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WH 12.2 Flashcards | StudBud
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WH 12.2
WH 12.2
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1
How accurate were Eratosthenes’ calculations of Earth's circumference?
Completely accurate
Off by less than 2 percent
Off by more than 10 percent
Off by about 1 percent
2
Why did Copernicus delay the publication of his book?
He was waiting for more scientific evidence.
He was not ready to share his findings with the public.
He wanted to make revisions to the theory.
He feared the controversy and backlash from the church.
3
What was Kathy Ku’s goal when she designed the ceramic water filter?
To build a factory in her home country
To improve the taste of water in Uganda.
To create a low-cost filter for global distribution.
To have filters made with locally sourced materials.
4
Which groups of scholars helped preserve and advance scientific knowledge after the Western Roman Empire collapsed?
Ancient Greek philosophers
Muslim scholars
Byzantine scholars
European monks
Catholic Church leaders
5
What discoveries did Galileo make when he used a telescope to observe the heavens?
The sun had spots.
The Earth was flat.
The planets did not revolve around the sun.
The moon had craters
The stars were not real.
6
According to the moderns, what was the key to gaining knowledge?
Human reason
Divine revelation
Religious faith
Classical writings
7
What significant contributions did Caroline Lucretia Herschel make to astronomy?
She discovered eight comets and star clusters.
She developed a new method for observing planets.
She was the first woman to study the moon.
She wrote a book on celestial bodies.
8
What method did Kathy Ku initially encounter for treating contaminated water?
Adding chemicals to purify the water.
Boiling the water to kill bacteria.
Filtering water through ceramic filters.
Setting water out in plastic bottles in the sun.
9
What is Maria Gaetana Agnesi best known for in mathematics?
She discovered the laws of motion.
She invented algebraic symbols.
She wrote a treatise on experimental physics.
She developed integral and differential calculus.
10
What was Blaise Pascal’s invention and its significance?
An early digital calculator.
A barometer to measure air pressure.
A telescope for space observations.
A microscope to study cells.
11
What were the consequences for Galileo after he supported the heliocentric theory?
He was placed under house arrest.
He was forced to renounce his views.
He was awarded a scientific prize.
He was exiled from Italy.
He was praised by the church.
12
How did Kepler’s discovery of planetary motion challenge earlier beliefs?
Planets move in circular orbits.
Celestial motion is random.
Earth is the center of the solar system.
Planets move in elliptical orbits.
13
What was Andreas Vesalius’s contribution to anatomy?
He created detailed human anatomy descriptions.
He discovered the law of gravity.
He invented the first digital calculator.
He proved planets move in elliptical orbits.
14
What problem did Kathy Ku encounter in Uganda that led her to create a solution?
Lack of access to clean drinking water.
Poor quality of the local water treatment plants.
Difficulty in sourcing materials for water filters.
The presence of dangerous diseases.
15
What was the reason Roger Bacon was imprisoned by the Catholic Church?
He criticized the calendar reform
He questioned the geocentric theory
His scientific studies were seen as contrary to religious tradition
He promoted the use of the decimal system
16
What was Isaac Newton’s major scientific contribution?
Invention of the microscope.
Development of the theory of evolution.
Discovery of universal gravitation and laws of motion.
Discovery of the atomic structure.
17
What was the main difference between the "ancients" and the "moderns" in 17th-century intellectual debates?
The ancients rejected the ideas of classical authors.
The moderns focused only on religious teachings.
The moderns accepted classical authors as infallible.
The ancients based their beliefs on authors like Aristotle.
18
What scientific approach did Sir Francis Bacon promote?
Inductive reasoning
Religious faith-based inquiry
Deductive reasoning
Systematic doubt
19
What does Boyle’s law state about gases?
Gas pressure and temperature are directly related.
Gas volume increases with increased pressure.
Gas volume decreases with increased pressure.
Gas pressure is constant under all conditions.
20
How did the printing press impact scientific progress in the 17th century?
It slowed down the exchange of ideas.
It led to a ban on the publication of scientific works.
It made books more easily available, aiding the spread of ideas.
It decreased the availability of scientific knowledge.
21
What was Laura Bassi's groundbreaking achievement in the field of physics?
She was the first woman to complete a doctorate in physics.
She discovered new star clusters and nebulae.
She introduced Newton’s ideas to Italy.
The first woman professor of physics at the University of Bologna.
22
What did most Europeans in the 17th century believe provided answers to basic questions about the natural world?
Christian faith
Mathematics
Scientific inquiry
Ancient Greek philosophy
23
How did Francis Bacon apply the principles of scientific rationalism beyond science?
He applied them to the arts and literature.
He applied them to religious practices.
He applied them to government.
He applied them to improve scientific equipment.
24
What was the main idea behind scientific rationalism?
Theories should be developed without any empirical evidence.
Observe, experiment, and math replaced ancient wisdom and church teachings
Government policies should be based on religious beliefs.
Ancient wisdom and church teachings should guide scientific truth.
25
Which famous saying by René Descartes expressed his belief in the importance of reason for proving existence?
“I think, therefore I am.”
“God is truth.”
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
“Knowledge is power.”
26
What was one of the most important institutions in spreading scientific ideas like scientific rationalism?
Universities in France
The French government
The Royal Society of England
The Catholic Church
27
Who was the ancient Greek scholar that concluded Earth was the center of the universe?
Roger Bacon
Thomas Aquinas
Eratosthenes
Aristotle
28
What was the main idea of Copernicus's heliocentric theory?
The Earth is the center of the solar system.
The sun is the center of the solar system.
Planets do not revolve around any central point.
The stars revolve around the Earth.
