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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
2
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
3
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
mean
standard deviation
4
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
5
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
6
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
7
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
8
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
9
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
10
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
11
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
12
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
13
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
14
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
15
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
16
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
17
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
18
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
19
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
20
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
21
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
22
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
iris
blind spot
23
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
24
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
25
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
26
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
family
temperament
27
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
28
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
hypothalamus
29
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
health psychology
30
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
displacement
projection
31
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
extraversion
conscientiousness
neuroticism
32
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
33
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
34
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
35
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
36
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
37
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
38
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
39
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
40
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
41
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
beta waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
42
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
43
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
terminal button
myelin
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
44
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
group polarization
deindividuation
45
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
46
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
counterbalancing
47
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
48
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
49
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
50
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
touch
sight
51
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
52
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
53
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
54
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
55
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
56
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
modes
outliers
normally distributed
57
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
58
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
59
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
recall
60
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
61
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
62
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
63
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
64
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
65
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
66
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
67
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
68
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
69
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
70
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
cerebellum
hypothalamus
amygdala
71
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
72
Which of the therapies below is not common today?
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
73
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
74
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
75
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
76
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
77
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
78
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
79
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
80
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
client-centered therapy
81
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
82
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
83
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
content validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
84
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
rods
cones
85
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
86
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
biological
87
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
88
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
89
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
90
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
91
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
92
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
93
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
94
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
95
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
96
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
97
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
98
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
99
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
100
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
101
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
102
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
103
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
104
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
social
situational
105
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
rooting
Moro
106
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
107
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
108
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
109
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
110
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
111
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
112
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
113
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
114
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
115
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
primary
partial
secondary
116
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
117
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
rTMS
EEG
118
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
119
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
120
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : increase
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : decrease
121
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
projective
triarchic
achievement
122
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
123
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
124
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
125
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
126
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
127
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
128
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
129
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
130
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
131
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
132
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
133
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
134
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic (somatoform) symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
135
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
136
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
137
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
138
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
139
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
140
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata