Milady Foundations Chapter 6: Chemistry & Chemical Safety

___ are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid, and contain larger and fewer miscible particles

Which is not a solution?

The term organic means natural

Which is not a pure substance

An element is the simplest form of chemical matter, and contains only one type of atom, there are ___ elements on earth

A pure substance is a chemical combination of matter in ______ proportions.

Emulsions are unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called a(n)

Any substance that occupies space and has mass

Physical properties are characteristics that can be determined w/o a chemical reaction. Which is not a physical property

Surfactants are substances that allow oil and water to mix, which means they’re a(n)

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products, often used in place of ammonia

No chemical reactions are involved in physical change and no new chemicals are formed.

Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain carbon

The center of an atom is the

Toxic substances are all dangerous poisons

Solutions, suspensions, and emotions are all

Over exposure refers to how prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure to a certain product can cause sensitivity

A colorless, gas composed of hydrogen and nitrogen that has a pungent odor

Sweet colorless oily substance. Used as a solvent, and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.

The tail of a surfactant molecule is lipophilic, meaning

A solution is a stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances. ____ is the substance that is dissolved in a solution

Cause an increase of cellular mutations, some of which are harmful

Droplets of water surrounded by surfactant molecules with their lipophilic tails pointing out and hydrophilic heads in

Atoms cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

A surfactant molecule mixes with & dissolves in both oil & water, and temporarily joins them together to form emulsions

A chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source

Emulsions are a special type of suspension because they can separate but the separation usually happens very slowly

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions balancing the pH

Salons, spas, and barbershops use primarily _____ emulsions.

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements

How many synthetic elements are there?

Oil-in-water emotions do not feel as greasy bc the oil is hidden & the water forms the external portion of the emulsion

Most ______ substances do not burn because they do not contain carbon.

Solutions are

Flammability is an example of

The daily functioning of our bodies is based on

Without an understanding of basic chemistry, beauty professionals won’t be able to use professional products effectively

Not every product used in beauty and wellness services contain some type of chemical

Chemical properties are characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and involve a chemical change

Most of the products that beauty professionals use are pure substances

Nail polish is applied onto the nails and the solvent evaporates, forming a layer of film on the nail. This is a

The symbol for Nitrogen on the periodic table is

Evaporate easily

Electrons are

Volatile organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and evaporate easily

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of substances. It is a logarithmic scale meaning

Elements can be found on the periodic table of elements, each element has____ identifiers

Safety Data Sheets have ___ categories

Miscible liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form ______

______liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.

A chemical change is a change in the chemical composition or make up of a substance.

The ____ is the substance that dissolves the solute, and makes the solution

Which is not a form of physical matter

A physical mixture is a physical combination of measure in any proportion

Chemical labels are required to disclose disposal information

The science that deals with the composition structures and properties of matter, and how matter changes

Styling creams, cold creams, suntan lotions, and foot balms are all examples of

Alkalis soften and swell, the hair, skin, the cuticle on the nail plate, and calloused skin

Ionization is the separation of a atom or molecule into positive & negative ions. Ions with a positive electrical charge

Emulsions are

When oxygen is chemically removed from a substance, the substance is reduced

Commonly known as lye, a very strong alkali used in chemical hair relaxers, Calais, softeners, and drain cleaners

Colorless, liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

Sodium chloride, table salt, is a

Droplets of oil surrounded by surfactant molecules with their lipophilic tails, pointing in and hydrophilic heads out

Barbicide is a solution, the barbicide concentration is the solute and water is the solvent

Special type of oil used in hair, conditioners water, resistant lubricants for the skin and nail polish dryers

A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

Protons are

Which is not a suspension

____ we’re the first surfactants

Matter can be changed in two different ways, chemical reactions and

pH is an abbreviation of

Suspensions are

The head of the surfactant molecule is hydrophilic, meaning

Neutrons are

What is the universal solvent?

An ion is an atom or molecule that carries a _____ charge

A surfactant molecule has two distinct parts. The head and the tail.

When certain chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat, it is called a(n)

Energy is matter

Ionization is the separation of a atom or molecule into positive & negative ions. Ions with a negative electrical charge

Flammable liquid has a flash point below 100 degrees

A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element

A pH below seven indicates an acidic solution, and a pH above seven indicates an alkaline solution

Gasoline is organic

Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain hydrogen

Which is easier to ignite?

Everything that is made out of matter is

How many atoms must a molecule have