Honors Chemistry Exam #2 vocab

a positively charged particle in an atomic nucelus

a molecule composed of two atoms

a positive ion

how many elements are known (naturally)?

atoms of the same element that have different #s of neutrons. They have identical atomic numbers but different mass #s

what two determine the atomic mass?

an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge

a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions

a process where one or more substances change into one or more new substances by the reorganization of component atoms

a polyatomic ion containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more atoms of at least one other element

a two-element compound consisting of a cation and an anion

a theory established by John Dalton in the early 1800s used to explain the nature of materials

if groups on the periodic table are vertical, what are horizontal rows called?

elements that do not exhibit metallic characteristics

making sure that all atoms present in the reactants are accounted for among the products

a negative ion

a vertical column of elements having the same valence-electron configuration and similar chemical properties

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution; proton donor

several series of elements in which inner orbitals are being filled

smallest integers (whole number)

an ion containing a number of atoms

what determines the atomic number?

compounds that contain only nonmetals

ionic compounds with metal that always form a cation with the same charge

a chart showing all elements arranged in columns, all the elements in a given column exhibit similar chemical properties

representation of a molecule where the element symbols indicate the atoms present and subscripts show number of atoms

how many are the most abundent elements?

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

For Type III binary compounds, the letters A and O can't go together.

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom

the small dense center of positive charge in an ion

ionic compounds with metals (usually transition metals) that form cations with various charges

abbreviations for the chemical elements

an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties

a negatively charged particle that occupies the space around the nucleus of an atom

a given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportions by mass

name of Group 1 metals

substances that result from chemical reactions. they are shown to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation

modern concept of the atom as having a dense center of positive charge and electrons moving around the outside

a particle in the atomic nucelus with a mass approximately equal to that of the proton but with no charge

For Type III binary compounds, the prefix "mono" can go on the cation.

name of Group 2 metals

a representation of a chemical reaction showing the relative numbers of reactant and product molecules balancing

a substance that produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution; proton acceptor

a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes

elements that give up electrons easily and are typically lustrous, malleable, and good conductors of heat & electricity

starting substances in chemical reactions. they appear to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation

name of Group 8 elements

the fundamental unit of which elements are composed atomic mass

name of Group 7 elements