A Level Psychology - Memory

Question 1

What is proactive interference?

Accepted Answer

Old memory interferes with new memory

Question 2

Which verb produced the greatest speed estimate in Loftus and Palmer's study?

Accepted Answer

Smashed

Question 3

What type of rehearsal did Craik and Watkins argue was important for LT storage of information?

Accepted Answer

Elaborative

Question 4

What did Walsh and Thompson discover?

Accepted Answer

The iconic store has an average duration of 0.5 seconds, The duration of the SR decreases with age

Question 5

How accurately could Linton recall from her diary 7 years after recording 11,000 items?

Accepted Answer

70%

Question 6

Who discovered this?

Accepted Answer

Baddeley

Question 7

Which of the following is not a feature of the central executive?

Accepted Answer

slave system

Question 8

Which of these is not a feature of procedural memories?

Accepted Answer

Easy to explain how we do things

Question 9

How did Baddeley demonstrate dual task performance?

Accepted Answer

Football + driving vs music + driving

Question 10

What is Fisher's idea to focus on the social dynamics of the cognitive interview called?

Accepted Answer

The enhanced cognitive interview

Question 11

Which study reported that studies are not realistic since IRL there are consequences to EWT?

Accepted Answer

Foster

Question 12

Which study suggested that anxiety had a negative effect on recall?

Accepted Answer

Johnson and Scott

Question 13

Why was Tulving's study criticised?

Accepted Answer

Biased - used himself and family as participants, Only had 6 participants, Unethical as harmful substances were ingested

Question 14

Which of these is not an issue with case studies on patients with amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Lack of qualitative data

Question 15

What is Murdock's serial position effect?

Accepted Answer

Words at the beginning and end of a list are recalled better

Question 16

What principle states cues must be present at the time of encoding + recall to be effective?

Accepted Answer

Encoding Specificity Principle

Question 17

What problems are associated with using artificial materials?

Accepted Answer

Low external validity, Difficulties with generalisation to real life examples

Question 18

How accurate was recall of names in yearbook in the Bahrick study within 15 years + after 48?

Accepted Answer

90% vs 70%

Question 19

How did Baddeley's study show that information in LTM is coded semantically?

Accepted Answer

Semantically similar words were more difficult to learn

Question 20

What did Miller find to be the capacity of STM?

Accepted Answer

7 +/- 2

Question 21

Which psychologist argued that the types of memory have a positive real life application?

Accepted Answer

Belleville

Question 22

Which group of words interfered the most in the McGeoch and McDonald study?

Accepted Answer

Synonyms

Question 23

Which study demonstrated antihistamines acting as a state cue?

Accepted Answer

Carter and Cassaday

Question 24

Which study reported that demand characteristics made Ps guess to impress the researcher?

Accepted Answer

Zargosa and McClosky

Question 25

Why might anxiety have a positive impact on recall in EWT?

Accepted Answer

Fight or flight makes us alert

Question 26

What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Medium arousal is best for recall

Question 27

Which of these is not a feature of episodic memories?

Accepted Answer

Facts are recorded in their broadest sense

Question 28

How many chunks of time-sequenced information is the episodic buffer limited to storing?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 29

What did 2 discoveries did Crowder make?

Accepted Answer

There are different sensory stores, Durations: echoic = 2-3 seconds; iconic = few milliseconds

Question 30

Which variation (alongside the gun) had the lowest recall in the Pickell study due to surprise?

Accepted Answer

Chicken

Question 31

Which of the following states that the question has no impact on our memory, just the answer?

Accepted Answer

Response bias explanation

Question 32

What is the capacity of LTM?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited

Question 33

What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

A leading question

Question 34

Which study found mixed results for the CI? (Better recall by 81%, but 61% more mistakes)

Accepted Answer

Kohnken

Question 35

Which elements of the CI can be removed to make it more suitable for children?

Accepted Answer

Change the order of events, Change perspective

Question 36

Which 2 options are features of the phonological loop?

Accepted Answer

articulatory process, phonological store

Question 37

What is the maximum duration of STM?

Accepted Answer

30 seconds

Question 38

How can this be increased?

Accepted Answer

By chunking

Question 39

How did Godden and Baddeley alter their experiment to criticise retrieval failure theory?

Accepted Answer

Testing recognition

Question 40

In which case study could the sufferer process visual info not verbal?

Accepted Answer

KF

Question 41

What method did Sperling use to discover this?

Accepted Answer

Flashed 4/4 grid of letters for 1/20 of a second

Question 42

What model of memory is displayed?

Accepted Answer

The multi-store model

Question 43

Which study reported on the 'own age bias'?

Accepted Answer

Anastati and Rhodes

Question 44

What didn't Cohen + Squire argue?

Accepted Answer

MSM's assumption that there are 3 types of LTM is correct

Question 45

What model of memory is displayed?

Accepted Answer

The working memory model

Question 46

How does the case of KF (Shallice + Warrington) challenge the MSM?

Accepted Answer

There may be separate iconic and echoic stores, There are multiple types of STM

Question 47

Which type of memory was affected in the cases of HM + CW?

Accepted Answer

Episodic

Question 48

Will memories stored in LTM last a lifetime?

Accepted Answer

Yes, unless unused or due to neurological difficulties

Question 49

Which of the following is a real benefit of retrieval failure theory?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive interview

Question 50

What is the average duration of information in the sensory register?

Accepted Answer

0.5-3 seconds

Question 51

Police have adapted to using the cognitive interview. True or false?

Accepted Answer

False - it is too expensive and time consuming

Question 52

Which part of the visuospatial sketchpad deals with the recording of spacial objects?

Accepted Answer

inner scribe

Question 53

How is information encoded in short term memory?

Accepted Answer

Acoustically

Question 54

What did Baddeley and Hitch discover in their rugby player study?

Accepted Answer

Recall was affected by how many games played in the meantime

Question 55

How is information encoded in the sensory register?

Accepted Answer

Modality specific

Question 56

Which of these is not a feature of semantic memories?

Accepted Answer

Memories for skills

Question 57

Which type of anxiety does Yerkes-Dodson Law only focus on?

Accepted Answer

Physical

Question 58

What percentage were influenced by post-event discussion in the Gabbert study (non-control)?

Accepted Answer

71%

Question 59

How did Peterson + Peterson test this?

Accepted Answer

Trigrams of syllables + count down in 3s from 3 digit number

Question 60

Which study suggested that EWT would be improved if the police used better techniques?

Accepted Answer

Fisher and Geiselman

Question 61

What did Tulving's PET scans reveal about the pre-frontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Semantic = left, episodic = right

Question 62

Which of the following is not a criticism of studies into the effect of anxiety on EWT?

Accepted Answer

Not replicable

Question 63

Why did Tulving criticise the MSM?

Accepted Answer

It needed to account for types of memory, Too inflexible and simplistic

Question 64

Which of these is not a recommendation for the police system after the case of Ronald Cotton?

Accepted Answer

Continuously presenting the same photos

A Level Psychology - Memory

Questions 68

A Level Psychology - Memory

Questions 68