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Biology Exam study guide!
Biology Exam study guide!
159 terms
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exam tuesday
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Questions
159
Answers
1
scientist and human genome project use promoters, which are binding sites for__
RNA polymerous
ligase
polypeptide
DNA polymerous
2
Every human body cell has how many chromosomes?
forty six pairs
four
forty six
twenty three
3
lichens are…
helpful in the early stages of soil formation
all of these
The first affected by pollution
an example of mutualism
4
What is a Mendelian trait?
A trait that is determined by a single gene
Traits that help mend a broken bone
Multiple traits that are determined by a single gene
A trait that is determined by multiple genes
5
a red and white rose May cross colony and make a pink rose is an example of...
incomplete dominance
simple dominance
codominance
Regeneration
6
Which enzyme complete the joining of two ends of the human gene two bacteria plasmid?
ligase
restriction enzymes
DNA polymerous
or a polymerace
7
___Is crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
None of these
inbreeding
Biotech technology
Hybridization
8
Each tRNA anticodon is complementary to one...
rRNA anticodon
mRNA codon
rRNA codon
mRNA anticodon
9
Which structure brings a new amino acid to the "constuction site"?
tRNA
all of these
rRNA
mRNA
10
changes in DNA can change amino acids which will affect___
Heart rate
metabolism
digestion
protein product
11
What substance is used to both cut the human gene from human DNA and cut bacteria plasmid?
restriction enzymes
ligase
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
12
Bacteriophages are...
enzymes
coils of DNA
a form of bacteria
viruses
13
What starts on promoters, which are specific base sequences?
Ligase
intron
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
14
when would a plant close it stromata?
when is too dry in the plant needs to conserve water
when the plant needs to store light to do photosynthesis at night
when it’s humid outside, and the plant needs to prevent water from leavse
when they stay open all the time
15
Deoxyribose gets it's name from what part of a nucleotide?
The phosphate group
The sugar
The bases
none of these
16
What is the process when Ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains?
transportation
replication
transcription
translation
17
the___was a 13 year international effort to sequence all three face pairs to identify human genes…
human Genome project
Genome project
Genomics
bioinformatics
18
fungi or autotrophic eukaryotic with cell walls that contain chitin
True
False
19
bacteria can stay dormant for months or years
False
True
20
the guard cells do what to open
mitosis
take in 02
diffuse all water out
swell with water
21
parenchyma…
strong, flexible cells in like celery
very thick and rigid
Thin cell walls in many chloroplast
none
22
What process takes DNA in the nucleus and turns it into mRNA?
translation
transcription
hotpocketation
transduction
23
Which of these is a phenotype?
wet ear wax
WW
ww
Ww
24
The ... of molecular biology is that information is transferred from DNA to protein
law of thermodynamics
law of genetics
law of conservation
central dogma
25
what is the scientific study of crime scenes?
Gene therapy
DNA fingerprinting
forensics
DNA microarray
26
which following is not true about the human genome project?
sequence only 1/2 of human genes
Took hundreds of scientist from dozens of countries
cost 3 billion
Took 20 years
27
Compared to a eukaryotic cell, prokaryotic cells contain what?
The same amount
twice as much
about 100 times more DNA
about one thousandth as much DNA
28
Codon TAC matches which anticodon
TAC
TAT
AUG
ATG
29
fungi can only reproduce asexually
True
False
30
which cellular structure is found in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cell
ribosomes
lysosomes
nucleus
mitochondria
31
what blood type can be donated to anyone?
ab
A
O
B
32
___Stems have a distinct epidermis and has vascular bundles scattered throughout
dicot
non-vascular
lichen
monocot
33
What is this?
a double helix
RNA
DNA polymerase
an amino acid
34
what percent of our DNA actually makes protein?
10
2
25
5
35
taproot system
The primary route grows long and thick
replaced by many equally sized branch roots
completely enclosed by endodermis
all of these
36
RNA synthesis happens in the cytoplasm in...
eukaryotes
endoplasmic reticulum
prokaryotes
ribosomes
37
what is one reason for genetically modifying an organism
so that an organism can become unstoppable
none of these
so that the organism can produce large quantities of a particular protein
so that the organism can produce large quantities of a particular vitamin
38
chlamydia…
leading cause of blindness
all the above
infect humans
are parasitic
39
The main enzyme involved in linking individual nucleotides into DNA molecules is
DNA protease
DNA polymerase
ribose
carbohydrates
40
What are some differences between RNA and DNA?
Number of strands
Bases
Types of sugar
Type of phosphate
41
Each flip of a coin is 50/50 or 1/2 but the probability of flipping heads three times in a row is
25%
1/4
one half
1/8
42
hyphae our cells that slender branches filaments
True
False
43
___Analyze sections of DNA that have a little to no function, but that very widely from one individual to another
DNA microarray
forensics
Gene therapy
DNA fingerprinting
44
an example of this rabbit for a color
incomplete dominance
polygenic traits
multiple alleles
Codominance
45
leaves choose all that apply
go through photosynthesis
transports water and nutrients
protect against water lost
provide gas exchange in the stromata
46
palisade mesophyll choose all that apply
Closely packed with chloroplast
beneath the upper epidermis
inside the vascular
loose tissue for gas exchange
47
The two stands that make up DNA molecule run in the same direction
True
False
48
collenchyma
none of these
strong and flexible cells like celery
thin cell walls and many chloroplast
very thick and rigid
49
vascular plants advantage over plants because they
have chloroplast that can turn CO2 into O2
have vascular tissue to move water and nutrients throughout the plant
have small roots
Have alternation of generations
50
clump of tiny protein particles that can act like viral infection as well or called
antibiotic
amino acid
prion
vaccine
51
Which enzyme makes mRNA?
RNA polymerase
Primase
DNA polymerase
transciptionase
52
what role did fungi play in the ecosystem?
Producer
decomposer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
53
T = tall, t=short T Will mask or cover up t. What type of genotype is Tt.
short
homozygous
heterozygous
tall
54
___Stems are organized in a ring like pattern
monocot
lichen
dicot
non-vascular
55
fungal diseases are responsible for the loss of approximately __ percent of all crops
15%
20%
5%
10%
56
parasitic fungi can also infect humans examples are choose all that
athlete foot
yeast infection
strep throat
thrush
57
The scientist responsible for the discovery of bacterial transformation is...
Crick
Watson
Griffith
Flanklin
58
Since fermentation requires no oxygen, what process is occurring
Aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
all of these
photosynthesis
59
mushrooms are heterotrophs who…
excrete enzymes that break down the food and then absorb it
make their own food because they are a plant
none of these
consume their food using their mouth
60
Click on all the differences between DNA and RNA
RNA contains Uracil and not Thymine
RNA is single stranded
The sugar in RNA had Ribose
DNA travels in the cytoplasm to make protiens
61
How many different amino acids make polypeptides?
46
20
4
12
62
The job of DNA is...
storing information
copying information
all of these
transmitting information
63
where are chloroplast found?
in vascular tissue of stem
in the stroma
in dermal tissue of leaf
in ground tissue of leaf
64
What are the three types of RNA?
DNA, rRNA, tRNA
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
mRNA, tRNA, DNA
mRNA, DNA, tRNA
65
which of the following are rules fungi can complete in the environment?
predators
decomposers
mutualistic
parasites
66
What is a dominant allele?
one that will not be likely to show up
one that will probably cover up the recessive
all of these
one that is only present if both alleles are inherited
67
___Is the individuals with similar characteristics
Biotechnology
inbreeding
none of these
hybridization
68
all sex linked the are found on the___
all chromosomes
21st pair
22nd pair
23rd pair
69
select all that apply. Select the prokaryotic’s from the list.
bacteria
archaea
plants
protists
70
1897 Dutch scientist louis pasteur discovered viruses – Latin for poison
True
False
71
What shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs arranged in order decreasing size?
karyotype
chromosome
pedigree
polymerase
72
The two backbones of the DNA structure consist of...
adenines and thymines
thymine and sugars
phosphates and sugars
adenines and sugars
73
What does the spliceosome remove from mRNA in RNA processing?
Exons
introns
SNURPS
DNA
74
The very beginning of a protein starts as a...
polypeptide chain
carbohydrate
phospholipid
none of these
75
The darker colors are more dominant and human genetics of skin color
True
False
76
which below is correct statement about xylem
silent protects plants services
all these
xylem transports water down a plant from the leaf roots
xylem transport water up the plant from roots to leaves
77
A nucleotide does not contain...
an amino acid
a phosphate group
a nitrogen base
a five carbon sugar
78
if you have trisomy on the 21st pair you have…
typhoid fever
The flu
cystic fibrosis
down syndrome
79
transportation (evaporation from plant leaf) plays an important role in what cycle?
wash
nitrogen
carbon
water
80
of the milk in the UScomesfrom cows that have been injected with hormones made by recombinant DNA to increase production
30%
50%
20%
10%
81
DNA was actually discovered in the late 1800's in what type of cells?
cardiac cells
neurons
red blood cells
white blood cells
82
Who discovered the halical structure of DNA?
Francis Crick
James Watson
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
83
What is the TATA box part of that allows RNA to bind to the stand?
the upstram
chromosome number 2
the promoter region
none of these
84
binary fission is like meiosis
True
False
85
The first step in decoding these genetic instructions is to copy part of the base sequences from DNA to...
codons
RNA
DNA
nucleotides
86
The mass of branching hyphae below the soil is the…
conjugation tube
nucleus
fruiting body
metabolism
87
What produces a plant that has two different parents?
regeneation
self pollination
asexual reproduction
cross-pollination
88
antibiotics are a preparation of a week or dead, pathogen or inactive toxins
True
False
89
The three types of bacteria shapes are
bacill coccl and square
round curly and square
bacill cocci spirlls
cocci spherical and curly
90
Which of these genotypes is heterozygous?
ww
all of these
WW
Ww
91
What organism did Mendel study to learn about the patterns of inheritance?
pea plants
squirrels
people
all of these
92
select all that apply which of the following is used to create a genome sequence?
add colored A’s T‘s C’s and G’s with the DNA
cut dna into pieces
read the color of DNA letters
transcribed the DNA into RNA
93
The process by which one strain of bacterium is apparently changes into another strain is called
transformation
duplication
replication
transcription
94
When do diabetics get their insulin from now?
pigs
all of these
dogs
E Celli and certain types of yeast
95
with pedigree, you can determine if the trait is…
dominant
all of these
recessive
Sex link
96
___ process that to treat medical disease or
DNA microarray
Gene therapy
forensics
DNA fingerprint
97
What is helicase's job?
unwinds DNA and break the hydrogen bonds
adds nitrogen bases to each new strand
all of these
glues DNA together by forming hydrogen bonds
98
Small repeating units within DNA are called what?
sugar
phosphates and base
nucleotides
amino acid
99
What is an allele?
A chromosome that is missing a gene
Different versions of the same gene
Two genes that produce the same trait
A disorder that occurs because a chromosome is missing
100
Adenine binds with what in RNA?
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
101
if your head is, I guess carrier for cystic fibrosis you can have a good chance of being immune to…
malaria
The flu
typhoid fever
sickle cell
102
The DNA in bacteria is in the form of a
None of these
ring of DNA called plasmaid
A strand of DNA called plasmid
round nucleus
103
When both trades are clearly expressed it is an example of...
incomplete dominance
simple dominance
regeneration
codominance
104
all fungi are beneficial to the environment
True
False
105
how many years ago did the vascular plant evolve on earth?
420, million years ago
400 million years ago
300 million years ago
420,000 years ago
106
what type of blood type can received from anyone?
O
AB
A
B
107
on average one out of 1200 basis do not match for humans. These are called…
SNPs
SNAFU
SNL
SMURFS
108
root choose all that apply
anchor plant in the ground
have mutualistic relationship with bacteria and fungi
go through photosynthesis
absorb water and minerals
109
the major groups of fungi differ from one another in there…
reproductive structure
hyphae
physiology
time of year they reproduce
110
sclerenchyma
strong and flexible like celery
very thick and ridgid
none of these
thin cell walls and many chloroplast
111
When RNA is edited portions that are cut out are called... and the remaining pieced are...
Introverts and extroverts
exons and introns
introns and exons
Introns and DNA
112
An organism whose Dna has genes from another organism is a transgenic organism
False
True
113
___Is a glass fly to which spots of single-stranded DNA have been lightly attached
Gene therapy
DNA fingerprinting
DNA microarray
forensics
114
stem choose all that apply
transport, water, and nutrients
protect the plant from disease and predators
support the plant body
go through photosynthesis
115
virus
can only reproduce it host cells
nonliving
all the above
made from proteins and nucleic acid
116
in what tissue does photosynthesis take place
vascular
roots
ground
dermal
117
chitin is a polymer made of sugars that also found in external skeletons ___
coral
Bird
insects
human
118
Non-sex cells are called... cells and they are... Sex cells are called... and they are...
eggs/diploid sperm/haploid
Somatic cells/diploid gametes/ haploid
somatic cells/polyploid gametes/polyploid
gametes/diploid somatic cells/haploid
119
DNA in the bacteria is the bacterial DNA plasmid that contains only bacterial genes
True
False
120
more than___genes are found on the X chromosome, the Y chromosome is smaller and ___genes
1 billion, 1 million
500, 1300
1300, 500
1200, 400
121
what does scientist used to make copies of each genome piece?
protein synthesis
polypeptide
enzymes
glucose
122
Which of these is younger than all of the others?
Plants
Archaea
Bacteria
123
Nitrogen bases are connected by what bonds?
flux capacitor
Ionic
hydrogen
nitrogenous
124
___is the loss of water through throughout the leaves
ovulation
sublirmation
asexual reproduction
transpiration
125
Chitin the cells strengthening which type biomolecule
lipid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
protein
126
select all that apply which of the following are bases found in DNA?
uracil
Guanine and thymine
Cytosine
Adine
127
male and female reproductive cells join a process known as___ to produce a new cell
Fermentation
gestation
a clump of cells
fertilization
128
each gene code for…
Nucleic solid
carbohydrates
protein
fat
129
The gene for male pattern baldness is on the X chromosome. Why are women less likely to be bald than men?
Women are better than men
Womenonly have one copy of the gene because they only have one X chromosome
Women have two copies of the gene bc have two copies of the Y chromosome
Women don"t have a copy of the gene because they have a Y chromosome
130
if you were here or I guess carrier for sickle cell, you have a good chance to be immune too…
Typhoid fever
malaria
The flu
cystic fibrosis
131
The top of mushrooms is actually The…
mycelium
fruiting body
conjugation tube
nucleus
132
Which of the statements are true?
all of these
Fungi are used for creating chemicals used in drugs
Fungi can cause diseases
Fungi are used in making bread and alcohol
133
ground tissue
replaced by many equally sized branch roots
The primary route grows long and thick
completely enclosed by endodermis
all of these
134
___is a legal tool that give an individual or company the exclusive profit from its innovations for a # of years
Dna finger printing
patent
gene therapy
dna microareay
135
DNA is genotype and protein is...
homozygous
delicious
none of these
phenotype
136
A vaccine blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
True
False
137
T+ tall, t+short, T will mask or cover up t. What type of phenotype is Tt.
short
Tall
Heterozygous
homozygous
138
we can now clone many animals like…
Alien
humans
cows
dinosaur
139
What is the role of DNA ligase?
replace RNA
join together Okazaki fragments
connect the two strands together with hydrogen bonds
add bases
140
__Is the application of technological process invention or method of living organisms?
Biotechnology
inbreeding
none of these
hybridization
141
Each 3 letter word in mRNA is known as...
exon
codon
RNA
anticodon
142
there are more than__species of fungi today
1 million
1.5 million
1.5 billion
2 million
143
soon it will be possible to know your entire G sequence in just a few minutes for what price?
The cost of a birthday present
A cup of coffee
The cost of a new house
The cost of a new car
144
What is heredity?
Passing of genetic traits from predators to prey
Passing of genetic traits from offspring to parent
All of these
Passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring
145
In the eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called...
nucleotides
DNA polymerase
chromamatin
histones
146
why does some foods require pasteurization?
it kills unwanted, fungus, and viruses
they kill unwanted bacteria, and fungi
it makes food taste better
147
archaea are often found in what type of environment
Cold conditions, such as within an ice
tropical jungle
Extreme conditions that would kill other organisms
The same locations as bacteria
148
almost all the bacteria are Photosynthetic
False
True
149
What is the likelihood that a particular event will occur
heredity
probability
all of these
gambling
150
this type of infection causes the cells to burst out
phospholipid
lytic
Listerine
Lysogenic
151
bacterial mut are sped by breeders by using radiation or other chem. Some bacterial mutations are used for consuming…
Oil
all of these
radioactive waste
other pollution
152
Factors that are passed from parent to offspring are called... The different forms of genes are called...
heredity/genes
alleles/genes
genes/alleles
Homozygous/heteozygous
153
bacteria is important that apply
decomposers sewage treatment help purify water fertilizers
producers photosynthetic make oxygen and our major food source in the ocean
humans use them to make food like yogurt they can break down petroleum
nitrogen gas into ammoniumnitrate in the soila fertilizer for plant plants
154
fungal disease diseases can also affect…
frogs
all these
mammals
insects
155
One way that scientists group bacteria is by
whether or not they have a flagellum
all the above
They’re so wall and color they become during straining technique
The materials in the cell wall
156
how do we control bacteria choose that apply
disinfectant, which are chemical chemicals that kill bacteria
food storage and food processing
sterilization by heat medical in instruments are cleaned from high temps
physical removal washing hands
157
an example of this skin, color in human
Incomplete dominance
polygenic traits
codominant
Multiple alleles
158
the past year was the first person to show that bacteria causes disease
False
True
159
genetic modification could lead to better less expensive and more nutritious food examples would be…
Yield higher crops
crops that do not need to be sprayed with herbicides
all of these
crops that do not need to be sprayed with particles
