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Government and the Economy
Government and the Economy
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1
Which country will be the world’s largest economy in the year 2020?
Japan
United States
China
India
2
The social institution that relies on a recognized set of procedures for achieving the goals of a group is called a(an)
political system.
interest group.
elite group.
political action committee.
3
Which of the following created a heightened demand for particular resources within the Democratic Republic of Congo?
the industrializing nations increasing military weaponry
all of these
the increasing greed of jewelry manufacturers
a market for cell phones and laptop computers with electronic circuit board
4
According to Zweigenhaft and Domhoff, which of the following compose today’s U.S. power elite?
Christian white men
Jews
all of these
Blacks
5
In a society based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from
their exceptional personal or emotional appeal.
threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.
the written rules and regulations of the political system.
custom and accepted practice.
6
In which type of government does a single person hold all power?
dictatorship
democracy
oligarchy
representative democracy
7
The working women of Nepal are largely responsible for which type of economic system?
socialism
communism
informal economy
laissez-faire capitalism
8
Social problems associated with China’s massive economic growth include
pollution and environmental problems.
all of these
high labor turnover.
high injury rates in the work place.
9
Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems.
True
False
10
Like the social institutions of religion and the family, economic, and political systems are considered
latent functions.
culturally relative.
interest groups.
cultural universals.
11
Which of the following resources has recently led to unfettered capitalism in the Democratic Republic of Congo?
gold
diamonds
uranium
coltan
12
Which of the following would be an example of the informal economy?
a woman who runs an unlicensed childcare center for cash-paying friends
a man who runs a shell game from a makeshift stand on an urban street
a waitress who makes much more money in unreported tips than her salary
all of these
13
Which of the following has had a beneficial effect on international relations according to sociologists and researchers?
immigration
foreign exchange programs
all of these
international trade
14
Socialist societies differ from capitalist societies in their commitment to
provision of social service programs.
none of these
support of the mass media.
free elections.
15
Traditional authority refers to
none of these
legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice.
power made legitimate by law.
power made legitimate by emotional appeal to his or her followers.
16
Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty is referred to as
none of these
microfinancing.
offshoring.
outsourcing.
17
Who came up with the tersely articulated but often remembered definition for politics?
Harold Lasswell
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Herbert Blumer
18
Adam Smith is associated with
laissez-faire capitalism.
British socialism.
European socialism.
Asian communism.
19
The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories is known as
downsizing.
shrink wrapping.
modernization.
deindustrialization.
20
Power relations can involve
all of these
large organizations.
people in an intimate association.
small groups.
21
Transfers of money, goods, or services that take place but are not reported to the government are referred to as
socialist sanctions.
an informal economy.
capitalistic profits.
communism.
22
Who created a classification system of authority that distinguishes between traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic
Michael Harrington
Max Weber
Émile Durkheim
Karl Marx
23
Which of the following are responsible for opening up China’s economy to capitalism?
private enterprise
young socialist revolutionaries
communist party officials
U.S. government officials
24
Totalitarianism is a form of
oligarchy.
dictatorship.
monarchy.
representative democracy.
25
The United States utilizes which type of government?
oligarchy
democracy
dictatorship
representative democracy
26
In which type of economic system the central government, a representative of the people, makes basic economic decisions?
capitalism
agrarianism
communism
socialism
27
What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule?
dictatorship
democracy
oligarchy
representative democracy
28
Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack?
Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack.
Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack.
Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy.
all of these
29
Which of the following did C. Wright Mills fail to provide when outlining his theory of a power elite?
all of these
when the elite opposes protest
when the elite tolerate protest
detailed case studies of interrelationships
30
Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services?
industrial society
agrarian society
horticultural society
postmodern society
31
In a society based on charismatic authority, leaders derive their authority from
custom and accepted practice.
the written rules and regulations of the political system.
their exceptional personal or emotional appeal.
threats to use coercion to impose their will on others.
32
Informal economies exist only in developing countries.
False
True
33
What term do we use to refer to “who gets what, when, and how?”
economic systems
politics
interest groups
political systems
34
Which group has a particularly low voter turnout?
young adults
the poor
members of racial and ethnic minorities
all of these
35
Which of the following attributes accurately reflect today’s corporate elite?
cohesive
wealthy
powerful
all of these
36
Reductions taken in a company’s workforce as part of deindustrialization are called
deindustrialization.
downsizing.
alienation.
anomie.
37
Your textbook lists which of the following countries in which the monarch still holds genuine governmental power?
Denmark
Great Britain
France
Monaco
38
What term do we refer to the use or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims?
terrorism
politics
war
hard negotiation
39
What are the two basic types of economic systems that distinguish contemporary societies?
socialism and communism
capitalism and democracy
capitalism and socialism
capitalism and communism
40
The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as
influence.
charisma.
force.
pressure.
41
Wright Mills agreed with Karl Marx in that the economic structure of capitalism by itself could create a ruling class.
False
True
42
Which term refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised?
authority
influence
political efficacy
legitimacy
43
Karl Marx believed that
all of these
communist societies would naturally evolve out of socialist societies.
socialist societies would naturally evolve out of capitalist societies.
communist societies would naturally evolve out of capitalist societies.
44
Before 1971, you had to be twenty-one in order to vote in a political election in the U.S.
False
True
45
Which sociologist originally articulated the concept of the power elite?
Robert Merton
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
C. Wright Mills
46
__ authority is derived more from the beliefs of followers than from the actual qualities of leaders.
Charismatic
Rational-legal
Traditional
Democratic
47
A decline in political participation allows governments to
become dictatorships.
be held to higher standards.
become more efficient.
operate with less accountability.
48
Which form of government is lead by a single member of a royal family?
monarchy
oligarchy
dictatorship
democracy
49
When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying
influence.
force.
authority.
all of these
50
Max Weber defined force as
the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one’s will on others.
the ability to exercise one’s will over others.
the exercise of power through a process of persuasion.
power that is institutionalized by the people over whom it is exercised.
51
Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one’s will over others?
influence
politics
legitimacy
power
52
Which two theorists were responsible for the development of socialism?
Max Weber and Adolph Hitler
James William Gibson and Adam Smith
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Émile Durkheim and Max Weber
53
Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process.
True
False
54
A monopoly is
a market with relatively few sellers.
a market through which goods are produced, distributed, and consumed.
a form of capitalism under which people compete freely.
the control of a market by a single business firm.
55
When did the Chinese government first begin to ease restrictions against private enterprise?
the 1960s
1949
the 1980s
2000
56
Capitalism is an economic system in which
none of these
all property is communally owned.
the means of production are largely in private hands.
the means of production and distribution are collectively owned.