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Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
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History of Psychology to Social Psychology
Flashcards
74 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
The early school of thought that used introspection to reveal the mind's makeup was called
structuralism
cognitive neuroscience
functionalism
behaviorism
2
As the night goes on, what sleep stage decreases and disappears?
NREM-1
NREM-3
REM
NREM-2
3
H.M. was unable to form new conscious memories because he had damage to what brain structure?
hippocampus
basal ganglia
hypothalamus
frontal lobe
4
The minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a stimuli 50% of the time is the
Weber's law
signal detection
absolute threshold
just-noticeable difference
5
Which theory accounts for how we hear high pitched sounds?
frequency theory
opponent-processing theory
place theory
gate-control theory
6
What was added when they updated the Atkinson & Shiffron Model of memory?
working memory
long-term memory
automatic processing
sensory memory
7
What type of psychoactive drug increases activity of the nervous system?
stimulants
hallucinogens
LSD
depressants
8
Bipolar II disorder is chracterized by
many mood swings
manic episodes that are longer in duration
high manic episodes
less severe, shorter manic episodes
9
The Bobo doll experiment showed that children can learn through
association
classical conditioning
observation; imitation
operant conditioning
10
Which approach considers how genes, thoughts, and the influence of others impacts behavior
biopsychosocial approach
nature vs. nurture
cognitive approach.
psychodynamic approach
11
A perceptual set is
diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
a mental predisposition that influences perceptions
an inability to recognize faces
an example of top-down processing
12
The fundamental attribution error is our tendency to
underestimate the effects of the disposition on behavior
underestimate the effects of the sitatuation on behavior
overestimate the effects of the sitatuation on behavior
overestimate the effects of the sitatuation on behavior
13
The idea that if you study drunk, you will recall that info better when you get drunk again.
priming
encoding specificity principle
mood congruent memory
state-dependent memory
14
The frontal lobes are responsible for what functions?
planning
personality
judgments
sensation
15
Compared to prejudice, stereotypes are an overgeneralized __________ about a group of people.
behavior
attitude
emotion
belief
16
A test is reliable if it
produces a normal curve
yields consistent scores
has been standardized
measures what it is supposed to measure
17
Looking to other's behavior for guidance when we are unsure how to act is an example of
informational social influence
social facilitation
normative social influence
group polarization
18
Which issue highlights the contribution of genes and environment in predicting behavior
epigentics
continuity vs. stages
nature vs. nurture
stability vs. change
19
Psychology is defined as the study of
observable responses
adapative and maladaptive behaviors
behavior and mental processes
conscious and unconscious mental activity
20
Measuring aggression by counting the number of times a child hits another is an example of
an independent variable
a correlation
an operational definition
a double-blind procedure
21
Neo=Freudians tend to emphasize __________ less than Freud
childhood roots of personality
unconscious
personality structure
sex and aggression
22
The primary motor cortex is located in the
parietal lobe
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
23
The tendency for like-minded people to become more extreme in their beliefs during discussions
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
social loafing
social facilitation
group polarization
24
Parallel processing is good for solving problems that are
sequential
novel or new
include many aspects to the problem
well-learned
25
Performing well-learned tasks better when being watched by others.
social loafing
group polarization
social contagion
social facilitation
26
20 minutes after you put it on, you no longer notice your watch. This is an example of
perception
top-down processing
sensory adaptation
transduction
27
Accomodation (vision) is the process by which
the lens changes shape to focus image on retina
detect features in visual stimuli
make room for others
we convert stimulus energy to neural impulses
28
Light sensitive proteins in the eyes respond to changes in light influencing the release of
melatonin
dopamine
cortisol
epinephrine
29
Which of the following correlation coefficients demonstrates the strongest relationship?
0.3
0.52
-0.65
0.65
30
The process by which our sensory system transforms stimulus energy into neural impulses
sensory adaptation
signal detection
priming
transduction
31
What type of neuron is in the spinal cord and carries messages between other types of neurons
motor neurons
sensory neurons
interneurons
association neurons
32
The somatic nervous system is responsible for
memory formation
controling activity of glands
reflexes
skeletal muscle movement
33
An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members
prejudice
ingroup bias
social script
stereotypes
34
Prof. B referring to Canvas as Blackboard, the old course system at UNH is an example of
storage decay
proactive interference
retroactive interference
repression
35
Which division of the autnomic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest"?
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
36
The research method that allows you to establish cause and effect
correlation
experiement
survey
case study
37
The increase in synaptic connections and firing potential that contributes to learning.
priming
encoding specificity principle
long-term potentiation
the serial position effect
38
Dendrites _______ neural signals.
magnify
receive
transmit
block
39
Buying a product because your favorite celebrity uses it is related to the
cognitive dissonance
peripheral route of persuasion
attribution theory
central route of persuasion
40
Confidence in your ability to succeed or be successful in a task is known as
spotlight effect
self-esteem
self-efficacy
reciprocal determinism
41
a measure of the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables is known as
an experiment
a theory
correlation coefficient
an operational definition
42
Damage to hair cells in the ear is likely to cause
phantom limb sensations
sensorineural hearing loss
loss of balance
conduction hearing loss
43
Not paying attention to sights and sounds can lead to what type of memory failure?
encoding failure
repression
storage decay
retroactive interference
44
Afterimages are accounted for by what theory of color vision
signal detection theory
Young-Helmholtz Theory
feature detection theory
opponent-process theory
45
Repeatedly thinking of your own death is an example of a _____________.
obsession
compulsion
agoraphobia
panic
46
Sociometer theory suggests that social rejection can result in
temporary increases in self-esteem
temporary decreases in self-esteem
temporary decreases in self-efficacy
temporary increases in self-efficacy
47
Which of the following is not one of the big five?
stability
agreeableness
neuroticism
extraversion
48
Having a distinct memory of what you were doing when you heard about the Boston bombing.
a nondeclaritive memory
an implicit memory
a procedural memory
a flashbulb memory
49
At what stage did Piaget suggest children learn the concept of object permanence?
concrete operational
sensorimotor
formal operational
preoperational
50
The discovery that syphillis can cause mental health issues supports the
the medical model
epigenetics
DSM-5
biopsychosocial approach
51
The state of anxiety produced when our attitudes and actions don't match is known as...
situational anxiety
the fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
52
The central nervous system is made up of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
somatic and autonomic nervous system
sensory and motor neurons
brain and spinal cord
53
We tend to prefer our mirror images over images of ourselves in photos. This is an example of
the mere exposure effect
the proximity effect
the similarity effect
physical attractiveness
54
Events like stress that turn certain genes on or off have what type of effect?
discrimination
epigentic
teratogenic
zygotic
55
Not noticing the person giving directions changed when interrupted by the door.
blindsight
change blindness
sequential processing
parallel processing
56
The bundle of axon fibers that connects one cerebral hemisphere to the other is known as
association areas
corpus callosum
medulla
somatosensory cortex
57
Money is an example of what type of reinforcer?
primary
generalized
secondary
delayed
58
According to Roger's, we should accept people despite their shortcomings. This is known as
extraversion
unconditional positive regard
self-actualization
ideal self
59
Projective tests like the Rorschach Inkblot test are scored _________
subjectively
consensus scoring
objectively
expert scoring
60
Which sense is not relayed through the thalamus?
audition
smell
vision
sense of touch
61
Developing an intense craving for a drug after not taking it for a while is known as
withdrawal
tolerance
reuptake
hallucinations
62
what is the approximate voltage required for a neuron to fire?
-70 mV
-55 mV
-80 mV
40 mV
63
Having an impaired theory of mind is associated with what disorder?
flashbulb memories
infantile amnesia
conservation
autism
64
Activity in the thalamus of schizophrenic patients is associated with
flat affect
catatonia
hearing voices
disorganized speech
65
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
see the amount of water is the same despite change in glass
see things from another's perspective
maintain existing schemas as they learn new info
deal with the discipline of potty training
66
Negative reinforcement _________ behavior whereas positive punishment ____________ responding.
increases;decreases
decreases;increases
decreases;decreases
increases;increases
67
If you were looking at the causes aggression, what part of the biopsychosocial model is stress?
unconscious factor
biological factor
psychological factor
social factor
68
A hypothesis is a(n)
set of principles that organizes observations
a testable prediction
observable relationship between variables
unprovable assumption
69
Implicit memory is to _______________ as explicit memory is to _____________.
the spacing effect; the self-reference effect
short-term memory; long-term memory
automatic processing; effortful processing
iconic memory; echoic memory
70
The pumping of positively charged ions out of a neuron after it fires is known as
threshold potential
depolarization
repolarization
all-or-none response
71
Unresolved conflicts at a stage of psychosexual development can cause a person to become ____.
fixated
repressed
projected
self-actualized
72
The part of personality that is focused on seeking immediate gratification, according to Freud
super ego
id
ego
oedipus complex
73
Becoming extremely upset when someone criticizes you is a feature of
defensive self-esteem
secure self-esteem
unconditional positive regard
narcissism
74
Updating your theories about the world based on newly learned information is known as
change
sensorimotor
accommodation
assimiliation