Machine Language
Source Code
Assembly Language
Bytes
264
Parallel execution strategies which work for integer types also work for floating point types
T
F