How are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike

They both produce carbohydrates and oxygen.

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how

inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.

Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that

their gametes dont require water for fertilization to occur

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

surviving in the environments in which they lived.

What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?

Gradualchangeoperatinoverlongperiodoftimeresultdramatichange

How is parasitism different from commensalism?

One harmed in parasitism and none harmed in commensalism.

bryophytes live in moist areas bc no vas tissue, what other reason

The sperm of bryophytes need water to swim to an egg.

Darwin’s concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by

knowledge about the structure of DNA.

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

Species make up populations, which make up communities.

Biogeochemical cycling ensures that

nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere.

Based on the adaptations Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered

if species on different islands had once been same species

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

because of the competitive exclusion principle.

When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

natural variations that are present in a species.

During pollination in seed plants, pollen grains

r carried 2 female reproductive structures by wind/ animals

Why can’t the producers in some ecosystems make an unlimited supply of organic material?

One or more nutrients are in short supply.

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.

Matter can recycle through the biosphere because

biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.

Organisms need nutrients in order to

carry out essentiallife functions.

Corn planted in a field previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be

more productiv bc bacteria on roots of legumes fix N in soil

studbud

Biology Final

142 termsStudBud Administration72 plays

some questions look weird bc i had to shorten them lmao

Flashcards142 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 142

Answers

1
A math formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called a(n)
biological system.
ecological model.
biological experiment.
ecological observation.
2
How are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike
They both produce carbon and hydrogen.
They both use photosynthesis to make their own food.
They both produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
They both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food.
3
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how
species descend from common ancestors.
inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.
evolution takes place in the natural world.
species can become extinct.
4
What type of vas tissue carries solutions of nutrients + carbohydrates made by photosynthesis?
phloem
lignin
tracheids
xylem
5
Which two biomes have the least precipitation?
tundra and desert
boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
tropical rainforest and temperate grassland
6
Seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
they have a gametophyte generation.
they have true roots, stems, and leaves.
their gametes dont require water for fertilization to occur
they have only xylem and no phloem.
7
branch of biology dealing w interactions among organisms +betweenorganisms+environment iscalled
ecology
modeling
economy
recycling
8
10% of energy passed to next trophic level some energy used for organisms life process + rest
stored as body tissue.
used in reproduction.
eliminated as heat.
stored as fat.
9
Based on Figure 22–1, which of the following features evolved first in land plants?
water-conducting tissue
flowers
seeds
seeds enclosed in fruit
10
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
surviving in the environments in which they lived.
being preserved as fossils.
swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.
providing humans with food.
11
Unlike a dicot, a monocot has
four or five petals per flower.
taproots
parallel leaf veins.
two cotyledons.
12
What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?
processes that formed old rocks on Earth don't operate today
All geological change is caused by living organisms.
Gradualchangeoperatinoverlongperiodoftimeresultdramatichange
Earth is relatively young.
13
Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains or hills are
wetlands
estuaries
rivers and streams.
lakes and ponds.
14
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
transpiration
burning of fossil fuels.
photosynthesis
decomposition of plants and animals.
15
How is parasitism different from commensalism?
One is harmed in parasitism and both harmed in commensalism.
Both benefit in parasitism only one benefits in commensalism
One benefits in parasitism and none benefit in commensalism.
One harmed in parasitism and none harmed in commensalism.
16
In seed plants, the entire male gametophyte is contained in a
pollen grain
seed
flower
cone
17
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
rainfall
plant life.
soil type.
temperature
18
bryophytes live in moist areas bc no vas tissue, what other reason
Without moisture, rhizoids cannot anchor the plants.
Bryophytes need the extra water for photosynthesis.
The sperm of bryophytes need water to swim to an egg.
Gas exchange is more efficient in wet areas.
19
In humans pelvis + femur r used in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure are
examples of natural variation.
vestigial structures.
acquired traits.
examples of fossils.
20
Darwin’s concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by
knowledge about the structure of DNA.
his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle.
his collection of specimens.
the work of Charles Lyell.
21
Plants are
omnivores
herbivores.
primary consumers.
primary producers.
22
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
Populations makeup species, which make up communities.
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
Communities make up species, which make up populations.
23
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that
living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient
nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere.
many nutrients won't reach toxic concentrations in biosphere
human 0 effect on elements chemical compounds + other matter
24
Based on the adaptations Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered
if all birds on the different islands were finches.
finches + tortoise originated from same ancestral species
why all tortoises on the different islands were identical.
if species on different islands had once been same species
25
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
unless the species require different abiotic factors.
because of the competitive exclusion principle.
unless the species require different biotic factors.
because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem.
26
Which part of the water cycle is a biological process?
precipitation
runoff
condensation
transpiration
27
The specialized reproductive structure that evolved most recently is the
gametophyte
cone
seed
ovary
28
Living on land required that plants
conserve water.
exchange gases.
have cell walls.
evolve photosynthetic pigments.
29
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism
natural variations that are present in a species.
species that are perfect and unchanging.
homologous structures.
30
bird stalks kills and eats insect. Based on behavior which ecological terms describes the bird
carnivore, consumer
autotroph, herbivore
herbivore, decomposer
producer, heterotroph
31
During pollination in seed plants, pollen grains
carry zygotes to the female structures, which form the seeds
must be carried from male cone /flower to female cone/flower
r carried 2 female reproductive structures by wind/ animals
swim to female reproductive structures through water.
32
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse.
interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species
evidence that Earth was thousands of years old.
useful support for his theory.
33
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
herbivores
autotrophs
chemotrophs
omnivores
34
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
eat less.
increase their populations.
occupy different niches.
reproduce at different times.
35
A predator is an animal that
lives inside another animal.
eats plants.
lives on another animal without harming it.
kills and eats other animals
36
Which part of Figure 3–3 shows transpiration?
A on the left
B on the left
A on the right
B on the right
37
Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
algae
photosynthetic bacteria
chemosynthetic bacteria
trees
38
A wetland that contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water is called
stream
river
estuary
pond
39
Why can’t the producers in some ecosystems make an unlimited supply of organic material?
Too many carnivores eat the producers.
Energy needed to make organic material is lost as heat.
One or more nutrients are in short supply.
Temperatures are too hot for photosynthesis.
40
Which of the following is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?
river
estuary
stream
lake
41
A wolf pack hunts, kills, and feeds on a moose. In this interaction, the wolves are
prey
hosts
predators
mutualists
42
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
energy forms chemical compounds + nutrients are lost as heat
energy limited in biosphere + nutrients are always available
43
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
matter does not change into new compounds.
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
biological systems use only carbon oxygen hydrogen +nitrogen
44
When dairy farmer chooses breed cows that give most milk in herd farmers r following principle
artificial selection.
descent with modification.
natural selection.
acquired characteristics.
45
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
chain
network
web
interaction
46
What is a basic difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte?
A sporophyte is much smaller than the gametophyte.
sporo-sexual game-asexual
sporophyte is reproductive structure while gametophyte isnt
sporo-diploid game-haploid
47
Which animal would be found in the biome that has cold to moderate winters, warm summers...?
whitetail deer
polar bear
iguana
caribou
48
What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?
scavengers
producers
consumers
decomposers
49
Organisms need nutrients in order to
recycle chemical compounds.
utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
carry out essentiallife functions.
carry out nitrogen fixation.
50
Corn planted in a field previously planted with legumes and then plowed under is likely to be
more pro bc nitrogen-fixing bacteria help to keep away pests
less productive because legumes remove phosphorus from soil
- pro bc legumes took nitrogen carbon + phosphorus from soil
more productiv bc bacteria on roots of legumes fix N in soil
51
Plants use the energy of sunlight to
carry out photosynthesis.
exchange gases with the atmosphere.
take in water from the soil.
carry out cellular respiration.
52
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a community.
a population.
an ecosystem.
a species.
53
Darwins observation that birds of diff species on island have same traits support that birds
acquired traits through use and disuse.
all eat the same type of food.
descended from a common ancestor.
have the ability to interbreed.
54
#+location bones many fossil verteb r similar 2 living verte This evidence support what concept
Lamarck’s tendency towards perfection
the inheritance of acquired traits
analogous structures
common descent
55
An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called
herbivory
carnivory
predation
symbiosis
56
Animals that get energy by eating other animals killed by predators or natural causes r called
heterotrophs
omnivores
detritivores
scavengers
57
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
energy path
food pyramid
trophic level
food chain
58
When environmental conditions r unfavorable why is it advantage for algae 2 reproduce sexually
Sexual makes larger numbers of offspring in less time
sexual makes kids w genetic variety + durable zygotes
Theyre multicellul when conditions r bad which favors sexual
sexual produces multicellular which are better to survive
59
Of the following locations, you would most likely find mosses growing in
exposed ground with direct sun.
shaded ground near a small pond.
hot, dry, mineral-poor soil.
sandy soil near a beach.
60
Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
organisms that r fittest are always largest and strongest
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
Acquired characteristic that r inherite r cause of evolution
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
61
An organism’s niche is
a full description of the place an organism lives.
all of the physical and biological factors in environment.
rangephysical+bioconditionlives+getwhatneedsurvive+reproduce
the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive
62
The number of seed leaves distinguishes
angiosperms from gymnosperms.
club mosses from mosses.
seed plants from seedless plants.
two groups of angiosperms.
63
Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
fitness
diversity
adaptation
evolution
64
Why is an organism’s niche like a person’s occupation?
A niche is a “company” that the organism has to work in.
An organism can “make a living” and survive in its niche.
A niche is a “factory” where organisms build things.
An organism makes “money” by working in its niche.
65
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
have different habitats within the tree.
occupy different niches within the tree.
don’t eat food from the tree.
can find different temperatures within the tree.
66
new plant w branched veins, taproot, stems w cells w thicc cell walls:
woody plant
monocot
its woody plant
annual
67
Xylem tissue is important because it
allows water to diffuse from the roots.
carries carbohydrates to all parts of the plant.
carries out photosynthesis.
can conduct water over long distances.
68
Which of the following ideas was NOT part of Darwin’s contribution to science?
survival of the fittest
inheritance of acquired characteristics
natural selection
descent with modification
69
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
plants
consumers
humans
bacteria
70
Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3–4?
tree, rabbit, hawk, snake
grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk
grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk
tree, deer, mountain lion, fox
71
If plants need o2 for cellular respiration then why do plants need 2 exchange oxygen w atmosphe
More o2 produced during photosynthesi than needed so release
need more from atmosphere bc photosynthesis doesnt make enou
release of o2 prevents water evaporation
need to release o2 to atmosphere so co2 can enter for photos
72
Which biome has long cold winters and short summers, and is home to conifers?
tundra
boreal forest
temperate woodland
savanna
73
James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists
explained all geologic events on Earth.
refuted work of Lamarck which was based on misunderstandings
explained volcanoes and earthquakes.
suggeste Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred
74
Darwin first began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
agreeing with Lamarck about driving force behind evolution
reading the writings of Wallace.
experimenting with animals.
observing patterns among geographical location of species
75
The average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area are referred to as the area’s
climate
latitude
weather
ecosystem
76
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
autotrophs
heterotrophs
thylakoids
pigments
77
what groups of plants contains species do not undergo alternation of generations
green algae
mosses and their relatives
seed plants
ferns
78
The principle of common descent helps explain why
tigers are so different from cheetahs.
birds + reptiles share number of inherited characteristics.
well-adapted species have many offspring.
conditions in organisms environment ensures organisms surviv
79
ecological inquiry method ecologist using when enters area count population numbers of species
questioning
modeling
experimenting
observing
80
Without gas exchange, a plant would be unable to
make minerals.
reproduce
absorb sunlight.
make food.
81
Phosphorus is very important for living things because living organisms need phosphorus to
make carbohydrates.
cycle energy.
perform transpiration.
form DNA and RNA.
82
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection individuals that tend to survive r those with
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
the greatest number of offspring.
variations best suited to environmental conditions.
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.
83
Which is one way a freshwater wetland differs from a lake or pond?
Wetlands are nesting areas for birds but lakes + ponds arent
Water doesn't always cover wetland as it does a lake or pond
Wetlands are salty, but lakes and ponds are fresh.
Water flows in a lake or pond but never flows in a wetland.
84
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
type of soil in the ecosystem
concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem
average temperature of the ecosystem
85
Wha statemen ab memberof pop live long enough2 produce consistent w theo evolution natselection
They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
transmit trait acquired by use and disuse to their offspring
ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment
tend 2 produce fewer offspring than others in the population
86
Which of the following gymnosperm reproductive structures is haploid?
pollen grains
cone scale
seed
seed cone
87
Which of the following correctly relates an angiosperm structure and what it develops into?
ovule→fruit
embryo→fruit
pollen grain→seed
ovary→fruit
88
Which of the following organisms makes its own food using light energy from the sun?
oak
leopard
amoeba
mushroom
89
The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
evaporation
precipitation
the condensation cycle.
the water cycle.
90
Which of the following statements about green algae is true?
They are found in dry areas on land.
Evidence suggests they were the first plants.
They are multicellular plants.
Like other plants, they have specialized structures.
91
Which is an example of how biotic and abiotic factors interact?
Sunlight increases the temperature of pond water.
Water and soil mix together to make mud.
Tree roots split apart rocks in the ground.
Humidity in the air forms fog in a valley.
92
Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?
the natural variation found in all populations
changes in inherited characteristics of population over time
the struggle for existence undergone by all living things
unrelated species living in different locations
93
Which of the following is true?
Plants have adaptations that minimize light absorption.
Plants require less water on sunny days.
Most plants get the water they need from the soil.
Plants take co2 from the atmosphere and dont use oxygen
94
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
tropical dry forest
desert
tundra
temperate forest
95
What is one reason that vascular plants are larger than nonvascular plants?
Nonvas dont reproduce as quickly as vas do they dont growbig
Vas carries water+nutrients betterthan carried by diffusion
Vas plants live where they get more water than nonvas plants
Nonvas cant live in as many areas as vas plants they small
96
What is the sperm-producing structure of a bryophyte?
sporangium
rhizoid
archegonium
antheridium
97
model relationships network complex feeding interactions organisms community producs todecompos
ecosystem
population
food web
food chain
98
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering?
spore
seed
pollen grain
dont pick me pick seed
99
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
primary producers.
decomposers
primary consumers.
heterotrophs
100
Biogeography is the study of
where species and their ancestors live.
how extinct species can be related to living species.
how different species can interbreed.
how animals that live in the same area are closely related.
101
A word that means the same thing as consumer is
producer
carbohydrate
heterotroph
autotroph
102
What is happening to water at D in Figure 3–3?
Water is seeping into the ground to become groundwater.
Water is falling to the ground as precipitation.
Water is being taken up by plants through transpiration.
Water is evaporating from the ocean.
103
long period wo rainfall mountain lion leave hunting territory to drink frompond behavior due to
its need to find different foods to eat.
the change in a biotic factor in its environment.
the change in an abiotic factor in its environment.
its need to find a new habitat.
104
In bryophytes, which of the following structures is like a root?
stalk
sporophyte
rhizoid
capsule
105
People of Charles Darwin’s time understood that fossils were
evidence for the evolution of life on Earth.
available for every organism that ever lived.
preserved remains of ancient organisms.
unrelated to living species.
106
What would have most likely occurred if plants had not begun to live on land?
There would be no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Animals also would not live on land.
Animals would not undergo cellular respiration.
There would be no green algae in the oceans.
107
Compared to land, the open oceans
are nutrient-poor environments.
contain unlimited nitrogen.
are nutrient-rich environments.
are rich in silica and iron.
108
What would happen if population of species shown in the ecosystem in figure were to decrease
The fish would occupy the birds’ niche.
The grass and fish would compete for resources.
The fish population would increase.
The grass population would increase.
109
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
species completely unrelated to those found in South America
species exactly like those found in South America.
species similar to mainland South American species.
110
Which of the following is NOT a reason green algae are classified as plants?
They have genes similar to genes in land plants.
They have chlorophyll a and b.
They have genes similar to genes in land plants.
They have cellulose in their cell walls.
111
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT
more offspring are born than can survive.
fitness varies among individuals.
population size is very large.
there is heritable variation among members of the population
112
How have the sporophyte and gametophyte changed as plants have evolved?
Many more recently evolved plants no longer have sporophyte
More recently evolved plants are mostly haploid gametophytes
sporophyte got larger but the gametophyte has not changed
gametophyte has become smaller + sporophyte has become large
113
According2 theo of natselection organisms who survive r adapted for environment survival due to
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
lack of competition within the species.
114
Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem?
Living organisms modify their environment a little at a time
Parts of communities split off to form new communities.
An ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage.
Animals move out of ecosystem until succession is complete.
115
Modern sea star resemble primitive vertebrate larvae This similarity suggest primitive vertebra
evolved before sea stars.
share a common ancestor with sea stars.
evolved from sea stars.
belong to the same species as sea stars.
116
What goes in Box 5 of the food web in Figure 3–2?
herbivores
scavengers
decomposers
carnivores
117
In which of the following environments are green algae NOT found?
fresh water
moist areas on land
dry areas on land
salt water
118
The gametophytes of gymnosperms are found inside reproductive structures called
ovules
cones
embryos
flowers
119
In Figure 22–5, what letter indicates the structure where the embryo develops?
D
B
G
F
120
What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?
biotic, abiotic, and nutrient
producer, consumer, and decomposer
energy, biomass, and numbers
energy, nutrient, and trophic
121
The North Pole and the South Poles are
part of aquatic ecosystems.
not classified into major biomes.
classified as tundra biomes.
not home to any animals.
122
Because bryophytes do not have vascular tissue, they
grow close to the ground.
obtain all their water from the surrounding air.
have true roots, stems, and leaves.
show alternation of generations.
123
Which of the following is a biological aspect of an organism’s niche?
the water in the area
composition of soil
amount of sunlight
the way it gets food
124
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources r called
thylakoids
autotrophs
plants
heterotrophs
125
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
predation
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
126
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
artificial selection.
artificial variation.
survival of the fittest.
natural selection.
127
What can happen after a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient?
An algal bloom occurs.
Nitrogen compounds are recycled.
The concentration of oxygen drops below the necessary level.
Algae begin to die and decomposers take over.
128
Which of the following is NOT a basic method used by ecologists to study the living world?
animal training
experimenting
observing
modeling
129
Which landforms are not classified into a major biome?
islands
prairies
mountain ranges
coastlines
130
How do most primary producers make their own food?
by changing water into carbon dioxide
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
by using light energy to make carbohydrates
by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates
131
The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
biosphere
biome
ecosystem
Community
132
Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species
the presence of vestigial structures.
the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.
the nearly universal genetic code.
133
In seed plants, what is an important difference between gymnosperms and most angiosperms?
gymno- gametophytes in diff structures angio-same structure
both produce seeds on cones, but angio has flowers
gymno needs water, angio doesnt
gymno rely on animals, angio rely on wind
134
Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called
ovaries
pollen grains
petals
cones
135
Vascular plants are able to grow taller than nonvascular plants because
rely on osmosis to transport materials thru body of plant
there is more sunlight in areas where vascular plants live
they can live in drier areas than nonvascular plants.
lignin in cellwalls of vas tissuehelps plantovercome gravity
136
In plants, the diploid phase is known as
the gametophyte.
N phase.
alternation of generations.
the sporophyte.
137
In gymnosperms, the female gametophyte develops inside the
pollen grains
ovules
seed
pollen cone
138
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits is
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
139
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
organic mass.
energy mass.
biomass
trophic mass.
140
which following idea supported by Darwins observation of local variation in turtles in islands
artificial selection
adaptation
tendency towards perfection
acquired characteristics
141
Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
all of the above
legumes
bacteria
decomposers
142
The ancestors of land plants likely evolved from
prokaryotes that carried on photosynthesis.
mosses that lived in the water.
a protist that lived on land.
an organism similar to green algae.

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