definition of failure to thrive

infant does not grow at the expected rate

1. A gender role is…

Culturally defined expectation how boys and girls should act

What does a Positron Emission Tomography test/do?

amount of blood flow associated with brain activity

What does a Computed Tomography do/test

advanced version of x ray technique 3D pics. of the brain

1. Which is NOT one of the major goals identified in the bilingual technique?

allows English students to learn other languages

Stage 2 of Piagets cognitive development and when it occurs

primary circular reactions (1-4 months)

speed of information traveling through nervous system +

What is egocentric speech?

children carry on lively conversation

Definition of Phonology

learn the sounds of their language

play with others and are active participants

What is the conclusion regarding sibling influences on gender-type behavior?

Both same-sex and other-sex siblings have a strong influence

Define reciprocal interactions

interactions that shape relationships

Piagets definition of circular reactions

infants motor activity that is repeated in developing stages

In Ainsworth study, what characteristics were shown in avoidantly attached children

rarely cry during seperation, avoid mothers at reunion

children play by themselves not involved with others

What occurs during Piaget's formal operational stage

concrete operations combine to become formal operations

Child watches others and may call out suggestions

1. What did the famous “Harlow’s Monkeys” experiment find?

Cloth mother was preferred over the wired mother

What does a Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) test/do

magnetic quality of blood to measure internal structures

Define sensitive responsiveness

ability to recognize the meaning of a child's behavior

studbud

Human Development Exam 2

152 termsStudBud Administration17 plays

An introduction to Infancy all the way to Adolescence

Flashcards152 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 152

Answers

1
Psychological characteristics of middle childhood include all except
moral reasoning
conservation
random scribbling
seriation
2
Which is NOT a benefit to breastfeeding
less at risk for allergies
protection against diseases
have stronger senses
easier transition to solid food
3
By the age of 8 or 9 brain has reached the size it will be in adulthood
True
False
4
which is not a reason why a mother shouldn't breastfeed
taking medication that could be harmful
has active tuberculosis
is having another child
if she has AIDS
5
1. Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences?
musical
body-kinesthetic
naturalistic
Scientific
6
About ___ of first marriages end in divorce
25%
80%
50%
75%
7
White males are at the most risk for developing autism
True
False
8
definition of failure to thrive
infant dies unexpectedly due to lack of nutrition
infant doesn't meet measurements of its gender height/weight
infant does not grow at the expected rate
when child doesn't meet the expectations of the parents
9
Emma is liked for her kindness, generosity, and positivity. Which type of popularity?
Extreme
Sociometric
Percieved
Popular
10
Definition of syntax
sounds of their language
how to construct sentences
how to communicate
meanings of words
11
What is preintellectual speech
talking aloud to self
exploring concrete objects in world
crying, cooing, and babbling
children carry on conversation
12
1. A gender role is…
How someone feels
How someone percieve themselves either male or female
Culturally defined expectation how boys and girls should act
Characteristics that define a boy and a girl
13
Gilligan's developmental sequence is based on
moral reasoning
ethics of care
social justice
female superiority
14
1. Bowlby proposed that a child’s need for its mother is as strong as a need for food
True
False
15
What does a Positron Emission Tomography test/do?
amount of blood flow associated with brain activity
x ray techniques to present 3D brain pictures
measure neuron activity in brain by electrodes
use magnetic quality of blood to measure internal structures
16
How long should a woman breastfeed?
8.5 months
7 months
6 months
8 months
17
What does a Computed Tomography do/test
magnetic qulaity of blood to measure internal structures
amount of blood flow associated with brain activity
electrodes that measure neuron activity as in deep sleep
advanced version of x ray technique 3D pics. of the brain
18
1. Which is NOT one of the major goals identified in the bilingual technique?
instruction in content using both languages
acquisition of a second language, usually english
allows English students to learn other languages
continued development of the student’s primary language
19
Head Start was initiated in the
1960s
1980s
1990s
1970s
20
Stage 2 of Piagets cognitive development and when it occurs
Secondary circular reactions (1-6 months)
internalization of schemes (9-12 months)
primary circular reactions (1-4 months)
Tertiary circularr reactions (1-4 months)
21
What is myelination
part of neuron that recieves information
speed of information traveling through nervous system +
none of the above
speed of information traveling through nervous system -
22
Part of brain responsible for attention and actions
prefrontal cortex
temperal lobes
frontal lobes
amygdala
23
What is egocentric speech?
children explore concrete objects in their world
children carry on lively conversation
talking aloud to self
crying, cooing, babbling
24
What test is most commonly used
MRI
EEG
CT
PET
25
Definition of Phonology
how to communicate
how to construct sentences
learn the sounds of their language
meanings of words
26
What is inner speech?
child carry on lively conversations
cildren explore objects in thier world
talking aloud to self
crying, cooing, babbling
27
Cooperative play:
play by themselves
play with others and are active participants
watch people play and may yell suggestions
play next to but not with group
28
To solve problems that have only 1 correct answer, we are using ___ thinking
convergent
divergent
creative
critical
29
What is the conclusion regarding sibling influences on gender-type behavior?
Both same-sex and other-sex siblings have a strong influence
Same-sex siblings have more influence than other siblings
Siblings do not have much influence on the gender behavior
Other-sex siblings have more influence than samesex siblings
30
Neonatal problems include
All of the Above
failure to thrive
Neglect
Sudden infant death syndrome
31
Howard Gardners theory of multiple intelligences includes ___ equal intelligences
8
10
4
5
32
Define reciprocal interactions
interactions that destruct relationships
interactions that shape relationships
interactions that form friendships
interactions that bring people closer on a personal level
33
When do children express shame, guilt, and jealousy?
7-8 monthss
6-12 months
2-3 years
12-24 months
34
Which of the following behaviors is not associated with the preoperational period
walking steadily
language
symbolic play
drawing
35
The identity status in which numerous crises have been experienced and resolved and permanent
identity achievement
confused identity
identity moratorium
foreclosed identity
36
When does a babys smile emerge?
all of the above
6th week
3 months
3rd week
37
Piagets definition of circular reactions
none of the above
adolescent motor activity repeated in developing stages
sucking reflex is hereditary
infants motor activity that is repeated in developing stages
38
By the age of 5-6 years ____ of adult brain weight is present
90%
70%
100%
80%
39
True play has no ___ goals
divergent
intrinsic
extrinsic
coercive
40
Example of animism
walking like a lion at the zoo
sticking your finger up saying "put'em up"
believing a rock has feelings
pretending to be a doctor
41
In Ainsworth study, what characteristics were shown in avoidantly attached children
rarely cry during seperation, avoid mothers at reunion
none of the above
may look at the mother and away, show little emtion
distressed, stop exploring, seek mother at reunion
42
Solitary play:
watch others play may call out suggestions
cild plays with others
seen as observers and not actually engaged in activity
children play by themselves not involved with others
43
What occurs during Piaget's formal operational stage
preoperational stage + sensorimotor stage= formal operations
parts of the sensorimotor stage turn into formal operations
preoperations turn into formal operations
concrete operations combine to become formal operations
44
Who created the "looking chamber" and found infants like checkerboard, black and white, human
Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Robert Fantz
Mary Ainsworth
45
Onlooker play:
children seen as observers
children play beside but not with others
Child watches others and may call out suggestions
play with others
46
1. What did the famous “Harlow’s Monkeys” experiment find?
Cloth mother was preferred over the wired mother
There was no comfort for any of the moneys
All monkeys had long term effects of depression
There was no preference over either mother
47
One problem with intelligence tests is the the ___ of test takers and test makers may differ
circumstances
conditions
values
relationships
48
Who went against Piaget's ideas
Gelman and Baillargeon
Mary Ainsworth
Vygotsky
Skinner
49
What does FTT affect?
all of the above
math performance
height
study habits
50
What does a Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) test/do
magnetic quality of blood to measure internal structures
amount of blood flow associated with brain activity
electrodes placed on head to measure neuron activity
3D pictures, advanced x ray technique
51
Define sensitive responsiveness
ability to recognize the meaning of a child's behavior
not liking to be touched
childs sensitivity to the parents actions
parents sensitivity to childs response
52
define infantile amnesia
the inability to remember events from early in life
brad pitt
mothers inability to remember giving birth to child
withdraw from early life events
53
When does word spurt usually occur?
18 months
18 months-3 years
none of the above
12-24 months
54
What parents see as their ____ affects parent-child relationships
interactions
role
function
background
55
Unoccupied play:
children are seen observing but dont engage in play
watch others play and call out suggestions
children play by themselves
children play beside but not with others
56
Which of the following is a helpful tool for babies to communicate who can’t verbally speak?
Crying
Slapping
Sign Language
Using the alphabet
57
One of the greatest health challenges in middle childhood is
Low self esteem
Overwieght/ Obesity
Depression
Astma
58
What was the New York Longitudinal Study, by Chess and Thomas
Easy, difficult, slow to warm up
study done to categorize chilren into 3 types of temperament
long-term study of the personality characterist. of children
all of the above
59
Children who have similar levels of competence may have quite different levels of
television viewing
cognitive development
friendship
self-esteem
60
define social constructivism
support to assist child in task
none of the above
children construct knowledge though social interactions
children construct knowledge through the enviorment
61
Chess and Thomas definition of goodness of fit
none of the above
both answers
match between childs temperament and enviorment
individual differences, unique styles of behaving
62
Definition of semantics
how to communicate
construct sentences
sounds of their language
meanings of words
63
Definition of Egocentrism
Bowlby's term for adolescence who focus on self
Piaget's term for child's focus on self in cognitive devel.
Ainsworth term for child's focus on self in cognitive devel.
"all about me" phenomenon
64
Which of the following is NOT a reflex?
laughing
sucking
swallowing
Breathing
65
Definition of pragmatics
sound of their language
meanings of words
how to construct sentences
how to communicate
66
Children's ______ contributes significantly to their interactions with their enviorments
culture
gender
ages
temperaments
67
Defintion of Tertiary Circular reactions
combining secondary schemes to obtain a goal
repetition with variation; exploring the world's ideas
activities directed toward objects outside of self
focuses on own bodies and reflexes
68
Recent research indicated that gangs have which of these characteristics
Possess a consistent set of norms and expectations for all
members have lower expectations of success than nonmembers
Members are more likely to score high on IQ tests
members are as likely to have divorced parents
69
Among the protective factors for resilient children is
geographic mobility
temperament
assimilation
interactive error
70
What is stage 4 of Piaget's Cognitive development
Coordiniation of seconary schemes (8-12) months
Tertiary ciruclar reactions (8-12)
Secondary ciruclar reactions (11-12)
Primary ciruclar reactions (8-12)
71
John joins a gang as a pseudo family for him. He has strong ___ needs that are being displaced
friendship
dependency
financial
all fo the answers are correct
72
Definition of internalization of schemes
use of symbols to think about real events w/o experience
infant is exploring the world
none of the above
child realizes objects still exist after they "disappear"
73
Jake is athletic and good looking most people see him as stuck up Which type of popularity
Popular
Sociometric
Extreme
Percieved
74
1. What were the findings of the “Visual Cliff Experiment”?
Infants don't know depth
Infants discriminate depth when they begin to crawl
Infants cross over the depth when their mother is across it
Infants have trouble discriminating depth
75
Biologically based individual differences are known as
parental signposts
interactions
attachements
temperament
76
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teenagers
False
True
77
Defintion of secondary circular reactions
actions that focus on self
all of the above
infant activities directed toward objects and events outside
actions that focus on causing distress
78
Definition of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
lack of substance that keeps air sacs in the lungs open
decreased fluid in the blood stream needed to enter in heart
increased fluid in the blood stream entering into the heart
lack of substance that keeps air sacs in lungs closed
79
How does motor development begin
head to feet and from center of body to the arms and legs
head to feet
head to feet, and from left to right
from center of body to arms and legs
80
Stage 3 of Piaget's Cognitive Development and when it occures
Secondary Circular reactions (4-8 months)
Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months
Secondary Cirular reactions (6-9 months
Primary Circular reactions (4-8 months)
81
Sternberg's triarchic theory includes metacomponents, knowledge-acquisition components, and ___
chromosome components
performance components
gender components
age components
82
In Ainsworth study, what characteristics were shown in disorganized children
distressed, seek mother at reunion
rarely cry during seperation
show anxiety before seperation, seek and resist contact
confused behavior at reunion, show little emotion
83
What's an example in internalization of schemes
song uses car as an airplane
daughter cleans up her dishes after watching her momn do it
all of the above
daughter uses paper-towel tube pretending its a leaf blower
84
Risk factors that predict teenage pregnancy are
neither a or b
early school failure
both a and b
early behavior problems
85
When do most cases of SIDS occur?
Summer/Autum
Autum/Winter
Spring/Summer
Winter/Spring
86
Types of play include functional, constructive, make-believe, and games with
rules
punishment
balls
rewards
87
Friends provide certain resources for children. Which of these is not a resource provided
opprotunity for learning skills
membership in the sibling underworld
chance to compare self with others
chance to belong to a group
88
What is the preoperational stage?
none of the above
1st stage of language development
3rd stage of cognitive development
2nd stage of cognitive development, use symbols to represent
89
Ali is a mechanic at an auto dealership. She's in engine tune-ups. Allyson is defying
gender identity.
gender stereotypes.
gender schemas
gender roles
90
Piaget noted that ______ are a critical feature of the sensorimotor stage
habits
circular reactions
babblings
rootings
91
Stage 5 of Piaget's cognitive development
Tertiary circular reactions (6-9)
coordination of secondary schemes (8-12)
Secondary Circular reactions (4-8)
Tertiary circular reactions (12-18)
92
1. Which of the following is not a secondary sex characteristic for boys?
facial hair
higher metabolism
Maturation of the genitals
enlarged larynx development
93
The process of declaring one's homosexuality to others is called
coming out
individuation
identification
walkabout
94
Bowlby conducted an experiment separating children from family, what did he observe
despair, protest, detachment
Protest, despair, detachment
detachment, despair, protest
protest, detachment, despair
95
What is lateralization
brain linkage, left side left hand, right side right hand
brain linkage, left side right hand, right side left hand
neuron linkage, left side right hand, right side left hand
neuron linkage left side left hand, right side right hand
96
What is fast mapping?
childs use of surrounding context to understand word's mean.
adolenscene way of aquiring knowledge
fast pace learning technique for children
childs understanding of a faster way to accomplish a task
97
1. In the 1^st year approximately an infant’s
brain is fully developed (volume wise)
REM sleep becomes distrubed by growth pains
weight doubles and length triples
weight triples and length doubles
98
The famous experiment conducted by the Harlow's examined social deprivation in
kittens
rats
monkeys
infants
99
1. In adolescence what stage of Piaget’s development occurs?
None of the above
sensorimotor
Preoperational
Formal Operational
100
When infants demonstrate a decrease in attention, this is called
permanence
habituation
repression
egocentrism
101
What is Naïve psychology
children explore concrete objects in world
children have conversations whether people are ther or not
talk aloud to self
crying, cooing and babbling
102
Piaget’s term for repetition with variation which infants use to explore world’s possibilities
Primary circular reactions
Tertiary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary schemes
Secondary circular reactions
103
Example of representation in preoperational stage
walking like the lion at the zoo
when a child pretends to be a doctor
stick finger out saying, "put'em up"
a child thinking a rock has feelings
104
development is when children learn good responses and feelings through play w/o real life sit.
emotional
associative
cognitive
social
105
Chess and Thomas described a child with a low intensity of reactions and a negative attitude as
depressed
easy
slow to warm up
difficult
106
What are holophrases
all of the above
self-invented words having multiple meanings
nouns
adjectives
107
In Ainsworth study, what characteristics where shown in securely attached children?
may look at the mother and then look away, show little
none of the above
seek contact but simultaneously seem to resist it
distress, stop everything, seek contact with mother
108
define constructivism
children create organize knowledge, though envoirment
children construct knowledge through social interaction
none of the above
support to assist a child on a task
109
1. Boys are often given harsher punishments for violating gender roles and norms
False
True
110
Who created the visual cliff experiment
Piaget
Gibson and Walk
none of the above
Mary Ainsworth
111
Parallel Play:
children pay with others
children play by self
children plays with others, but only interested in social
play next to but not with group
112
When children show a preference for one hand or the other; this illustrates brain
initiative
lateralization
dendrites
synapses
113
In Ainsworth study, what characteristics were shown in ambivalently attached children?
may look at the mother and then away, show little emotion
distressed, seek contact with mother at reunion
none of the above
manifest anxiety before separation, seek contact, & resist
114
Using the large muscles is referred to as _______ motor skills
fine
gross
anatomical
peripheral
115
What is zone of proximal development in Vygotsky's theory?
child feels discomfort when trying to complete a task
range of ability child has on a task,
child needs assistance in finsishing a task
child can work independently
116
Stage 6 of Piaget's development
Internalization of schemes (18-24)
Tertiary circular reactions (12-18)
Secondary circular reactions (4-8)
Coordination of secondary schemes (8-12)
117
What is theory of mind?
child understands the thougths of others
none of the above
Child understands own thoughts and metal processes
child is non egocentric and feels as others do
118
Recognizing what is distinctive in others is an example of which of Gardner's intelligences
linguistic
logical-mathematical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
119
What is Organic FTT
baby doesn't recieve correct nourishment
baby has biological parents but has no connection to them
poverty, neglect, abuse and ignorance of good parenting
gastrointestinal disease and problem with nervous system
120
What is primary circular reactions
none of the above
when infants combine secondary schemes to get goal
actions are geared toward their surroundings
infants actions ar focused on own bodies and reflexes
121
What is an Electroencephalogram do/test
advanced version of x ray techniques present 3D brain pict.
electrodes are placed on scalp to measure neuron activity
magnetic quality of blood to measure internal structures
measure amount of blood flow associated with brain activity
122
assumptions of information processing theories
all thinking is information processing not on development
all of the above
we can only process so much information at 1 time
most child. devise a variety of thinking strategies,
123
To think of oneself in heroic or mythical terms is known as
inaginary audience
invincibility
th personal fable
egocentrism
124
The final area of the brain to develop is the
auditory area
sensory region
motor area
visual area
125
Associative play:
watches from side but may call out suggestions
children play but seem more interested in social part
plays by self
seen observing but not actually engaging
126
Gavin’s primary communication is in the form of gurgles and coos. How old is Gavin
from 2 to 5 months
no older than 2 months
around 8 months
5 to 7 months
127
When does sensorimotor period occur
middle childhood
first 2 years of life
after puberty
12 years old
128
Order of Vygotsky's Language developmental stages
none of the above
inner, naive, preintellectual
preintellectual speech, naive, egocentric, inner
preintellectual, egocentric, inner, naive
129
1. As an infant Cate shows a shy temperament however this will change as she gets older
False
True
130
boys parents are happy he is healthy and fits into weight and size of newborns. How long is he?
25 inches
20 inches
30 inches
35 inches
131
What reason is cited for why there may be a decline in early sexual activity
prevailing conservative attitudes
more people devoted time to make money
concern about AIDS and other std's
increasing influence of religion
132
Definition of Coordination of secondary schemes
infant coordinates previously learnd actions to achieve goal
all of the above
only focuses on others around them and their actions
repetition with variation exploring worlds possibilities
133
The author of the strange situation test is
Brazelton
Bowlby
Kagan
Ainsworth
134
What marks the onset of puberty
menarche for females; first ejaculation for males
the growth spurt for females and males
no single event marks the onset of puberty
breast development for females; enlargement of the genitals
135
1. What is the score on an IQ test suggests a child has a learning disability
None of these
80-89
90-109
70-79
136
Categories of play:
Social and Fantasy
exploration and mastery
music, art and movement
gross motor play
137
How much weight and height is gained between 2-6 years of age?
12 inches and 5 lbs a year
18 inches and 6 lbs a year
6 inches and 5lbs a year
none of the above
138
Which of the below is NOT one of Chess and Thomas classifications of temperament
slow to warm up
easy
difficult
Fast to warm up
139
One’s first world usually refers to people, animals, toys, or things that fascinate them
False
True
140
Example of deferred imitation in preoperational stage
believing a rock has feelings
walking like the lion they saw at the zoo
sticking finger up saying "put'em up"
pretending to be a doctor
141
An example of a ___________ would be “the jocks” at a high school
Crowd
Group
Clique
Social group
142
Educators in Reggio Emilia, Italy considered the ___ to be another teacher in the classroom
enviorment
parents
siblings
director
143
2 creative thinking skills programs are Odyssey of the Mind and _______
Project Zero
Piaget's Program
Triarchic Theory
Multiple Intelligence
144
the assumptions that we have characteristics and behaviors associated with gender are called
gender practices
gender stereotypes
accommodation
gender equality
145
Example of Symbolic play in preoperational stage
believing a rock has feelings
pretending to be a doctor
sticking your finger up saying," put'em up"
walking like the lion at the zoo
146
1. A group of close friends who share similar interests is called a…
Clique
Homies
Group
Crowd
147
1. Contrary to popular belief, sexual activity among teenagers is declining
False
True
148
4 stages of Kellogg drawing:
do, re, mi
placement(2-3 yrs),shape(3yrs),design(3-4yrs),pictorial(4-5)
shape(2-3) placement(3),design(3-4)pictorial(4-5)
shape, design, pictorial, placement
149
What is it called when you show infant a picture and is at first excited but then becomes bored
egocentrism
lack visual perception
habituation
tertiary circular reaction
150
argued that children are passive recipients of knowledge and as such have no “free will.”
Skinner
Piaget
Montessori
Erikson
151
A typical newborns height and weight
35 inches and 10lbs
25 inches and 7.5lbs
20 inches and 7.5lbs
30 inches and 8lbs
152
The educators of Reggio Emilio viewed children as
native thinkers who have a genetic potential to be fulfilled
vessels into which knowledge should be poured
blank slates waiting to be written upon
curious citizens with rights and valuable contributions

Human Development Exam 2 Flashcards | StudBud