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Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards | StudBud
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology
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A variety of questions regarding the human body and it's systems
Flashcards
99 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What does the large intestine absorb?
Water, electrolytes from chyme and feces
Just water
Just electrolytes from chyme
Water and electrolytes from chyme
2
The philtrum is a fold of mucous membrane that helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
False
True
3
The mucous membrane is what type of tissue?
Epithelial
Muscular
Nervous
Connective
4
A nurse is caring for a client w/autonomic dysreflexia. What requires intervention by the RN?
Temp 100.8, HR 105
HR 50, BP 200/100
HR 105, BP 95/50
HR 55, BP 95/50
5
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
leum, caecum, jejunum
Jejunum, duodenum, ileum
Duodenum, abomasum, caecum
Ileocecal, duodenum, jejunum
6
What is the Pons?
Muscle control and perception
Regulates breathing
Controls growth and development
7
The largest gland in the body
pancreas
liver
8
What does the cerebellum do?
coordinates body movement and balance
vision and speech
hearing, smell, memory, speech
regulates waking from slumber and heightened states of awareness
9
Select all age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system. Part 1.
Process of repair slows
Ligaments become calcified and lose elasticity
Decreased bone density
Loss of bone mass
10
What is Kyphosis
forward rounding of the spine, hunch back
sway back, hyperextension
s shape of the spine
extension of the neck forwards from the spine
11
The adrenal glands secretes mineralcorticoids "aldosterone" which
Increase potassium absorption
Decrease sodium absorption
Increase sodium absorption
Decrease potassium absorption
12
Which cells are the first to get to the site of an infection?
Neutrophils
RBCs
Monocytes
Eosinophils
13
Which hemisphere is the broca area located?
Left
Right
14
What is the role of the large intestine
Soaks up water and minerals and leaves only waste
Makes acid
digest food and obsorbs nuterits
To pump blood
15
Type AB blood can receive from :
A, B
A, B,O
O
B, O
16
What's the order of the meninges from superficial to deep?
Epi, peri, endo
peri, epi, endo
dura, arachnoid, pia
dura, denticulate, pia
17
What is the function of the prolactin?
decrease milk production
maintain milk production
stimulate and maintain milk production
stimulate milk production
18
What are factors that prevent/treat constipation?
Opioid analgesics, anticholinergics
High fiber diet, increased fluid intake
Bed rest, frequent turns
Increased dairy, decreased water intake
19
The liver is responsible for all except
produces bile
absorbs water
stores vitamins and iron
contains enzymes that breakdown toxins and drugs
20
The function of water in the body is:
Heart health
Moistens food so that it’s not dry
Control body temperature and help in digestion
No nutrition function
21
What does the cerebrum control?
Intelligence and Thoughts
Nothing
Muscle Memory
intelligence, memory, language, muscles
22
What is the major intracellular cation in the body?
K
Zn
Na
Mg
23
What is the purpose of mastication?
Propel food from one digestive organ to the next
Eliminate undigested food wastes from body
To transport nutrients into the blood and lymph
To chew, grind, and tear food into smaller pieces
24
Where is the pineal gland located?
The brain
The bloodstream
The heart
The lungs
25
What is Skin Tenting (Dehydration)
When you skin scrape to find any fungal infections
Make a tent on the skin and go camping
To check if the skin is moist
Check for elasticity in the skin
26
With what is covered the tongue
With meat
With small balls
With skin
With taste buds
27
What is the role of erythropoeitin?
stimulates platelet production
stimulates intellectual conversations
stimulate red blood cell production
stimulate white blood cell production
28
The major extracellular cation is
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
29
The pupils dilate in which system?
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Autonomic
30
What is an embryo?
an early stage of development of diploid eukaryotic organism
non-fertilized egg
the crux or central point of a matter.
A fertilized ovum.
31
where are the Adrenal Glands located?
in the stomach
beneath each kidney
top of each kidney
inside each kidney
32
Type AB blood is called the universal
Recipient
Donor
Life Saver
Blood Type
33
What are the effects of age related changes to the musculoskeletal system?
Increased risk for falls
Impaired mobility
Pain
Gray hair
34
what is the function of pyloric sphincter?
prevents stomach contents from reentering the esophagus
allows small amount of chyme to enter small intestines
control flow of food into stomach
prevent reflux
35
What causes constipation?
Increase fluid/fiber, increase exercise, enema/suppository
Low fiber, stress, Lower water intake, holding it in
⬆️fluids for elect. imbalance, bedside toilet, BRAT, perineal
Too much fiber, virus, infection, laxatives/antibiotics
36
What 3 membranes are collectively called the meninges?
Dura mater, Subdural Mater, & Subarachnoid mater
Arachnoid mater, dural sinuses, & falx cerebri
Arachnoid mater, tentorium cerebelli, & subdural space
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, & Pia mater
37
how long do monocytes last in blood?
1-2 days
1 month
5 days
1 week
38
In the absence of insulin fat is used for energy
Produces ketones in the blood risk of ketoacidosis
Excess storage of glucose
39
What are neurotransmitters?
the body's chemical messengers.
the body's chemical reaction
a type of neuron
a tissue
40
Where are large clusters of lymph nodes found?
Neck
Groin
Tounge
Thighs
41
What is responsible for our reflexes?
the motor nervous system
the efferent nervous system
the peripheral nervous system
the spinal cord
42
Passive natural immunity is?
Passed from mother to baby
person who contacts a disease cannot get disease again
innate
injection of immune globin to provide short term immunity
43
persons with blood type __ are known as universal donors
A
O
B
AB
44
What is the function of the large bowel/colon?
To remove nutrients from food
To add chemicals to turn faeces brown
To remove water from waste products
Fibre in the large bowel assists with fat absorption
45
What is the main function of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?
Protect the brain
Feed the brain
Mark the brain
Eat the brain
46
What causes Aspiration Pneumonia
A bacteria
Foreign particles in the lungs
A Virus
A cold
47
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal esophagus reflux disease
Gastroesophageally refluxes dietases
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
48
What is Erythropoeitin?
red blood cell mass
abnormal form of hemoglobin
a hormone produced mainly by the kidneys
49
What are autonomic reflexes?
involuntary stimuli transmitted to skeletal muscles
involuntary stimuli transmitted to cardiac and smooth muscle
simple, rapid, involuntary, programmed responses to stimuli
electrical charge that travels along a nerve fiber when stimulated
50
(leah) What is Oxytocin?
Provides a pathway to milk from lumen to gland
Hormone
a Naturally produced hormone that is released to start the milk
milk
51
groups of lymph nodes are found..?
in your thighs
behind your knee
in your neck
above your foot
52
what is a nerves?
it doesn't has a axon
impulses of sensation to the brain
53
Normal age-related changes for the musculoskeletal system
bones gain calcium
all of the above
joints become more flexible
muscles weaken and lose tone
54
What is the pathway food goes through your digestive system?
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, mouth, esophagus
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine
55
The adrenal glands have a role in...
Sexual stimulation
Fight or flight response
The rest and digest response
Promoting feelings of hunger
56
What is the most common symptom of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Diarrhea
constipation
heartburn
Lactose intolerance
57
A patient is choking. The person is conscious and can cough. Which action is needed?
Performing abdominal thrusts
CPR
Encouraging the person to cough forcefully
The recovery position
58
AB blood is considered to be a universal recipient because
plasma does not contain either anti-A or anti-B antibodies
both A and B antigens are absent from RBC
both anti-A and anti-B are present in the plasma
RBC do not contain Rh antigen
59
Emotions are not simple reflexes they are...?
Shaped by our language
Shaped by our thoughts
All the above
Shaped by our concepts
60
When the tongue pushes the food to the oropharynx area, that is known as the...
buccal phase
esophagael phase
pharyngeal phase
61
The meninges includes...
All of the above
Arachnoid matter
Dura matter
Pia matter
62
Male Urethra function
passage way for acidic sperm and alkaline urine
passage way for acidic sperm and acidic urine
passage way for alkaline sperm and acidic urine
passage way for alkaline sperm and alkaline urine
63
What are age-related changes that affect mobility and safety?
Inactivity
Obesity
Changes in bones, muscles, joints and connective tissue
Falls
64
What is a surfactant?
A substance added to reduce surface tension
the formula of water
A physical property in which a solid dissolves into a liquid
A molecule that has a positive side and a negative side
65
How long do neutrophils stay in peripheral blood?
~2 days
~7 hours
~7 days
~2 hours
66
The pyloric sphincter is located between what?
large intestine and the outside body
stomach and small intestine
small intestine and large intestine
esophagus and stomach
67
Tenting of the skin is a sign of dehydration.
True
False
68
Lymph nodes are found in the
Neck
All of the above
Armpits
Groin
69
Do you know what the hymen is?
Females have a hymen?
Yes, it's tissue that partially covers the vaginal opening
It's the covering of skin over the penile glans
No, what's that?
70
Early manifestation of laryngeal cancer:
tinnitus
epistaxis
aphagia
hoarseness
71
The pupils dilate when the parasympathetic nervous system is active?
False
True
72
What is swallowing?
mastication
peristalsis
deglutition
defecation
73
What gland is also called the "master gland"?
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thymus gland
74
Cerebral spinal fluid is formed by the...
Neurons
Brain
Choroid plexuses
Spinal cord
75
What is an Embolus?
A dangerous medical procedure given by a doctor for botox
A clot traveling through the cardiovascular system
When fat is injected into the body
Occurs when blood vessels burst
76
A pustule forms a papule when dead white blood cells accumulate in it.
True
False
77
What is Constipation?
excessive bowel movements
difficulty passing a bowel movement
78
What is the function of the spleen?
clears bad red blood cells and foreign bodies from bloodstream
transports lymph back to the circulatory system
prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria
carries white blood cells to fight infection
79
What is the cerebellum?
each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead
the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates.
80
What is passive immunity?
short term immunity that is transferred through DNA
a superpower
prevents you from getting the same sickness continuously
reaction to a pathogen invasion in the immune system
81
What are the causes of constipation?
diet low in fiber
all of the above
poor bowel habits
chronic use of laxatives; lazy bowel
82
To insert an indwelling catheter, what must be exposed
meatus
frenulum
penile shaft
rugae
83
Age-related musculoskeletal changes include
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Bone brittle
Muscle atrophy
84
The primary function of Bulbourethral Glands?
Produces a mucus-fluid for lubrication
Makes fluid to aid with sperm survival
Produces the sperm cells
85
What is the primary role of Prolactin?
regulate salt homeostasis
promote growth in bone
to stimulate & sustain lactation postpartum
exerts contractions of uterus
86
What functions is the cerebrum responsible for?
How you react to things
Touch, smell, taste, see, and hear
fine control of movement
Senses, emotions, reasoning, and movement
87
What is the function of the pons?
Facial Expressions
Logic and Reasoning
Mood Control
Life Support
88
What is the defintion of Kyphosis.
a really bad cough
back pain
curving in the spine
curvature of spine causing you to hunch
89
what does water do to your body?
Gives you energy.
Provides your body with vitamins.
Repairs your bones.
Helps your body regulate it's temperature.
90
White blood cells
detect foreign cells
capture foreign cells
destroy foreign cells
all of the above
91
What is the difference between a thrombus and embolus?
Embolus is harder to treat
A thrombus is more life threatening
The size variation
92
in Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
bile flows back into the gall ducts
foecal fluid comes up into the stomach
stomach acid flows back up into the gullet
stomach acid disappears into the small intestine
93
What is Broca''s area
Speech
Logic
Decision making
Emotion
94
What is a Thrombus?
A stationary clot
circulating plaque in the blood
Oxygen bubble in the blood
a mobile clot
95
What is the function of mucus in the large intestine?
mucus has no purpose
protection and regulation of ph
absorbs fecal matter
lubricates the large intestine
96
Lymph-like fluid composed of water, traces of protein, glucose, and electrolytes
CNS
Astrocyte
PNS
CSF
97
What's cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) job/function in the CNS, what does it do?
absorbs nutreints
destroys nutrients
none
supports and transports nutrients
98
Adrenal glands are
control the REST and DIGEST response
produce adrenaline/epinephrine and cortisol
cause no effect when in a hypo or hyper state.
located on top of the liver
99
What is the role of the Pineal Gland?
To tell the eye whether to open or close
To release Melatonin
To send a message to the SCN
To remove Melatonin
