stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Duplicate of Cognition ~ Part 1: Memory, Cognition & Language Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Duplicate of Cognition ~ Part 1: Memory, Cognition & Language
Duplicate of Cognition ~ Part 1: Memory, Cognition & Language
58 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
10 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
58 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
58
Answers
1
Tendency to repeat solutions that worked in the past, even if other (better) options exist.
Overconfidence
Perceptual set
Functional fixedness
Mental set
2
What is the primary type of encoding in our short-term memory?
Self-referent
Visual/Structural
Semantic
Phonemic/Acoustic
3
Which model of memory states the we remember best when info is deeply encoded?
Parallel Distributed Processing
Levels of Processing Model
Information Processing Model
Transfer-Appropriate Model
4
When new memories interfere with old ones, it is called
retrograde amnesia.
proactive interference.
retroactive interference.
anterograde amnesia.
5
Sudden realization of a problem's solution; the "aha" moment.
insight
deep processing
next-in-line effect
imagery
6
The process of memories becoming stable in LTM is called
deja vu.
confirmation bias.
consolidation.
misattribution.
7
When the way an issue is posed affects subjects' decisions: e.g., 80% lean v. 20% fat
Framing
Placebo effect
Belief bias
Chunking
8
What is the proper order of the three basic processes in memory?
Storage, Retrieval, Encoding
Retrieval, Storage, Encoding
Storage, Encoding, Retrieval
Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
9
What is an example of underextension?
A child failing to recognize their mother
A child failing to call dogs outside of their pet dog "dog"
A child calling a man who is not their father "dada"
A child calling a butterfly a pigeon
10
Elizabeth Loftus studied this problem, which can lead to construction of false memories.
misinformation effect
Hawthorne effect
primacy effects
Dunning-Kruger effect
11
_____________ moves information from short-term memory to long-term memory
Rehearsal
Encoding
Time
Attention
12
What is the primacy effect in memory?
The first things heard are more likely to be stored.
Meat is better for memory than vegetables.
The first information heard is more likely to be lost.
Seven pieces of information that can be stored in memory.
13
Remembering the last few points your classmate made during her speech is an example of
decay.
the primacy effect.
interference.
the recency effect.
14
Cheryl learns to knit one winter and the next winter she still remembers. This demonstrates
long term potentiation.
semantic memory.
procedural memory.
episodic memory.
15
Source amnesia is when you cannot remember:
explicit memories
implicit memories
where you heard something
who you're speaking to
16
The number of items we process in short-term memory
unknown
3-7
9-15
5-9
17
Because of the Serial Position Effect...
You will easily remember a list if put into a mnemonic.
It will be hard to recall items in the middle of a list.
You will not remember items at the beginning of the list.
You will recall information into 7 meaningful chunks.
18
Despite the falling stock prices, Ben still thinks the company is a good investment illustrates
a fixation
the gambler's fallacy
belief perseverance
confirmation bias
19
When you know you have a memory of something, but you can't think of it, it is called
tip of the tongue phenomenon.
retroactive interference.
transience.
memory misattribution.
20
Mrs. C. used ____ to correctly answer questions about world history while watching "Quiz Show."
semantic memory
episodic memory
priming
procedural memory
21
Memory that requires conscious recall is ____ & memory that does not is ____.
implicit; explicit
explicit; implicit
semantic; episodic
nondeclarative; declarative
22
A mental set is...
Tendency to let past (correct or not) decisions dictate your future actions
Automatic form of thought.
Tendency to attempt problems from a singular angle.
A math problem.
23
How long does short-term memory last without rehearsal?
30 Seconds
11 minutes
Forever
45 seconds
24
Distributed practice helps you
fight the forgetting curve
study quickly
study for hours at a time
practice with your friends
25
What are phonemes?
ending part of a word
sounds of our language
smallest units of speech
the way a word is divided
26
Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if:
imagery is used to create connections with items to be transferred into LTM
There is deep processing during acquisition of the new material
The type of encoding and type of retrieval match
The rememberer generates his own retrieval cues
27
"Unfriendly" has three ____________.
phonemes
syntactical errors
morphemes
deep structures
28
Bob hears a new teacher is strict, tall & played college soccer; he assumes the teacher is male
Hindsight Bias
Anchoring Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
29
Children in the two-word stage use __________ to be obvious in conveying their needs/wants.
babbling
syntactical speech
sarcasm
telegraphic speech
30
Vivid memories of an emotional event are called
flashbulb memories.
semantic memories.
declarative memories.
elaboratively encoded memories.
31
When searching for a house, Jordan refers to a house w/out a basement as a "deal breaker." "Deal breaker" is the
attribute
utility
32
what is the critical period?
retirement
the final stages of life
when someone becomes a parent
when a child is more sensitive to environmental influences
33
Semantic encoding is a type of
shallow processing
mneumonic
deep processing
eczema
34
Syntax
The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
A grammatical error
The study of language meaning
Minimal meaningful language unit
35
Chomsky is to _________ as Ebbinghaus is to __________.
misinformation effect; forgetting curve
LAD; forgetting curve
Nurture; Nature
LAD; serial position effect
36
Benjamin Whorf's Theory of Linguistic Relativity states
thinking shapes our language
language shapes our thinking
the number of phonemes is universal to every language
people of different cultures use similar words for similar objects
37
Which one of these is a mnemonic device?
categorization/sorting
acrostic
acronym
all of the above
38
According to Context Dependent Learning, which of the following is the best way to study for success in the classroom?
study in locations that are similar to the classroom
study in different locations
study while you are anxious
study while you're happy
39
Memories of facts is to __________ as processing info based on it's meaning is to __________
episodic memory; semantic encoding
semantic encoding; semantic memory
semantic memory; semantic encoding
phonemic encoding; semantic memory
40
What is a heuristic?
A memory store
Uncontrollable systematic error in thinking that affect our decision making
Something used to identify something based on association with a category
Mental shortcuts/rules that allow people to make judgements
41
_____________ moves information from sensory memory to short-term memory
encoding
processing
attention
rehearsal
42
What is encoding?
The process of putting information in your head
Holding information inside your head
The decay of memories
Getting the information from your storage to use
43
Shallow processing is _______, deep processing is _______.
Upper and lower case letters, meaning of words
meaning of words, rhyme
meaning of words, upper and lower case letters
rhyme judgment, meaning of words
44
Compare iconic memory to echoic memory.
Iconic: auditory memory; Echoic: visual memory.
Iconic: short-term memory; Echoic: long-term memory.
Iconic: visual memory; Echoic: auditory memory.
Iconic: long-term memory; Echoic: short-term memory.
45
Incorrectly remembering books in a professors office that had no books in it illustrates
reality monitoring
the recency effect
interference
constructive memory
46
Which is the only model of memory that differentiates memory into short-term and long-term?
Transfer-Appropriate Model
Parallel Distributed Processing Model
Levels of Processing Model
Information-Processing Model
47
The reason people often guess that Chicago, IL has a higher crime rate than Gary, IN.
Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Anchoring Heuristic
Misinformation effect
48
Ted believes in gun control & seeks out news that reaffirm a need for limits on gun ownership.
Confirmation bias
Belief bias
Belief perseverance
Mental set
49
The Gamblers Fallacy concept claims...
if something doesn't happen, it won't happen in the future
None of these are correct
if something happens more, it will happen less in the future
if something happens, it will happen again in the future
50
Confusing a real memory with a dream illustrates the concept of
reality monitoring
schema theory
source amnesia
destination memory
51
When Joe studies for a psych test, he tries to relate new terms to what he already knows.
Joe is using a mnemonic device.
Joe is using elaborative encoding.
Joe is using chunking.
Joe is using maintenance rehearsal.
52
Failing to realize that your backpack could also be used as a pillow when camping is an ex of..
Anchoring heuristic
Availability heuristic
Shallow processing
Functional fixedness
53
The image below demonstrates the effectiveness of ______________.
the link method
the method of Loci
chunking
acrostics
54
Boo calls Sully "kitty" is example of applying a(n) ________ .
algorithm
primacy effect
recognition heuristic
schema
55
What is retrograde amnesia?
memories are only half way reasonable
Remembering every memory ever
Inability to form new memories
unable to remember some or all past memories
56
Understanding our memory based on a network of interconnected information & associations is known as the __________
transfer appropriate model of memory
levels of processing model of memory
parallel distributed processing model of memory
information processing model of memory
57
John wants to learn his lines for a play. He could use state dependent cues by...
rehearsing with the same cast members each time
rehearsing on the same stage that he will be performing on
rehearsing in front of others to simulate feeling nervous
rehearsing on his own so that he remains calm
58
Prospective memories are the memory function which is:
Retention and retrieval of previously presented information
Responsible for recall of events in which there was prosperity
Day to day (pick up prescriptions) and in the near future
Recall ability of prospects such as long term investments and venture gains
