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Unit 5 Review
Unit 5 Review
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1
Convergent evolution
A process that a species actually changes back to its original form
Evolution that happens rapidly
The process by which the same species evolves different traits
The process by which different species evolve similar traits
2
Chordates with backbones are called:
Communists
Vertebrates
Ampiambians
Mammals
3
radioactive dating
way to determine actual age of fossil
estimated guessss
4
This phylogenetic tree plots the biological relationships between distinct vertebrate groups. What are vertebrates?
Animals with backbones, spinal cords, and internal skeletons
Animals with similar traits and different behaviors
Animals that lack skin but have backbones
Animals with scales and exoskeletons
5
fungi are
autotrophic
pseudopodia
heterotrophic
flagella
6
Organisms on the same _______ represent their most recent common ancestor on a phylogenetic tree.
Node
Stem
Clade
Taxa
7
4 kingdoms are Eubacteria, Fungi, Plants and animals what are the other two
Archaebacteria and Protista
Eubacteria and animals
Archaebacteria and plants
Bacteria and seaweed
8
Invertebrate chordates are so named because they have
no notochord and no backbone.
no notochord but do have a backbone.
a notochord and a backbone.
a notochord but no backbone.
9
What is the most complex sub-phylum of chordates?
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata
Pikaiidae
10
Which can be concluded from a comparison of the two phylogenetic trees?
The classification does not change with more evidence.
Phylogenetic trees are inaccurate.
Phylogenetic trees are not subject to change.
Classification can change with new discoveries and evidence.
11
Class is the _______ level of classification
first
second
fourth
thrid
12
In the fossil record, the oldest fossils
Are the biggest
Can be found the furthest away from the surface
Can be found closest to the surface
Can be found above other fossils but below some
13
petrified fossil
hollow space
fossils that change to turn rock
minerals
14
According to the phylogenetic tree studied in this unit, humans are most distantly related to..
Horse
Yeast
Monkey
Tuna
15
Which animal phyla does this belong to?
Mollusca
Dinosaur
Arthropod
Mammal
16
On this phylogenetic tree, the whale is most closely related to the
camel
deer
hippo
pig
17
What plant phyla (or division) are conifers?
Bryophyta
Anthophyta
Coniferophyta
Ginkophyta
18
Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that . . .
animals that look alike are the most closely related
species change over time
different species can interbreed
extinct species are not related to living species
19
TRUE OR FALSE: Eubacteria is only unicellular
True
False
20
What pattern of evolution is pictured?
convergent evolution
coevolution
divergent evolution
adaptive radiation
21
Kingdom is the _______ level of classification
first
third
fourth
second
22
What are the steps to the phylogenetic tree?
Kingdom, Phylum, Domain, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species
Domain, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Genus, Family Species
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus Species
Kingdom, Domain, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus Species
23
All chordates have a(an)
nerve cord in their back.
rocks
invertebrate.
exoskeleton.
24
Phylum is the _______ level of classification
fourth
first
second
third
25
The first chordates to develop jaws were the...
lampreys
hagfish
ray-finned fish
sharks
26
What characteristics do chordates have?
Nerve chords
Gill slits
Notochord
All of the above
27
Plantae
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
28
The 'best' phylogenetic tree is the least parsimonious one.
True
False
29
Which statement is correct about Bionomial nomenclature?
The genus always begins with a capital letter.
The species always begins with a lower case letter.
It is written in italics or is underlined.
All of the above.
30
What is NOT a form of biological classification
molecular sequences
physical features
eye colour
methods of reproduction
31
What does a phylogenetic tree show us?
How closely related species are based on ecological niches.
How closely related species are based on body type.
How closely related species are based on DNA evidence.
How closely related species are based on fossil evidence.
32
Which is the most specific taxon in biological classification?
species
family
order
genus
33
To what biological classification do sharks, rays and skates belong?
Agnatha
Chondrichthyes
Annelid
Osteichthyes
34
Amoeba belongs to ......... kingdom.
the fungi
the monera
the plant
the protista
35
the half of the rate of the radioactive elements to decay
key bed
period
atomic number
half-life
36
Which correctly distinguishes between how a pine tree and an apple tree reproduce?
The pine tree is vascular; the apple tree is a seedless, nonvascular plant.
The pine tree is nonvascular; the apple tree is vascular.
The pine tree has unprotected seeds; the apple tree has seeds in the fruit.
The pine tree bears flowers; the apple tree does not have any flowers.
37
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic
Protist
Prokaryotic
Multicellular
38
Within Kingdom Plantae, the 4 phyla are distinguished by:
Seed pods with thick skins
Colour, Size and Shape
Seed/seedless and vascular/non-vascular
Cell walls, eukaryotic
39
What is a synapomorphy?
a unique derived character
a reversed derived character
a shared derived character
An ancestral character
40
What class of chordates?
Birds
Mammals
Amphibians
Reptiles
41
Chordates have a post-anal tail
True
False
42
fossil record
i like ribs
fossils remains
millions of fossils that scientist have collected
a element that decays
43
What is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?
Annelida
Acanthocephala
Nematoda
Arthropoda
44
What is a plant in the Kingdom Plantae?
Multicellular eukaryotes
Singlecellular prokaryotes
Multicellular prokaryotes
Singlecellular eukaryotes
45
What pattern of evolution is pictured?
divergent evolution
adaptive radiation
convergent evolution
coevolution evolution
46
Phylogenetic Trees Document and Diagram Evolutionary Relationships
True
False
47
Family is the _______ level of classification
seventh
sixth
fifth
eighth
48
Which phyla of the kingdom Plantae was vascular tissue introduced?
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Bryophytes
Ferns
49
What is a synapomorphy?
A trait only displayed in a sister group
A trait that develops separately in two unrelated species
A trait from a common ancestor conserved in descendants
A trait that was not passed onto descendents
50
Eubacteria
clock in Mrs. Winchesters classroom
oldest living cell
:science stuff:
they live almost everywhere and are the oldest unit of life
51
What is convergent evolution ?
2 different & unrelated species evolving similar body shapes & patterns
Look similar on the outside but different inside
Similar bones inside, but they do different jobs
52
Which statement about the development of these species is best supported by this phylogenetic tree?
Species 2 and 3 have the same number of chromosomes as 5 and 6
Species 1 and 2 have more similar DNA homologies to each other than 3 and 6
Species 2 and 3 have the same nutritional requirements as 1 and 5
Species 1 and 2 have similar growth rates to 4 and 5
53
Which plant phyla is composed of flowering plants?
Coniferophyta
Ginkophyta
Bryophyta
Anthophyta
54
Order is the _______ level of classification
eighth
seventh
fifth
sixth
55
Which of the following can be compared to study the phylogenetic relationship between two fish
All three mentioned factors
Internal body structure; living habitats and behaviours
Amino acid sequences; internal body structures
Amino acid sequences; living habitats and behaviours
56
All Chordates possess this type of symmetry
Radial Symmetry
What is a Chordate?
Bilateral Symmetry
Asymmetry
57
The structure made of cartilage that runs between a chordates's digestive tube and its nerve cord is called ___
the pharyngeal slits
the coccyx
the notochord
the post-anal tail
58
The six Kingdoms are Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
True
False
59
Which of the following evolutionary tree best illustrates the phylogenetic relationship?
D
B
C
A
60
In radioactive dating, what is the first thing scientist determine?
the time the radioactive element started decaying
the volume of the object
the weight of the object
the amount of radioactive element in the rock
61
This wood is which type of fossil?
mold
amber
trace fossil
petrified
62
what is radioactive dating?
when atoms lose alpha particles
technique used to date materials like rocks or carbon
an electron breaking apart from a neutron
process where unstable nuclei change and release energy
63
How are the Archaebacteria and Eubacteria different?
Archaebacteria live in extreme environments that Eubacteria cannot survive.
Eubacteria are bad and Archaebacteria are good.
Archaebacteria are prokaryotes and Eubacteria are eukaryotes.
Eubacteria have a nucleus and archaebacteria do not.
64
Relative dating is:
Counting the rings in a tree stump
Identifying where magnetic elements have changed directions
Looking at which layers are younger or older than known ones
Using radioactive isotopes to determine the age of rocks
65
This sample is which type of fossil?
original material
mold and cast
petriifed
amber
66
Using this phylogenetic tree, which organisms are most closely related to dinosaurs and birds?
primates
crocodiles
sharks
amphibeans
67
Which is NOT a DOMAIN of life?
Archea
Eukarya
Animalia
Bacteria
68
Genus is the _______ level of classification
seventh
eighth
fifth
sixth
69
Which fossil is the youngest?
Dinosaurs
Trilobites
Fishes
Mammals
70
What do echinoderms and chordates share several features with?
Human Embryos
Sea squirts
Hemichordates
Acorn Worms
71
What is the classification of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics?
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Taxonomy
72
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Something that shows the evolutionary paths.
Something that shows fossils
Shows the reproduction of animals
A regular tree...
73
Which classification group contains ONLY prokaryotic organisms?
domains: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
kingdom: Plantae
kingdom: Protista
kingdom: Fungi
74
What is the first step of fossil formation?
buried by sediments
organism dies
sedimentary rocks
pressure turns the fossil into rock
75
kingdom Plantae is
autotrophic
heterotrophic
insect
roots
76
What is Parallel Evolution?
Where two species in the same area develop similar traits.
The process of elimination based on survival of the fittest
A permanent change of the genome of an organism.
77
What is one disadvantage of using DNA to build phylogenetic trees?
It is less accurate than comparing protein sequences.
Not answer
It is usually not always possible to get DNA from fossils.
It is less accurate than physical comparisons.
78
A fossil is ____________.
all of the above
found in sedimentary rock
evidence of past life
part of the fossil record
79
What is a fossil?
part of an organism that has been preserved
an imprint from an organism that has been preserved
all of the above
organism or imprint that was buried and turned to stone
80
All insects belong to the Animal kingdom and are?
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
81
Which type of rocks are MOST likely to contain a fossil?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Felsic
Metamorphic
82
What is true about a phylogenetic tree?
links taxa to a common ancestor
everything is exact in description and representation
no chronological order, just linked
hypothesis to what is supported by evidence
83
Adam is studying the phylogenetic tree for big cats. He made several statements about the tree. Which is
not
true?
The leopard is more closely related to the tiger than to the snow leopard.
Leopard is more closely related to the tiger than to the clouded leopard.
Leopard is more closely related to snow leopard than clouded leopard.
Leopard is more closely related to the jaguar than to the snow leopard.
84
Which of these 4 plant phyla has no leaves, roots or stems?
Angiospermophyta
Coniferophyta
Filicinophyta
Bryophyta
85
What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree?
Phylogenetic trees include the estimated time of divergence.
There is no difference.
Cladograms include the estimated time of divergence.
Cladograms must be vertical, phylogenetic trees can be both
86
What are the three main types of evolution?
Divergent, Alleigent, and Insurgent evolution
Divergent, Cosergent, and Verticle evolution
Divergent, Convergent, and Parallel evolution
evo, lu, and tion
87
Taxonomy
The maintenance of stable internal condition
The scientific study of how living things are classified
A cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
An action or change in behavior
88
Which fossil is the oldest?
Fishes
Mammals
Dinosaurs
Trilobites
89
How are sediments a part of the fossil fuel formation?
Decreases temperature
they are deposited on them, burying them & creating pressure
They create heat.
they change the organic matter
90
Domain is the _______ level of classification
fourth
second
third
first
91
The principle of maximum parsimony states that
the simplest explanation is the most likely answer
new evidence can be ignored if it makes an explanation complex
All of these are examples of maximum parsimony
your first answer must always be correct
92
The order of rock ________ help paleontologists tell how old a fossil is relative to another.
types
molds
casts
strata
93
Contrast Plantae and Fungi
plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular
plants have a nucleus and fungi do not
plants have cell walls and fungi do not
plants are autotrophs and fungi are heterotrophs
94
Does a phylogenetic tree imply that some organisms are more "advanced" than others?
Yes
No
95
This ammonite is which type of fossil?
original material
petrified
replacement
mold
96
True or False: Do scientist have complete fossil record?
True
False
97
Species is the _______ level of classification
sixth
seventh
eighth
fifth
98
There are 2 kingdoms of bacteria. Eubacteria and ________________
Archaebacteria
Archaeologist Bacteria
Bananabacteria
Cyanobacteria
99
What does this animal belong to?
Worms
Arthopods
Molluscs
100
What is the difference between Convergent and Divergent evolution?
They are both related species
They are both unrelated species
Divergent is unrelated species and Convergent is related species.
Convergent is unrelated species and Divergent is related species
