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Cumulative AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Cumulative AP Psychology Exam Review
Cumulative AP Psychology Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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Questions
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1
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
2
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
3
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
4
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
musical
5
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
6
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
brightness
color
7
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the principle of collectivism
8
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
9
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
deindividuation
group polarization
social loafing
10
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
11
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
12
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
13
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
14
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
15
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
16
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
mental age
a percentile score
IQ
17
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
dissociative
cyclical
unipolar
18
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
hypnosis
consciousness
perception
sensation
19
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
20
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
21
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
groupthink
22
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
23
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
24
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
compensation
fixation
displacement
25
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
schematizing
26
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
27
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
fluid
episodic
procedural
28
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
script
semantic network
29
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
30
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
31
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
32
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
33
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
delta
alpha
34
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
35
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
36
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
37
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
38
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
social charm
39
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
introspection
40
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
pitch
timbre
decibels
41
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
42
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
perception
sensation
processing
43
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
44
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
45
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
loud noise
rat
46
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
47
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
48
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
latent learning
49
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
50
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
51
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
52
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
self-serving bias
stereotypes
prejudices
53
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
a sedative
54
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test scores
test levels
test norms
55
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
syntax
56
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
57
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
58
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
59
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
creativity
insight
reasoning
60
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
pituitary
thyroid
thalamus
61
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
62
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
63
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
mode
midpoint
64
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
symmetry
closure
constancy
65
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
been dreaming
66
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
67
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
68
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
construct
absolute
content
69
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
70
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
71
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
72
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
73
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
74
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
75
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
location of injury
spinal cord
cortex
76
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
conscious experience
the brain
the unconscious
77
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
78
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
physiological stability
79
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
centration
reversibility
80
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
genital
latency
oral
81
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
82
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
83
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
retrieved
modeled
ablated
84
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
conventional
postconventional
85
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
cultural practices
exposure to light
86
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
87
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
social scripts
display rules
parental investments
88
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
89
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
90
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
lens
iris
vitreous humor
91
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
92
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
93
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
94
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
95
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a compulsion
a phobia
a delusion
96
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
97
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
observational learning
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
98
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
REM
stage 2
99
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
100
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
101
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
102
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
happiness
fear
103
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
104
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
105
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
106
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
memory
feeding
the endocrine system
107
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
108
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
conversion disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
109
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
logical reasoning
110
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
111
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
112
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
113
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
114
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
115
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
116
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
117
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
predictability
118
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
119
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
illusions
delusions
120
Anhedonia is when a person...
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
has trouble getting along with people
121
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
endorphin
122
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
tree-bird
123
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
124
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
125
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
126
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
oval window
stirrup
temporal lobe
127
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
128
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
punishment
129
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
strange situation
attachment probing
130
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
conflict
change
pressure
131
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
132
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
133
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
a contravened stereotype
134
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
135
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the observational group
the experimental group
the control group
136
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
137
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
138
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
anxiety
schizophrenic
mood
139
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
140
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
temperament
attachment
personality
141
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
attributionism
functionalism
142
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
cerebellum
brainstem
limbic system
143
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
144
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
sensory
145
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
operant conditioning
146
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
147
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
antagonists
agonists
action potentials
148
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
149
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
150
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
complete retrieval failure
