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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
118 terms
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
2
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
classic Greek and Roman subjects
religious themes
human scientific achievements
3
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
4
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
mercantalism
socialism
laissez-faire capitalism
5
One major result of the Crusades was the
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
long-term decrease in European trade
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
6
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
military conquest of China
formation of cultural links with Europe
development of extensive trade
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
7
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
8
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Religious reform was a major concern
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
9
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
development of feudalism in Europe
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
10
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
collapse of international trade
rise of nation-states
increase in influence of serfs
decreasing importance of towns and cities
11
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
employing superior military skills
12
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
used a senate as the chief governing body
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
13
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a means for the empire to expand its borders
a means of administering the civil service exams
a military route for the defense of the norther border
contact with other cultures through trade
14
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
it was a religious center for Muslims
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
15
The European feudal system represents a society based on
social class
accumulated wealth
political ability
educational achievement
16
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the end of foreign domination
the furthest expansion of their borders
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
17
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
military power led to industrialization
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
locations were favorable for trade
18
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
an absence of rain forests
a diverse topography
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
19
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
North America and Europe
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
20
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
21
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
sites of early civilization
22
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
23
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
24
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
decline of Greek city-states
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy
25
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
a culture that accepted militarism
peaceful relations with other nations
an increased interest in science and technology
equality among Japanese citizens
26
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
27
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
encouraging formal education
eliminating warfare
fostering the growth of religion
providing social stability
28
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
29
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
30
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
31
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the creation of democratic governments
a decrease in trade and commerce
the toleration of members of other cultures
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
32
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
33
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
mercantilism
feudalism
entrepreneurship
manorialism
34
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Machiavelli
Voltaire
Montesquei
Locke
35
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
accept medieval W European religious ideas
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
36
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
provide order during a period of weak central governments
increase trade and manufacturing
eliminate the need for a legal system
consolidate the political power of the region
37
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
persecution of Jews and Christains
adoption of democratic government
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
38
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
warrior aristocrats
peasant farmers
radical revolutionaries
middle class merchants
39
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
increased European isolation
an adoption of Islam
an increased demand of goods from the East
the strengthening of the feudal system
40
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
iron ore and coal
spices and silk
rifles and diamonds
gold and salt
41
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
elected parliaments
national monarchies
the Roman Catholic Church
the Byzantine emperors
42
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
feudalism
manorialism
socialism
free market
43
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
protected by mountains
accessible by water
isolated from the rest of Europe
44
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
45
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Aztec Empire
Gupta Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
46
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
The Feudal system strengthened
47
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
rigid social structure
cultural values
belief in democracy
48
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
49
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
cultural diffusion
self-determination
ethnocentrism
50
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
growth of feudalism in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
51
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
socialism
manorialism
communism
feudalism
52
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
followed a democratic system
53
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
unite warring Arab peoples
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
establish Christianity in W Europe
54
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
a questioning spirit
universal suffrage/democracy
racial diversity
social mobility
55
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
granted independence as soon as possible
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
56
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
57
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
58
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The African societies flourished at the same time
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
59
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
It is better to be loved, than feared
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
60
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
61
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
individualism
secularism
humanism
mysticism
62
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
in coastal areas
on major trading routes
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
63
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
Orthodox Christianity
Latin language
democratic ideas
silk cloth
64
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
the manor system and land ownership
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
65
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent trade partners
possessions to be exploited
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
66
Humanism was
embracing the separation of church and state
appreciation for the worth of the individual
a rejection of ancient civilizations
belief in the supremacy of the collective
67
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
promoted equality for women
gained overseas colonies
developed a representative government
68
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Feudalism strengthened
The Catholic Church was weakened
69
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
fall of Rome
breakdown of central government
decline of trade
70
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
economic policies of the Roman Empire
71
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
industrialism
manorialism
capitalism
mercantilism
72
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
equality among the social classes
direct democracy
mercantilism
practicing rituals to please the gods
73
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
74
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
war and constant invasion
mercantilism and industrial expansion
75
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
76
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
established monotheistic religions
developed writing systems
had decentralized political structures
emphasized social equality
77
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
outbreak of deadly diseases
78
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Court systems were developed
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
79
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
codified laws
agricultural communes
Islam
80
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
81
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
crop failures brought on by poor weather
wars btwn various native groups
diseases introduced by the Spanish
82
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
European renewal in learning
development of a European middle class
European involvement in the Crusades
83
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
exploitation of people and resources
growth of democratic forms of gov't
rejection of Spanish culture
opposition to the Catholic Church
84
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Holy Roman
Byzantine
Ottoman
85
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a strong central government
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
86
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italy was politically unified
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
87
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Russia and Iraq
Japan and Tibet
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Iran and Thailand
88
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the port city of Guangzhou
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
89
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
90
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
bankers and explorers
missionaries and slave traders
91
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
centralized powers
Communist regimes
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
92
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
led to a decline int he importance of the church
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
93
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
received support from European colonial governments
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
94
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
manorilaism
mercantalism
market economy
95
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
value of the individual
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
96
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
favored separation from secular government
was a strong force that divided many people
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
97
The European feudal system was
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
supported by the labor of peasants
controlled by a powerful middle class
designed to promote political and economic equality
98
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
99
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a golden age
a time of colonial unrest
a poverty-stricken era
a period of political chaos
100
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Commercial Revolution
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
101
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
failure of other nations to become interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
cultural isolation of China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
102
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
isolationism
respect for the rights of the indigenous
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
the production of raw materials and cash crops
103
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
the practices of the church led to classless society
104
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
belief in one God
deep reverence and respect for nature
belief in the reincarnation of souls
ban on the consumption of pork
105
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
106
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
men and women had equal employment opportunities
religion had little developmental influence
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
107
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a wealthy class invested in the arts
an absolutist gov't
a shrinking aristocracy
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
108
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Age of Exploration
Middle Ages
109
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
110
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
promoted peace and prosperity
developed concepts for natural rights
established absolutist governments
111
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
112
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an adoption of Christianity
the many opportunities for social mobility
a decentralized government
an open democratic society
113
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
produced few cultural achievements
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
lived at peace with their neighbors
114
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
social kinship of the Ashanti people
military strategies of the Mali
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
115
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Byzantine
Ottoman
Mongol
Hellenistic
116
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Corinthian
neoclassical
Ionic
Gothic
117
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
divide power evenly
obtain consent of the governed
118
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
peaceful territorial expansion
dedication to advancement of science
social equality