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PSYCH 111 Exam 4
Sunk cost effect:
Event schema:
PSYCH 111 Exam 4
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1
Event schema:
broad and general
intermediate level
a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
core belief or way of viewing that world
2
Sunk cost effect:
the tendency to continue an unbeneficial investigation because of investmen
thinking about thinking; using heursitics
drawing conclusions when there is no or incomplete evidence
err or not considering exceptions
3
What measurement have modern IQ tests shifted to now?
from English to math
from formula to stastical comparison
fom statistical comparison to formula
from math to English
4
What is the standard of deviation for IQ test?
most people get 100 + or - 15
the average score is 100
the process of establishing rules for administering a test and interpreting
it is required for all people to take the test in schools
5
What is acquisition?
memory going in
getting memory
memory physically stored in the brain and permanently changes the brain
keeping memory
6
What is crystallized intelligence?
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
a general factor that everyone has that can be measured for intelligence
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
the eight difference intelligences that each person possesses
7
According to Charles Spearman what is "g"?
the eight difference intelligences that each person possesses
a general factor that everyone has that can be measured for intelligence
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
8
What is the purpose of the central executive?
regulates what you're consciously knowing
regulates attention
regulates visual and audio input
regulates what you're subconsciously knowing
9
What is encoding?
getting memory
memory physically stored in the brain and permanently changes the brain
keeping memory
memory going in
10
Inductive reasoning:
emerges from cultural influence
moves from a general set of data to more specific conclusions
short-cuts or strategies for solving a problem
moves from specific data to more specific conclusions
11
What is long term memory?
quick decay and largely subconscious
regulates attention
holds 7 + or - 2 pieces of information
infinite capacity and duration
12
What is fluid intelligence?
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
a general factor that everyone has that can be measured for intelligence
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
the eight difference intelligences that each person possesses
13
Retroactive
new information hinders ability to recall old information
taking charge of your decisions
when old information hinders your ability to learn new information
being active in the decisions you make
14
What is sensory memory?
infinite capacity and duration
quick decay and largely subconscious
regulates attention
holds 7 + or - 2 pieces of information
15
What is superficial processing?
if something carries a deeper meaning you're going to remember it better
grouping information into meaningful units
you will remember better things that are out of place or distinct
rehearsal of information
16
What are memory tasks?
encoding, storage, retrieval
likely to remember last thing listed
likelyhood of remembering middle things listen
likelyhood of remembering the first thing listed
17
Artificial concepts are:
concepts that are defined by a specific set of characteristics
created naturally through experiences; can be developed indirect or direct
the best example or representation for a concept
makes assumptions about how individuals in different roles will behave
18
Dialectic reasoning:
moves from a general set of data to more specific conclusions
emerges from cultural influence
moves from specific data to more specific conclusions
short-cuts or strategies for solving a problem
19
Thought schema:
core belief or way of viewing that world
intermediate level
a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
broad and general
20
What is Alzheimer's?
natural decay of memory with age
unnatural; more than normal decay caused by build up of protein amyloid
21
What is short term memory?
holds 7 + or - 2 pieces of information
regulates attention
quick decay and largely subconscious
infinite capacity and duration
22
What is a morpheme?
the sound that a marimba makes
a basic sound unit of a given language
the smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning
the name for a group of whales that travels together
23
Natural concepts are:
created naturally through experiences; can be developed indirect or direct
concepts that are defined by a specific set of characteristics
makes assumptions about how individuals in different roles will behave
the best example or representation for a concept
24
What is retrograde amnesia?
when you forget what happened after brain damage; cant learn new info
when you forget what happened before brain damage
25
Meta cognition:
drawing conclusions when there is no or incomplete evidence
err or not considering exceptions
thinking about thinking; using heursitics
the tendency to adhere to a specific approach to a problem or single use
26
Black and white thinking:
drawing conclusions when there is no or incomplete evidence
err or not considering exceptions
thinking about thinking; using heursitics
the tendency to adhere to a specific approach to a problem or single use
27
Heuristic:
emerges from cultural influence
short-cuts or strategies for solving a problem
moves from specific data to more specific conclusions
moves from a general set of data to more specific conclusions
28
Proactive:
when old information hinders your ability to learn new information
being active in the decisions you make
new information hinders ability to recall old information
taking charge of your decisions
29
What are schemas
making a plan
recording of visual information
making connections
ways of thinking found in your long-term memory
30
Acquisition and consolidation are part of:
storage
encoding
memory trace
retrieval
31
What is dementia?
natural decay of memory with age
unnatural; more than normal decay caused by build up of protein amyloid
32
Priming:
the instance you learned the information
the information you learn
stimulus affects a later response
knowing how to do things
33
What is superficial deepest thinking?
grouping information into meaningful units
rehearsal of information
if something carries a deeper meaning you're going to remember it better
when you can explain things in your own words and make connections
34
What is a memory trace?
getting memory
memory physically stored in the brain and permanently changes the brain
memory going in
keeping memory
35
What is a phoneme?
the name for a group of whales that travels together
the smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning
the sound that a marimba makes
a basic sound unit of a given language
36
What is the echoic memory?
stimulus affects later response
auditory input
long term memory processing
visual input
37
What is meaningfulness
you will remember better things that are out of place or distinct
rehearsal of information
grouping information into meaningful units
if something carries a deeper meaning you're going to remember it better
38
What is confabulation
distinctiveness
proactive and retroactive
primacy and recency
wildly guessing in place of memories that aren't there
39
What does the episodic buffer do?
regulates visual information
regulates auditory information
links past to present
actively manipulates information
40
What is the mean for IQ tests?
the process of establishing rules for administering a test and interpreting
it is required for all people to take the test in schools
most people get 100 + or - 15
the average score is 100
41
Why are eyewitness testimonies inaccurate?
all of the above
we weren't paying enough attention; happened really fast
over time we start to think about what must've happened
piecemeal process
42
What is anterograde amnesia?
when you forget what happened before brain damage
when you forget what happened after brain damage; cant learn new info
43
Basic categories:
a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
broad and general
core belief or way of viewing that world
intermediate level
44
Who created the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales?
Lewis Terman
Alfred Binet
45
What is standardization of IQ tests?
the average score is 100
the process of establishing rules for administering a test and interpreting
it is required for all people to take the test in schools
most people get 100 + or - 15
46
Distinctiveness, meaningfulness, chunking, superficial processing, and deepest thinking are all ways to what:
encode memories
improve memory
store memories
trace memory
47
How do you get from short term to long term memory?
rehearsal
linking past to present
pay attention
ur mom
48
What is chunking
rehearsal of information
if something carries a deeper meaning you're going to remember it better
grouping information into meaningful units
you will remember better things that are out of place or distinct
49
Subordinate categories:
intermediate level
lowest, most specific level
core belief or way of viewing that world
broad and general
50
Deductive reasoning:
moves from specific data to more specific conclusions
moves from a general set of data to more specific conclusions
short-cuts or strategies for solving a problem
emerges from cultural influence
51
What explains getting hit in the back of the head and not going blind?
because your eyes are in the front of your head not the back
your eyes are not connected to your brain
because you didn't get hit that hard
location does not indicate severity
52
What is consolidation?
getting memory
memory physically stored in the brain and permanently changes the brain
keeping memory
memory going in
53
Who was commissioned by the French government to design tests to predict academic functioning?
Alfred Binet
Lewis Terman
54
How do you get from sensory memory to short term memory?
rehearsal
ur mom
linking past to present
pay attention
55
What is Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory?
a general factor that everyone has that can be measured for intelligence
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
the eight difference intelligences that each person possesses
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
56
Procedural:
the information you learn
knowing how to do things
stimulus affects a later response
the instance you learned the information
57
Role schema:
the best example or representation for a concept
concepts that are defined by a specific set of characteristics
created naturally through experiences; can be developed indirect or direct
makes assumptions about how individuals in different roles will behave
58
What are serial position effects?
wildly guessing in place of memories that aren't there
distinctiveness
proactive and retroactive
primacy and recency
59
Semantic:
stimulus affects a later response
knowing how to do things
the instance you learned the information
the information you learn
60
What is primacy?
likelyhood of remembering the first thing listed
likely to remember last thing listed
likelyhood of remembering middle things listen
encoding, storage, retrieval
61
Damage to what causes amnesia?
ears
cerebral cortex
eyes
hippocampus
62
functional fixedness:
thinking about thinking; using heursitics
err or not considering exceptions
drawing conclusions when there is no or incomplete evidence
the tendency to adhere to a specific approach to a problem or single use
63
Prototype:
created naturally through experiences; can be developed indirect or direct
the best example or representation for a concept
makes assumptions about how individuals in different roles will behave
concepts that are defined by a specific set of characteristics
64
What are the parts of the central executive?
declarative and nondeclarative
Iconic memory and echoic memory
visual sketchpad, episodic buffer, and phonological loop
semantiv, episodic, and autobiographical
65
Learning curve:
recalling information on the spot
none of the above
as you learn things will keep getting better for you
recognizing information you've seen before
66
What is retrieval?
sleeping on it
memory coming into the brain
taking a memory out of storage
memory staying in the brain
67
Episodic:
stimulus affects a later response
knowing how to do things
the instance you learned the information
the information you learn
68
Superordinate categories:
core belief or way of viewing that world
broad and general
intermediate level
a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine
69
What is the Von Restorff effect
rehearsal of information
you will remember better things that are out of place or distinct
grouping information into meaningful units
if something carries a deeper meaning you're going to remember it better
70
What does it mean that standard IQ tests have high reliability?
it is a good predictor throughout life
scores are typically around 100
the scores that poeple get remain the same over time
all of the above
71
What is intelligence?
the ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to environment
all of the above
ability to learn from past experiences
ability to engage in reasoning and overcome obstacles
72
What is the iconic memory?
auditory input
long term memory processing
stimulus affects later response
visual input
73
What is the Flynn effect?
people put answers that they think administrators want
people purposely putting wrong aswers so they don't have to work hard
phenomenon that IQ test scores are getting higher; peoplesmartertestsharder
as a society we are getting dumber because of advancement in technology
74
What is recency?
encoding, storage, retrieval
a time period in which the best romance stories take place
likelyhood of remembering the first thing listed
likely to remember last thing listed
