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Biology 120 Final Study Session
Biology 120 Final Study Session
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1
A monomer is to a polymer, as a glucose is to:
proteins
lipids
glycogen
nucleic acids
2
Regarding the endosymbioisis theory, which step of phagocytosis was most likely defective?
Internalization
Fusion with lysosome/degradation
Attachment
Exocytosis
3
What's another name for a weak ionic charge(ex partial charge of H. in H20 form a weak ionic interaction w/polar groups)
Hydrophobic Bond
Hydrophilic Bond
Ionic Bond
Hydrogen Bond
4
All life forms have 8 features in common. Which of the following are not one of these?
Organisms maintain homeostasis (the ability to resist change)
All living organisms are dependant a constant supply of oxygen for survival
Cells are the simplest unit of life
All o the above
5
Which of the following are NOT properties of both actin filaments and microtubules?
they are hollow tubes
they are polymers of individual protein monomers
they can grow and shrink (lengthen and shorten)
they maintain cell shape
6
If a segment of DNA is 15% andenine, what is the percent cytosine?
60%
Not enough information to answer
85%
35%
7
Salt Conc. is 200mM in an animal cell, and placed into a solution of 150mM salt. What happens to the water?
There will be NO net movement
Water will move into the cell and the cell will lyse
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will lyse
Water will move out fo the cell and the cell will crenate
8
The primary structure of a protein is determined by:
peptide bonds
its genes
ribosomes
hydrogen bonds
9
The molecular formula for cholesterol is C27H46O. What is the molecular weight?
27,000g/mol
386g/mol
73g/mol
29g/mol
10
e- transport chain/ox fos steps of glucose metabolism, the pH of the mitochondrial intermembrane space decreases when:
RED and BLUE
None of the above
NADH provides energy, a hydrogen ion is pumped across the inner membrane
FADH2 provides energy, a hydrogen ion is pumped across the inner membrane
11
What is the name of the semi-autonomous organelle that is common in plants and animals?
Mitochondria
Plasma Membrane
All of the above
Chloroplast
12
The Km of na enzyme is:
RED and YELLOW
The fastest rate an enzyme can work
A measure of affinity a substrate has for an enzyme
The concentration of substrate where velocity of an enzyme is half-maximal
13
What are the 2 stages of photosythesis and what do they produce?
light reaction (makes energy) and the calvin cycle (makes ATP)
None of the above
Light reaction (makes ATP and NADP) and calvin cycle (makes glyc.-3-phosp)
pyruvate oxidation(makes acetyl CoA) and ox fos (makes ATP)
14
Glycogen is to animal cells as ______ is to plant cells
Cellulose
lipid
Starch
glucose
15
Which statemet is true?
None of the above
The citric acid cycle occurs in the chloroplast stroma
electron transport chain and ATP synthase occur in the cytosol
Ox Fos occurs in the cytosol
16
Functional group that helps stabilize the teriary structure of a protein via the formation of covalent bonds is _____?
-NH3
-OH
-SH
-PO4
17
A transmembrane protein in the plasma membrane is glycosylated, where in this protien is the site located after sorted?
in a hydrophobic region that projects inot the cytosol
in transmembrane proteins
in a hydrophilic region that projects into the extracellular environment
All of the above
18
What was done to the GMO pigs to enabel such xenotransplantation?
The gene enzyme named oligosaccharide transferase was knocked out
The gene for the enzyme named acyltransferase was knocked out
The gene for an enzyme named signal peptidase was knocked out
The green fluorescent gene was knocked out
19
What is the molecular mechanism used by white blood cells to move (e.g. as they chase after bacteria)?
Molecular motors on microtubules
cilia
flagella
Actin polymerization and depolymerization
20
What is happening to a solute when it dissolves water
Partial charge of H of water form hydrophobic interaction with polar groups
None of the above
Partial charge on the H of water form a weak ionic b. with polar groups
21
The majority of the G3P produced during the reduction and carb. production phase of the calvin cycle is used to produce
glucose
ATP
RuBP to continue the cycle
rubisco
22
Which of the following locations of metabolic reactions in an animal cell are incorrect?
citric acid cycle; cytoplasm
Calvin cycle, stroma
Photosythesis; chloroplasts
glyclysis; cytoplasm
23
Which of the following have mitochondria
Animals
Plants
BLUE and YELLOW
Bateria
24
The phenomenon through which populations of organisms change over several generations is termed ___________.
Reproduction
Biological Evolution
Growth and Development
Homeostasis
25
In photosynthesis why is it important that ATP and NADPH are made in the chloroplast stroma?
Because they are used by the citric acid cycle
because they are used by the calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma
Because they are transported across the inner membrane to the intermembrane
None of the above
26
What is the term used ot describe the conformation change an enzyme undergoes when a substrate binds to its active site?
Inferred Fit
Induced Fit
Noncompetitive Fit
Competitive Fit
27
Why are most channels "gated"?
Gating provides a way to regulate the channel
if channels were open always, the concentration would be the same,=celldies
All of the above
If channels were closed all the time, cells could not respond to signals
28
Joke: Two hydrogens are walking down the street. One says "Hey, I just lost a e-". "Are you sure" "Yes, I am_____."
Hydrophobic
Positive
Negative
Nonpolar
29
The functional __ groups are generally found within amino acids, while carbohydrates contain the __ functional groups.
amino and methyl; sulfate and phosphate
carboxyl; hydroxyl and amino
phosphate and hydroxyl; carbonyl and carboxyl
amino and carboxyl; hydroxyl
30
What structural feature of a protein causes a region to form an extracellular segment?
a sequence of hydrophilic nucleotides
a stretch of 20 hydrophobic amino acids
a stretch of hydrophilic amino acids, with a stretch of 20 hydropic amino a
it must contain only amino acids with non-polar R groups
31
If NaCl conc. in cytoplams in an animal cell is 150nM, placed into a solution of 200mM NaCL, what happens to the water?
Water will move into the cell and the cell will lyse
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will crenate
Water moves out of the cell and the cell will lyse
There will be NO net movement
32
The tendency for Na+ to move into a cell cna be due to:
The attraction forces of K+ inside the cell pulling Na+
the net negative charge inside the cell attracting the pos charged Na+
Higher Na+ outside cell, causing chemical concentration gradiant
RED and BLUE ONLY
33
After observing an increase of lung discease inadults who vape... chem. inhalded can damage lung tissues is a example of
A Hypothesis
A Law
A Theory
A Prediction
34
3 stages of cell signaling in order of occurance are
Not this one either
Not this one
receptor activation, signal transduction, cellular response
receptor activation, cellular response, signal transduction
35
An amino acid is to a protein as a ______ is to DNA
nucleotide
glucose
fatty acid
glycerol
36
What step is ATP made in glycolysis?
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
Pyruvate oxidation
37
Which of the following is LEAST hydrophillic?
HCO3
Na+
amphipathic molecule
CH3-(CH2)17-CH3
38
Which si the main component of a plasma membrane?
Phospholipids
Steriods
Glucose
Triglycerides
39
A key difference between prokaryotic cells and euakaryotic cells is ___________.
Only eukaryotic cells have plamsa membranes
Only eukaryotic cells have ribosomes
Only eukaryotic cells are compartmetentalized
Onyl eukaryotic cells have genes
40
You observe a vesicle that is transporting insulin form the ER to golgi, reaches golgi but no fusion, whats the defect?
T-snare
V-snare
coat protiens
V-snare or T-snare
41
Fatty acid tails in a phospholipid that have carbon-carbon double bonds:
All of the above
Called "unsaturated" and increase membrane fluidity
Varying from one type of phospholipid to another
Prevent tight packing with other fatty acid tails
42
The __ differs between cells from different organs in the same individal organism, but the __ is exactly the same
Proteome, Genome
Taxonomic Classification, Kingdom
Genome, Proteome
Genotype, Phenotype
43
The vaccine against the flu or COVID virus prevents the virus from entering a cell. What mech is the vaccine preventing?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Virus Replication
44
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid
Unsaturated are usually liquid at room temperature
All of the above
unsaturated has one or more C=C bonds
Unsaturated is bent, not linear, molecules
45
A polar covalent bond is created when:
e-transfer from one atom to another, changes the charge making bond stable
bonded atoms have unequalpull on shared e-,e-sspend equal time w/each other
bonded atoms have equalpull on shared e-,e-'s spend equal time w/each other
46
Molecular weight of glucose is 180g/mol. What's the molecular weight of starch that is made up of 10 glucose molecules?
1,638g/mol
1,800g/mol
18,000g/mol
18g/mol
47
The primary complexes for protein degradation and syntheisis in eukaryotse are __ and __, respectively.
proteases; lysosome
proteasomes; ribosomes
ribosomes; proteasomes
ribosomes; mRNA
48
Stroma is ot chloroplasts as ____ is to mitochondia
Thylakoid
Matrix
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
49
In animal cells, fermentation results in pyruvate being converted to lactate fermentation results in pyruvate convert to
Lactate
Ethanol
Chlorophyll
ADP
50
Estrogen recepeter protein contain a region that binds to estogen and a region that binds DNA. Whats another name forit?
alpha-helices
other
Beta sheets
domains
51
If the pH of the mitochondrial intermembrane space decreases, then:
ATP synthase will increase
The hydrogen concentration has increased
All of the above
pyruvate transport into the matric will increase
52
Microscopic resolution refers to:
the ability to tell two adjacent structures apart
the way a sample is illuminated
the magnification of an object
using dyes to highlight a particular structure
53
Which of the following are in the correct order of increasing complexity?
Atoms; Biosphere; Cells; Community
Macromolecules; Cells; Tissues; Organs
Macromolecules; Cells; Organs; Tissues
Ecosystem; Population; Tissues; Cells
54
Which of the following are properties of btoh actin filaments and microtubules?
All of the above
They maintain shape and mobility
They can grow and shrink
They are polymers of individual protein monomers
55
Where is most of the ATP made in glucose metabolism?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation
Citric Acid Cycle
Pyruvate Oxidation
56
What is a chemoattractant?
a sex pheromone
None of the above
a chemical produced by a cell that attracts a different cell (e.g. WBC)
a type of motor protein
57
Cynide inhinits one of the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP. Cyanide must effect which organelle?
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Peroximomes
Mitochondria
58
Which is one purpose for generating green fluroescent (GFP-transgenic) pigs?
For research; allow easy tracking when implanted into other organisms
To make a Dr. Suess Book
So you can eat glow in the dark bacon DUH
None of the above
59
How much more comcentrated in hydrogen ions is a solution that is pH 3 compared to a solutuion that is pH9?
10,000 times
100 times
1,000 times
1,000,000 times
60
Which light will produce the highest rate of photosynthesis (highest wavelength of energy)?
Blue (430nm)
Red (700nm)
Yellow (580nm)
Gree (500nm)
61
Plants have btoh NADH and NADPH
True
False
62
What is the name of the motor protein that carries a vesicle (cargo) along in a microtubule?
cilian
motorase
kinesin
flagillin
63
What would be the impact if the inner mitochondrila membrane was freely permeable to protons (H+)?
Protons would diffuse across the membrane w/o going through ATP synthase
Pyruvate transport into the intermembrane space would not occur
ATP would not be produced by oxidative phosphorylation
All of the above
64
Which of the following is in the correct order of increasing electronegativity?
Oxygen; Nitrogen; Carbon; Hydrogen
Hydrogen; Carbon; Nitrogen; Oxygen
Nitrogen; Oxygen; Carbon; Hydrogen
Oxygen; Nitrogen; Hydrogen; Carbon
65
Which of the following is a charectoristic of a prokaryotic cell?
NOT having intercellular membrane-bound compartments
Ribosomes
Genes
All fo the above
66
In the stable tertiary form of a protein, what is generally oriented to the interior of the protien molecule?
charged R groups
hydrophobic R groups
hydrophilic R groups
polar R groups
67
Peptide bonds are to protiens as _____ are to genes.
glycosidic bonds
DNA
fatty acids
phosphodiester bonds
68
Some herbasides work by inhibiting photosystem 2, what are the consequences of this?
Both oxygen would not be produced and ATP synthesis would decrease
Both oxygen would not be produced and NADPH would not be made
NADPH is not made
Oxygen is not produced
69
A genetic mutation in a gene will possibly change the proteins' __________.
Primary structure
All of the above
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
70
In the secondary structure of a protein, what bonds, other than peptide bonds, help stabilize the structure?
glycosidic bonds
All of the above
hydrogen bonds
phosphodiester bonds
71
Electrophysiology is a technique used to measure:
A proteins molecular weight
DNA synthesis
ATP synthesis
Ion Transport
72
The ability for a bacterial cell to resist a change in it's cytoplasmic pH is termed:
Homeostasis
Acidification
Metabolism
Evolution
73
The membrane of organelles are made of phospholipids, with the hydrophobic heads of each leaflet of the phospholipids __
None of the above
facing both the cytoplasm and the interior of the organelle
facing both the exterior of the cell and interior of the organelle
all facing the interior of the organelle
74
Why is pyruvate converted to lactate in anarobic conditions?
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate produces NADH
Lactic acid is responsible for thfe "burn" felt when lifting weights
To produce more oxygen to allow the electron transport chain to resume
To regenerate NAH+ from NADH and keep glycolysis functioning
75
The water necessary for photosynthesis
comes from the mitchondria
provide H+ needed to synthesize G3P
is directly involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates
provides the electrons to replace lost electrons in P680 in photosystem 2
76
Which of the following pairs of functional groups are LIKELY associated with each other via hydrogen bonding
methyl and amino
methyl and sulfhydryl
All of the above
hydroxyl and amino
77
Mutation codes for hydrolase enzme in lysosome, changes amino acid in active site so enzyme dont func. prop. It affects?
The lysosome will not be able to fuse with phagosomes or old/damaged cells
The lysosomes will not be able to digest certain molecules
The lysosomes will not degrade hydrogen perioxide
The lysosomes will not make phospholipids
78
Which is the name given to the process in which solutes are moved accross the memb. against the concent. gradient (L->H)
Osmosis
Active Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Pinocytosis
79
RIbosomes are the site of ________.
detoxifying reactions
Peptide bond formation
protein digestion/degradation
lipid synthesis
80
Cell signaling thatentails a signaling molecule that is secreted byone particular cell and affects nearby cellnot itself
paracrine
contact-dependant
autocrine
endocrine
81
Chromosomal domains refer to:
discrete regions in the nucleus where each individual chromosome is found
cytoskeleton regions where the genes are found
Regions of proteins that bind chromosomes
regions in the lysosome where DNA is degraded
82
In photosynthesis, why is it important that ATP and NADPH are made in the mitochondrial matrix?
They are transported across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space
They are used by the citric acid cycle, which takes place in the matrix
They are used by the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the matrix
None of the above
83
Tubulin is to microtubules as ____ is to aictin filaments
Actin
Kinesin
Chitin
Keratin
84
There are4 different forces that hold a protien together in its 3 dimensional (tertiary) structure. Which is strongest?
disulfide bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
hydrophobic interactions
85
A research project that entails idenitifying all the bacteria in the human large intestine is considered as __ reasearch
Exploratory-Based Research
Discovery-Based Research
Hypothesis-Based Research
Theorized-Based Research
86
Plants have a mitochondia and chloroplasts
True
False
87
Which of the following are produced during the citric acid cycle?
ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2
Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH
ATP and NAD+
ATP and NADH
88
Which of the following carry out glycolysis?
Animals
All of the above
Bateria
Plants
89
In feedback inhibition, how does the final product of the pathway inhibit the pathway?
By binding to the active site of the last enzyme in the pathway
By binding to an allosteric site of the first enzyme in the pathway
By binding to the active site of the first enzyme in the pathway
By binding to the product of the first reaction
90
ALL proteins are made by ________.
Rough ER
RIbosomes
Vesicles
Nucleus
91
What are reactant that particpate in the calvin cycle?
ATP, NADPH, CO2
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Photons, water, ADP, NADP
ATP, NADH, FADH2
92
If a cell has defective catalase activity, which organelle will not be functional?
Lysosome
Vesicle
Golgi
Peroxisome
93
An atom with an atomic number of 17 and with 18 electrons is:
an isotope
a cation
positively charged
an anion
94
What is the pH of an aqueous solution whose [OH-] concentration is 10-4?
10
40
8
4
95
Molecular weight of estrogen is 272g/mol. What's the molarity of a 2 liter aqueous solution that contains 544g estrogen?
1.0M
2.0M
0.1M
0.5M
96
Plasma membranes are a feature of _____.
plants and animal cells
prokaryotic cells only
eukaryotic cells only
all cells
97
Which of following pairs of functional groups will NOT associate with each other via hydrogen bonding:
All of the above
hydroxyl and amino
hydroxyl and phosphate
methyl and amino
98
How often can an enzyme be used to catalyze a biochemical reaction?
Once
Many Times
Never
Twice
99
Sickle cell enemia iscaused by a mutation that changes glutamic acid in a protein to a hydrophic amino acid. Mutant can
It could eliminate a hydrogen bond with a polar amino acid, changestructure
All of the above
It could eliminate ionic interaction with a lysine, changing the structure
It could change the shape (structure), changing the function of hemoglobin
100
Which of the following are the IMPORTANT elements in biology?
Selenium, chromium, molybdenum
All of the above
calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride
oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen
