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Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep Flashcards | StudBud
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Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep
Life in the Universe: Test 1 Prep
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1
Which law states that the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis?
Law of Equal Areas
Law of Harmonies
Law of Gravitation
Law of Ellipses
2
Carbon-based life is the only known form of life on Earth.
True
False
3
Which molecule is used by living organisms to store and release energy?
Glucose
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
4
What process is primarily responsible for the formation of stars and planets?
Expansion of dark matter
Supernova explosions
Nuclear fission
Gravitational collapse of a nebula
5
What type of radioactive decay results in a helium nucleus being emitted?
Alpha decay
Positron decay
Beta decay
Gamma decay
6
What element is central to the chemistry of life due to its ability to form complex molecules?
Silicon
Carbon
Iron
Nitrogen
7
What happens to a planet’s orbital speed as it moves closer to the Sun, according to Kepler’s Second Law?
It speeds up.
It stops orbiting.
It slows down.
It remains constant.
8
Where are carbon and oxygen formed?
During supernova explosions
During nuclear fusion in stars
During black hole formation
During the Big Bang
9
The Sun is primarily composed of which two elements?
Hydrogen and carbon
Oxygen and helium
Hydrogen and helium
Carbon and nitrogen
10
Which type of celestial body is most likely to be found beyond Neptune in the Kuiper Belt?
Rocky asteroids
Gas giants
Terrestrial planets
Comets and dwarf planets
11
Stars generate energy through nuclear fission reactions.
True
False
12
There are ~2 billion stars in the average galaxy?
True
False
13
Which type of radioactive decay does NOT change the atomic number of an element?
Gamma decay
Beta decay
Alpha decay
Positron decay
14
The Earth’s magnetosphere protects life by blocking most of:
Infrared radiation
Sound waves
High-energy solar particles
Visible light
15
Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?
X-rays
Radio waves
Ultraviolet rays
Gamma rays
16
The Big Bang primarily produced elements heavier than iron.
False
True
17
. Which of the following is NOT one of the six properties shared by most living organisms on Earth?
Order
Inorganic composition
Evolutionary adaptation
Energy utilization
18
What is the primary difference between nuclear fission and fusion?
Fission occurs in stars, while fusion happens on Earth.
Fusion produces unstable isotopes, while fission does not.
Fusion relies on gamma radiation while fission does not.
Fission splits unstable isotopes, while fusion combines smaller nuclei.
19
What happens to the atomic number in beta decay where an electron is produced?
It stays the same.
It decreases by 1.
It doubles.
It increases by 1.
20
Darwin’s theory of natural selection explains how species evolve over time through advantageous traits.
False
True
21
In the context of DNA, what is a "gene"?
A random sequence of nucleotides
The outer structure of the chromosome
The entire sequence of DNA in an organism
A sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein or function
22
Which of the following is the correct definition of radioactive decay?
The process of atoms splitting into smaller atoms.
The transformation of a gas into a solid at high pressure.
The process of unstable isotopes emitting particles or radiation.
The fusing of hydrogen into helium in stars.
23
The main characteristic of extremophiles is their ability to:
Adapt quickly to space environments.
Photosynthesize under extreme conditions.
Thrive in environments that would be lethal to most life forms on Earth.
Survive in extremely cold environments only.
24
Which of these planets is located in the habitable zone of our solar system?
Mars
Jupiter
Venus
Earth
25
All known life on Earth uses right-handed amino acids to build proteins.
False
True
26
Gravity is stronger between two objects when they are farther apart.
True
False
27
Which of the following is true regarding Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion?
The speed of planets remains constant throughout their orbit.
Planets orbit the Sun in ellipses, with the Sun at one focus.
Planets orbit the Sun in perfect circles.
The distance between the Sun and planets is always the same.
28
Galileo confirmed Kepler's Laws of through observations of Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus.
False
True
29
What key factor allows stars to shine?
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fission
Gravitational collapse
Chemical reactions
30
Which scientist is known for developing the heliocentric model of the solar system?
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo
Ptolemy
31
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
True
False
