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Transformations in Europe
Transformations in Europe
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Transformations in Europe. Chapter 12
Flashcards
12 cards
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Questions
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1
Which reformer said that any Christian could read the Bible and understand God’s message?
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus
King Henry VIII
2
Indulgences were considered a sign of church corruption because they were
violations of the vow of poverty
privileges given to priests
pardons that people could buy
arguments against church teachings
3
When sea voyages began to require sailing out of sight of land, this encouraged
biology for deep-sea fishing
chemistry of salt water
physics of ocean currents.
astronomy for navigation
4
Money to support the arts in Renaissance Italy came primarily from
construction
industry
commerce
agriculture
5
Galileo Galilei added support for the heliocentric theory by
making mathematical calculations
retracting his views under pressure
observing the sky through a telescope
formulating laws of gravity and motion
6
Inspired by the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment thinkers believed that
society matters more than individuals
dictators learn from their experience
nature is beyond human understanding
natural laws influence human society
7
What change happened in Europe as a result of Gutenberg’s innovation?
Latin became the common language of the people
Processing metal became far more efficient
Far more books became readily available
Scholarship became concentrated in monasteries
8
Humanist writers such as Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio emphasized
disbelief in a deity
scientific understanding
the beauty of nature
the worth of the individual
9
The destruction of feudalism and the growth of urban workshops resulted in part because of
new church policies
the decline of universities
the bubonic plague
new foods from America
10
The Enlightenment overall promoted an attitude of
anger
cynicism
optimism
piety
11
The Renaissance artist most famous for his painting the “Mona Lisa” was
Raphael
Michelangelo
Bruegel
Leonardo da Vinci
12
In “The Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith argued for
a free market based on competition
a national policy to accumulate gold
building a global industrial empire
allowing colonies to be independent