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Earth's Processes Unit Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth's Processes Unit Review
Earth's Processes Unit Review
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1
2. Why is Earth's crust made of solid rock?
Once a rock has solidified it cannot be melted.
Earth’s crust is too large to melt.
Heat from the core cannot pass through the asthenosphere.
The temperature of Earth’s crust is not hot enough to melt rocks.
2
Why was Wegener's continental drift theory discredited by his peers?
Lack of fossil evidence
Lack of climate evidence
No explanation for how continents moved
No evidence of mountain formation
3
3. Earth's inner core is mostly ___________.
solid rock similar to Earth’s crust
molten metal
solid metal
molten rock similiar to Earth's crust
4
13.
GPS data is a useful way to learn about the Earth’s crust because it can ________________________.
detect very small movements of the crust.
provide evidence of motion that occurred millions of years ago.
be used to pinpoint exactly where earthquakes happen.
measure the strength of seismic waves.
5
20. Where is the San Andreas Fault and what type of plate boundary is it?
Japan Transform
California, Convergent
California, Transform
Japan, Convergent
6
Which of the following is NOT a source of Earth's internal energy?
Core fusion
Radioactive decay
Leftover from Earth's formation
7
Which term describes how Earth's interior separated over time?
Physical classification
Volumetric scattering
Gravitational differentiation
Ohm's Law
8
What is the term that describes the precise origin of an earthquake?
Point source
Frictional vertex
Hypocenter (focus)
Epicenter
9
Which type of plate boundary is a rift valley associated with?
Convergent
Divergent
Hot spot
Transform
10
12. The following increases with depth within Earth.
Density
Pressure
All of the other answers
Temperature
11
Where are stratovolcanoes found?
Divergent boundaries
Transform boundaries
Hot spots
Convergent boundaries
12
17. Which of the following is a true statement?
Earth’s interior is hollow.
We know the composition of Earth’s interior because humans have been there.
Humans have traveled farther away from Earth than we have inside of it.
Jules Verne’s book Journey to the Center of the Earth is factual.
13
What type of eruption would you expect from a stratovolcano?
extrusive
explosive
effusive
convergent
14
Along which plate boundary do subduction zones occur?
Convergent
Conform
Transform
Divergent
15
14.
When a section of a fault suddenly slips and energy is released, what happens to this energy?
The energy is stored in the surrounding rock and forms fossil fuel.
The energy is carried by seismic waves through the surrounding rock.
The energy melts the surrounding rock and generates magma.
Nothing because the surrounding rock is solid like Mr. Fiscus.
16
What process causes the location of continents to change over time?
Locating the plate boundaries
Convection currents in the mantle
Eruption of hot spot volcanoes
Measuring motion with GPS
17
16.
The crust is part of the ________________________.
stratosphere
lithosphere
None of the others
asthenosphere
18
5.
To learn about Earth’s deep interior, including the core, scientists ________________________.
extract cores from holes drilled into Earth
send robotic vehicles to the center of Earth
study seismic waves from earthquakes
use optical technologies to see into Earth
19
Which of the following is NOT a feature formed near convergent plate boundaries?
Mountain ranges
Volcanoes
Ocean trenches
Hot spots
20
In which type of volcano would you expect to find lava with high viscosity, low temperature, & high gas/silica content?
Stratovolcano
Shield
Fissure
Hot spot
21
15.
When moving through solid rock, S waves ________________________.
travel faster than P waves
They both travel about the same speed.
travel at the same speed as P waves
travel slower than P waves
22
4. The thickest layer of the Earth is the _____________.
mantle
outer core
crust
inner core
23
What type of eruption would you expect from a shield volcano
Effusive
Extrusive
Divergent
Explosive
24
How can you find the distance to an earthquake epicenter using a seismograph?
Sum of P & S wave arrival times
Difference of S & P wave arrival times
Magnitude of S wave divided by magnitude of P wave
Check Google
25
New crust is formed at ______________ boundaries & old crust is recycled into the mantle at ______________ boundaries.
convergent; transform
transform; divergent
divergent; convergent
convergent: divergent
26
What are rock outcrops with very similar mineral patterns, chemical composition, & age but found in different locations?
Geologic Markers
Mountain building
Subduction zone
GPS data
27
What increases with distance from the mid-ocean ridge?
Sediment depth
Water temperature
Magnetism
Number of aquatic creatures
28
A Richter magnitude earthquake of 8.0 is how many times larger than a 7.0 Richter magnitude earthquake?
1000 x
100 x
2 x
10 x
29
10. Which of the following statements about heat transfer is true?
All of the others are true.
Conduction only happens in solids.
Convection only happens in fluids.
Radiation only happens in stars.
30
8. Convection in the asthenosphere ________________________.
applies a force on the lithosphere
transfers thermal energy inside Earth
All of the others
causes movement of tectonic plates
31
11. Which part of the Earth is made up of both crust and mantle material?
fiscusophere
geosphere
asthenosphere
lithosphere
32
6.
Earthquake waves are detected, measured, and recorded by instruments called ______________________.
oscilloscopes
Richter scales
chronometers
seismographs
33
7. Mr. Fiscus always says that compared to the lithosphere, the asthenosphere is ___________________. Good job guys!!!
less rigid
cooler
lower density
more rigid
34
Continental crust is mainly being ________________________.
Destroyed along convergent boundaries
Destroyed along divergent boundaries
Thickened along divergent boundaries
Thickened along convergent boundaries
35
Volcanic activity is most often associated with which two types of plate boundaries?
Convergent & Transform
Divergent & Convergent
Divergent & Transform
Transform & Subduction zones
36
9. Which of the following statements best describes seismic waves?
When rocks break they release energy in the form of seismic waves.
P waves are shear waves while S waves are the compressional waves
When Mr. Fiscus cheers for the Gophers.
P waves cause more destruction than other types of seismic waves.
37
Which of the following wave types is
compressional
(means the rock particles are alternately compressed and expanded)?
T waves
F waves
S waves
P waves
38
What feature of its magma contributes to the gentle slope of a shield volcano?
Tephra
High viscosity
Low viscosity
Pyroclastic debris
39
1. S waves do not travel through ____________.
low temperature solids
liquids
high temperature solids
bedrock
40
Who came up with the "spreading seafloor" theory that effectively completed Wegener's work?
Alfred Wegener
Harry Hess
Mr. Fiscus
Dr. Mansergh
