W/ older age women are more likely to experience _____ that can affect successful implantation.

endometrial abnormalities, intraperitoneal diseases

Kallmann syndrome is associated with one of the 4 main reasons for anovulation?

hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation

Which is a female factor of infertility?

endometriosis and other uterine factors

Failure of the hypothalamus and pituitary to produce hormones stimulating ovulation.

hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation

Failure of Ovulation: Sonography is used to identify a follicle with:

thickened walls, hazy, indistinct borders

Tubal Factors: Caused by mechanical obstructions:

scarring, endometriosis, prior electrive abortion, IUCDs

Cervical Factors: cervical stenosis can impede sperm from vagina into the uterus caused by:

congenital, surgery, infections, radiation, hypoestrogenism

Tubal factors: What are the primary causes of infertility?

abnormal transport/mechanical obstruction to passage of ovum

Which is a male factor affecting infertility?

low sperm density and motility (semen disorders)

Cervical Factors: cervical stenosis can impede sperm from vagina into the uterus caused by:

congenital, surgery, infections, radiation, hypoestrogenism

Dysfunctional development of the dominant follicle:

dysfunctional follicular development

Uterine Factors: Which is an example of causing congenital uterine factors?

mullerian duct anomalies (septate, bicorunate, didelphic)

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Infertility GYN Lecture

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Ultrasound Gynecology Infertility Lecture

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Answers

1
W/ older age women are more likely to experience _____ that can affect successful implantation.
endometrial abnormalities, intraperitoneal diseases
myometrial abnormalities, extraperitoneal diseases
epithelial abnormalities, intraperitoneal disease
serosal abnormalities, peritoneal diseases
2
Dysfunc Follic Devel: The menstrual cycle is:
not necessarily prolonged
prolonged
3
Failure of ovulation: follicle enlarges to ___ diameter but FAILS to rupture and release oocyte
4 cm
>3 cm
normal
>3 mm
4
Kallmann syndrome is associated with one of the 4 main reasons for anovulation?
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
failure of ovulation
dysfunctional follicular development
polycystic ovary syndrome
5
Infertility is the inability to conceive a child after ____ of unprotected intercourse.
24 months
12 months
8 months
6 months
6
Treatment of hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation consists of administering drugs 2
keep ovulation going
trigger ovulation
prevent ovulation
initiate development of follicle
7
PCOS: monitoring ____ sonographically is very important in this patient population.
fallopian response
uterine response
ovarian response
vaginal response
8
Which is a tubal factor caused by mechanical obstructions?
prior ectopic
prior tubal surgery
endometriosis
endometritis
9
PCOS: typical peripheral distribution of more than 10 follicles of ____ diameter
2 - 8 mm
4 - 6 mm
3 - 6 mm
2 - 4 mm
10
What are the 4 main reasons for anovulation?
failure of hypothal/pituitry 2make hormone stimulat ovultion
all of these
fail follicle 2rupture, unrupture follicle syndr->no ovulate
dysfunctional development of dominant follicle, PCOS
11
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a ___ cause of infertility.
common
rare
12
Failure of Ovulation: over time the unruptured follicle will:
regress
continue growing
rupture
spread
13
Which Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital uterine factors?
septate, unicornuate, arcuate
unicornuate, septate
septate, bicornuate, didelphic
arcuate, didelphic, bicornuate
14
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing abnormal cervical mucosal production?
congenital
prior surgery
hormonal changes
infections
15
Which is a female factor of infertility?
low sperm density and motility
endometriosis and other uterine factors
presence of antisperm antibodies
varicoceles
16
Dysfunctional Follicular Development: The follicle then ____ in size.
regresses
grows
remains the same
17
Patients with this syndrome can be treated to induce ovulation.
dysfunctional follicular development
polycystic ovary syndrome
failure of ovulation
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
18
Failure of the hypothalamus and pituitary to produce hormones stimulating ovulation.
polycystic ovary syndrome
failure of ovulation
dysfunctional follicular development
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
19
Ovulation disorders are important since they account for what % of reasons causing infertility?
25%
75%
40%
50%
20
In PCOS, a single dominant follicle typically does not:
form
regress
21
Failure of Ovulation: Sonography is used to identify a follicle with:
thin walls, large, distinct borders
thickened walls, hazy, indistinct borders
22
Tubal Factors: Caused by mechanical obstructions:
scarring, endometriosis, prior electrive abortion, IUCDs
PID, prior ectopic, prior tubal surgery
23
What are some factors that affect BOTH male and females?
toxic effects of drugs, postponing children to older age
all of these
environment/occupational factors
nutritional deficiencies, idiopathic factors
24
Cervical Factors: cervical stenosis can impede sperm from vagina into the uterus caused by:
medications
hormonal changes
congenital, surgery, infections, radiation, hypoestrogenism
abnormally full bladder
25
Can you see the fallopian tubes in pathologic conditions?
no
yes
26
What percentage of infertility is related to FEMALE factors?
30%
40%
4 - 8%
5 - 10 %
27
When an ovulatory problem is suspected then the patient needs:
full respiratory workup
full renal workup
full endocrine workup
full cardiac workup
28
A woman who has a regular mesntrual cycle has a:
abnormal ovulatory cycle
normal renal cycle
normal vasculature cycle
normal ovulatory cycle
29
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing a cervical stenosis thereby blocking sperm?
infections
medications
hormonal changes
prior elective abortion
30
Tubal factors: What are the primary causes of infertility?
abnormal transport/mechanical obstruction to passage of ovum
fluid in the fallopian tubes
31
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
IUCDs
ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction
infections
endometriosis and other uterine factors
32
Cervical Factors: What is important for the transportation of sperm during/after sex?
cervical length
cervical mucus
cervical width
cervical positioning
33
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
cervical factors
low sperm density and motility (semen disorders)
tubal disease
endometriosis and other uterine factors
34
Dsyfunc Follicular Develop: In some women, the dominant follicle ___ than a normal dom follicle
remains the same more
regresses much more
enlarges much more
35
What are the 4 main reasons for anovulation?
all of these
failure of ovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome
dysfunctional follicular development
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
36
Cervical Factors: cervical stenosis can impede sperm from vagina into the uterus caused by:
abnormally full bladder
hormonal changes
medications
congenital, surgery, infections, radiation, hypoestrogenism
37
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
IUCDs
tubual disease
endocrine disorders
38
Dysfunc Follic Devel: the degree of menses at the end of the cycle is:
constant
variable
39
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
tubal disease
varicoceles (40%)
ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction
cervical factors
40
As we age fertility:
declines
remains the same
increases
41
Dysfunctional development of the dominant follicle:
dysfunctional follicular development
polycystic ovary syndrome
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
failure of ovulation
42
Dysfunc Follic Devel: Thickening of follicle wall normally seen in luteinization:
occurs
does not occur
43
What percentage does ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction occur in female factors of infertility?
50%
20%
40%
80%
44
Failure of Ovulation: anovulation can also be caused by a condition called:
LID syndrome
LIF syndrome
LUF syndrome
DUF syndrome
45
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
obstruction
ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction
IUCDs
46
What is it called when the ovaries do not release an oocyte during a menstrual cycle?
anovulation
inovulation
47
Dysfunc Follic Devel: Dom follicle enlarges then gradually regresses without:
growing
thin walls
follicular rupture
thick walls
48
If semen analysis is normal, attention turns to evaluate:
female partner
renal causes
gastric causes
testicular shape/funcitonality
49
What is polycystic ovary syndrome also known as?
Stein Leventhal Syndrome
Steinway Levenith Syndrome
Stem Lenner Syndrome
Swein Levorn Syndrome
50
Tubal Factors: Caused by damaged ciliated epithelial cells:
prior ectopic
prior tubal surgery
PID
all of these
51
Uterine Factors: Which is an example of causing congenital uterine factors?
mullerian duct anomalies (septate, bicorunate, didelphic)
polyps
endometritis
Asherman syndrome
52
The corpus luteum will regress with the:
delayed menses
conception
onset of the next menses without conception
amenorrhea
53
Fallopian tubal factors account for approximately what percentage of infertility cases?
45%
35%
25%
55%
54
Which is a female factor of infertility?
IUCDs
low sperm density and motility
varicoceles
presence of antisperm antibodies
55
Dysfunc Follic Devel: Wall appears:
thin with a sharp echo from the margin
thin walls, with distinct bords and a low level echo
thick with a low level echo from the margin
thickened walls, hazy indistinct borders
56
Which is a tubal factor caused by damaged ciliated epithelial cells?
PID
scarring
endometriosis
prior elective abortion
57
serial ultrasound documentation of ovarian follicles are helpful in making a confirmation of:
ovulatory function
renal funciton
fimbrae function
fallopian function
58
Cervical Factors: Abnormal cervical mucosal production is caused by?
prior surgery, congenital
infections
hypoestrogenism
hormonal changes, medications
59
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction
IUCDs
testicular failure
60
Which is a tubal factor caused by mechanical obstructions?
prior tubal surgery
PID
prior ectopic
scarring
61
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing a cervical stenosis thereby blocking sperm?
medications
hormonal changes
IUCDs
hypoestrogenism
62
A careful history of a woman's menstrual cycle will cue a physician into if there is a chance:
of a fallopian issue
of a renal issue
of an ovulatory issue
of a uterine issue
63
Uterine Factors: Uterine abnormalities are:
only congenital
congenital or acquired
only acquiredq
neither
64
Failure of Ovulation: It should regress just at the time:
after a normal corpus luteum cyst would regress
a normal corpus luteum cyst would regress
before a normal corpus luteum cyst would regress
65
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing a cervical stenosis thereby blocking sperm?
prior surgery
hormonal changes
medications
endometriosis
66
Which is a tubal factor caused by mechanical obstructions?
prior ectopic
pelvic inflammatory disease
prior tubal surgery
prior elective abortion
67
What percentage of infertility is related to male factors?
4 - 8%
40%
5 - 10 %
30%
68
Which is are male factors affecting infertility?
varicoceles, low sperm density/motility, abnorm sperm
testicular failure, endocrine disorders, genetic factors
antisperm antibodies, cryptorchidism, obstruction, infection
all of these
69
Failure of follicle 2rupture as seen in unruptured follicle syndr resultin in failure 2 ovulate
dysfunctional follicular development
hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation
polycystic ovary syndrome
failure of ovulation
70
What does hMG stand for?
hormone menopausal gonadotropin
human malignant growth
human menopausal gonadotropin
hormone malignant growth
71
Basal body temperature charts and luteal phase ______ testing may also be helpful.
testosterone
progesterone
estrogen
estradiol
72
What does GnRH-a stand for?
gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
gonadotropin-retracting hormone anti
graffian releasing hormone ante
growing radical hormone agonist
73
Which is a female factor of infertility?
ovarian/ovulatory dysfunction
cryptorchidism
testicular failure
endocrine disorders
74
Can you see the fallopian tubes in non pathologic conditions?
no
yes
75
Which is a tubal factor caused by damaged ciliated epithelial cells?
prior elective abortion
endometriosis
IUCDs
prior ectopic
76
What are the drugs used to treat hypothalamic and pituitary causes of anovulation?
GnRH-a, hMG
ParaGard, Mirena
LUF
OCPs
77
The corpus luteum will persist:
through the first trimester of pregnancy
with the onset of the next menses
without conception
with amenorrhea
78
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
IUCDs
cryptochidism
tubal disease
79
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
tubal disease
presence of antisperm antibodies
IUCDs
80
Patients treated to induce ovulation with drugs increases the risk of inducing:
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
ovarian hyperestrogen syndrome
81
What percentage of infertility is related to factors are unexplained?
40%
30%
4 - 8%
5 - 10 %
82
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
tubual disease
genetic factors
IUCDs
endometriosis and other uterine factors
83
Which is a tubal factor caused by damaged ciliated epithelial cells?
prior tubal surgery
IUCDs
scarring
prior elective abortion
84
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing a cervical stenosis thereby blocking sperm?
scarring
congenital
hormonal changes
medications
85
PCOS: in a pelvic ultrasound the tech is looking for a telltale:
chocolate cyst
hershey's kiss
string of pearls
swiss cheese
86
UT used 2 monitor development of ____ &2help determine when to add drugs during treatment plan
endometrium
fallopian tubes
endothelium
follicles
87
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing a cervical stenosis thereby blocking sperm?
pelvic inflammatory disease
hormonal changes
medications
radiation therapy
88
Tubal Factors: Caused by damaged ciliated epithelial cells:
PID, prior ectopic, prior tubal surgery
scarring, endometriosis, prior electrive abortion, IUCDs
89
Which is a male factor affecting infertility?
endometriosis and other uterine factors
IUCDs
abnormal sperm
tubal disease
90
Hypothalamus & pituitary gland cant produce both luteinizing &FSH then ovulation doesn't occur:
polycystic ovary syndrome
regression of corpus luteum
dysfunctional follicular development
Kallmann syndrome
91
Tubal Factors: Caused by mechanical obstructions:
endometriosis
prior elective abortion
scarring, IUCDs
all of these
92
Semen samples are studied to examine:
toxic effects of drugs (tobacco), nutritional deficiency
genetic factors, varicoceles, abnormal sperm, obstruction
tubual disease, IUCDs
motility, density, morphol, infection, anti sperm antibodies
93
Cervical Factors: Which is an example of causing abnormal cervical mucosal production?
radiation therapy
hypoestrogenism
infections
medications
94
What percentage of varicoceles affect male infertility?
40%
50%
15%
30%
95
Which is a female factor of infertility?
cryptorchidism
presence of antisperm antibodies
varicoceles
tubal disease
96
Which is a tubal factor caused by mechanical obstructions?
IUCDs
prior ectopic
prior tubal surgery
PID
97
Uterine Factors: Which is an example of causing congenital uterine factors?
submucosal fibroids
DES (synthetic form of estrogen used from 1940-1971)
polyps
Asherman syndrome
98
What percentage of infertility is related to factors affecting BOTH partners?
5 - 10 %
40%
30%
4 - 8%
99
Cervical Factors: cervical stenosis can impede sperm from vagina into the uterus
true
false
100
Which is a female factor of infertility?
cervical factors
low sperm density and motility
varicoceles
presence of antisperm antibodies

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