Generalized reciprocity

is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.

Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?

They lived in marginal environments....

What right do ethnographers have to represent a people or culture to which they don't belong? This question illustrates?

anthropology's crisis in representation...

What is a mode of production?

the way a society's social relations are organized to produce...

Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf?

the influence of language on thought

The Genealogical Method

diagrams &symbols to record the kin or kinship connections within a culture

One aspect of linguistic history is language loss. When a language disappears,

cultural diversity is reduced as well.

Despite variety of research techniques ethnographers may utilize,in the best studies the hallmark of ethnography remains

entering the community and getting to know its people.

What is an example of what Bourdieu calls symbolic domination in the context of language use?

the fact that in a stratified society...

Anthropologists strive to establish rapport with the people in their research culture. Rapport means

a friendly, harmonious relationship based on trust

This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana provides a telling example of how

more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states...

Ethnographers typically combine emic & etic research strategies in their fieldwork. They are interested in applying both

local- and scientist-oriented research approaches.

Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:

their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence...

Franz Boas isthe undisputed father of 4-field US anthropology. 1 ofhis most important contributions to anthropology was?

showing that human biology is plastic & biology does not determine culture

Question in picture...

is increasingly multisited and multitimed integrating analyses of forces...

Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies

suggest an association (or correlation) between the economies...

Intensive agriculture

has significant environmental effects, such as deforestation...

The lexicon of a language is

a dictionary containing all of its morphemes and their meanings.

any position, no matter what its prestige, that someone occupies in society

studbud

Quizzes 13 - 16

80 termsStudBud Administration3 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards80 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 80

Answers

1
Genocide refers to the physical destruction of an ethnic or religious group through mass murder.
True
False
2
The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.
False
True
3
Question in picture
hypodescent
hypogamy
hypervitaminosis
polygyny
4
The "One Drop Rule" in America refers to having even one drop of alcohol in a person's bloodstream.
False
True
5
Generalized reciprocity
usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle.
disappears with the origin of the state.
is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies.
is exemplified by silent trade.
6
Which of the following was a characteristic shared by recent foraging communities?
They fished a great deal.
They relied on welfare supplied by state-level societies.
They devolved to foraging from a more advanced level of subsistence.
They lived in marginal environments....
7
Question in picture
False
True
8
The emic perspective focuses on local explanations of criteria and significance.
False
True
9
An agreement to take part in research after having the procedures&possible impacts of the research explained is known as
implied consent.
etic and emic protocols.
informed consent.
a research protocol briefing.
10
What right do ethnographers have to represent a people or culture to which they don't belong? This question illustrates?
the problem inherent in anthropology's overspecialization.
the threat that the World Wide Web
a lack of leadership in the American Anthropological Association
anthropology's crisis in representation...
11
What term refers to the type of pastoral economy where the entire population moves withtheir animals throughout the year
foraging
transhumance
pastoral nomadism
balanced subsistence
12
What is a mode of production?
a postindustrial adaptive strategy
the cultural aspect of any given economy
the land, labor, technology, and capital of production
the way a society's social relations are organized to produce...
13
Recent genetic research suggests that a speech-friendly mutation took hold in humans around 150,000 years ago.
True
False
14
What term refers to languages that have descended from the same ancestral language?
protolanguages
sibling languages
brother languages
daughter languages
15
Romance languages like French and Spanish are daughter languages of Latin, which is their common
protolanguage.
syntax.
diglossia.
call system.
16
Which of the following was studied by Sapir and Whorf?
the interaction of thought and surface structure
the influence of culture on language
the influence of deep structure on surface structure
the influence of language on thought
17
What is the term for the ability to create new expressions by combining other expressions?
productivity
morphemic utility
phonemic utility
displacement
18
Only dominant or majority groups can have prejudiced views; minority groups are not capable of being prejudiced.
True
False
19
The Genealogical Method
diagrams &symbols to record the kin or kinship connections within a culture
Uses DNA to determine family relationships
requires an anthropologist to hire a professional geneological researher
20
Question in picture
continually interrupt the consultant for clarification
complain about thier living conditions
listen
21
A key element of multiculturalism is a respect for ethnic diversity.
False
True
22
Which of the following economic principles is generally dominant in industrial society?
the market principle
balanced reciprocity
generalized exchange
negative reciprocity
23
What term refers to the destruction of the culture of an ethnic group?
genocide
diaspora
prejudice
ethnocide
24
One aspect of linguistic history is language loss. When a language disappears,
historical linguists have confirmation
cultural diversity is reduced as well.
so does pride in one's heritage.
humanity is that much closer to global integration.
25
Despite variety of research techniques ethnographers may utilize,in the best studies the hallmark of ethnography remains
detaileddescriptions of"imponderabilia of native life &of typical behavior"
entering the community and getting to know its people.
collaborating with community to construct a cohesive imageof local culture.
gathering large quantities of data on a limited budget.
26
What is an example of what Bourdieu calls symbolic domination in the context of language use?
the fact that in a stratified society...
Chomsky's insistence that the universal grammar defines all culture
in an egalitarian society, the promotion of linguistic diversity
focal vocabulary contrasts among groups
27
Anthropologists strive to establish rapport with the people in their research culture. Rapport means
a friendly, harmonious relationship based on trust
using sensitive, private information to further their own career
encouraging people to give up all their secrets
28
This chapter's description of the San Bushmen's relation to the government of Botswana provides a telling example of how
foraging communities' identities are being reshaped
human rights are limited.
the foraging lifestyle has finally become a thing of the past.
more and more foragers have come under the control of nation-states...
29
All languages and dialects are equally effective as systems of communication.
True
False
30
Ethnographers typically combine emic & etic research strategies in their fieldwork. They are interested in applying both
local- and scientist-oriented research approaches.
reflexive and salvage approaches.
local and bifocal research approaches.
local and bifocal research approaches.
31
Despite differences arising from environmental variation, all foraging economies have shared one essential feature:
their reliance on available natural resources for their subsistence...
their reliance on welfare supplied by state-level societies.
their willingness to test out new food-producing technologies
their emphasis on devising new forms of organic pesticides.
32
Franz Boas isthe undisputed father of 4-field US anthropology. 1 ofhis most important contributions to anthropology was?
showing that human biology is plastic & biology does not determine culture
expanding the local ethnographic focus to include a regional perspective.
the field's earliest example of multitimed and multisited ethnography.
stressing the relevance of independent invention in human cultural history.
33
Question in picture...
is increasingly multisited and multitimed integrating analyses of forces...
requires researchers to stay at the same site for more than three years.
challenges anthropologists concerned with salvaging
becomes less useful and valuable to understanding culture
34
Question in picture
True
False
35
Question in Picture...
False
True
36
Pastoralists are specialized herders whose subsistence strategies are focused on domesticated animals.
True
False
37
In order to intensify production, agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.
True
False
38
Historical linguists use linguistic similarities & differences in the world today to study long-term changes in language
False
True
39
Yehudi Cohen's adaptive strategies
suggest multidirectional relationships between
suggest hypothetical correlations
suggest that economic systems are a better way
suggest an association (or correlation) between the economies...
40
Intensive agriculture
has significant environmental effects, such as deforestation...
impact is very localized and can be controlled.
can actually breed greater ecological diversity.
is an ecological improvement over sectorial fallowing.
41
The lexicon of a language is
the range of speech sounds.
its symbolic and poetic value.
a dictionary containing all of its morphemes and their meanings.
its degree of complexity.
42
Quest for ethnographic realism suggests thegoal should be to produce accurate, objective, realistic,&scientific accounts
True
False
43
Question in picture
True
False
44
Status refers to
an identity determined by the state through census practices.
any position, no matter what its prestige, that someone occupies in society
a socially negotiated identity that always changes
a biologically determined identity within a hierarchical society.
45
A key feature of language that helps explain anthropologists' continued interest in studying it is that it
is always changing.
rarely changes, so it provides a good window into linguistic uses of past.
enables us to compare human and nonhuman primate linguistic grammars.
tells us a lot about the present, although nothing about the past.
46
One of the definitions of state is a centrally organized political unit; a government.
True
False
47
Question in picture
False
True
48
Ascribed statuses are based on an individual's talents, abilities, and actions.
True
False
49
What is the term for policies and practices that harm a group and its members?
ethnocentrism
colonialism
discrimination
50
________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups.
Temporal vocabulary
Vernacular vocabulary
Focal vocabulary
Syntactical vocabulary
51
Phonology is the study of speech sounds.
True
False
52
In the field, ethnographers strive to establish rapport: good, friendly working relationship, based on personal contact,
is necessary in conducting any valuable research in the social sciences
the next option is to pay people so they will talk about their culture.
achieved in large part by engaging in participant observation.
that if done properly ensures the ethnographers ability to conduct detached
53
What is the study of the sounds used in speech?
phones
phonemes
phonemics
phonology
54
Kinesics is the study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions.
False
True
55
Question in picture
False
True
56
Question in picture
True
False
57
What are the means (or factors) of production?
the ways a society organizes production
synonyms of a society's mode of production
labor forces organized by kinship ties
a society's major productive resources...
58
Question in picture
the universal grammar.
the evolutionary linguistic imprint.
generalities.
linguistic structuralism.
59
Question in picture
pastoral nomadic
mixed specialization
modified foraging
transhumance
60
With balanced reciprocity, the giver expects something in return equal to what was given.
False
True
61
Question in picture
True
False
62
Racial categorization is
Erroneous: because race is biologically NOT a reality
Essential: because living with race (and racism) IS a reality
Both of these are true
63
A horticultural system of cultivation is characterized by
periodic cycles of cultivation and fallowing.
the use of irrigation and terracing.
intensive use of land and human labor.
lack of proper knowledge about plant domestication.
64
Race, like ethnicity in general, is
a cultural category rather than a biological reality.
poorly understood by geneticists & therefore considered a cultural category
a biological reality as much as a cultural one.
a meaningless concept to people living day to day.
65
An ascribed status is a status that
people have little or no choice about occupying.
you earn, as when a successful law student becomes a lawyer.
you choose for yourself.
is based on standardized test scores.
66
Which of the following research methods is a distinctive strategy within anthropology?
the biological perspective
its practice of cross-cultural comparison
ethnography
the evolutionary perspective
67
Which of the following statements about U.S. racial categories is true?
U.S. racial categories are based on global racial categories
U.S. racial categories are applied to endogamous breeding populations.
U.S. racial categories are culturally arbitrary....
U.S. racial categories are based on genetics
68
Focal vocabularies are found only in non-Western societies like the Inuit and the Nuer.
False
True
69
Which of the following statements about ethnicity is true?
It's one's identification w/ a group that shares a common set of beliefs...
Ethnicity and race are synonyms.
Ethnicity is the politically correct term for race
Ethnicity is based on common biological features.
70
Traditionally, ethnographers have tried to understand the whole of a particular culture.
False
True
71
Question in picture
False
True
72
In many nonindustrial societies that anthropologists have studied, family isnt as important as in North American society
True
False
73
Economic anthropology is the cross-cultural study of systems of production, distribution, and consumption.
False
True
74
Question in Picture
hypodescent.
ethnic tolerance.
situational negotiation of social identity.
rotating core personality traits.
75
Life histories can reveal how particular people perceive, react to, & contribute to the changes that affect their lives
False
True
76
Syntax refers to the arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences.
False
True
77
Question in Picture
False
True
78
Longitudinal research is the long-term study of a community, region, society, culture, or other unit...
False
True
79
Question in picture
True
False
80
In Japan, the burakumin
constitute a numerical majority in Japan.
stigmatized despite being genetically indistinguishable from other Japanese
perceived as pure Japanese, even if one of their parents is not Japanese.
no longer face discrimination.

Quizzes 13 - 16 Flashcards | StudBud