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KINS 301 - Exam #3 Flashcards | StudBud
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KINS 301 - Exam #3
KINS 301 - Exam #3
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Therapeutic Cold and Heat, Electrical Stimulation, Mechanical and Light Therapy
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Answers
1
In order to kill bacteria, what is an appropriate temperature for the water-filled heating unit of moist heat packs?
175°F
135°F
160°F
155°F
2
What type of current is pictured below?
monopolar
monophasic
biphasic
bipolar
3
Which local response will occur as the body responds to heat loss from cryotherapy?
Decreased metabolic rate
Increased inflammation
Increased pain
Vasodilation
4
Which of the following is the best description of the current in the picture?
pulsed biphasic current with modulated amplitude
alternating current with modulated amplitude
biphasic current with modulated frequency
alternating current with modulated frequency
5
Monopolor stimulation involves an active and dispersive electrode. The current density determines which is active.
False
True
6
Motor-level stimulation is used for which of the following?
motor pain control
muscle re-education
sensory pain control
muscle strengthening
7
For biofeedback, range should be set at highest while the patient is contracting and then adjust to 3/4 original range.
True
False
8
Which describes low-level laser therapy?
Detects physiological activity in the body converting it to audio & visual
Uses highly organized light (photons) that elicit physiological events
Introduction of ionized medication in to subcutaneous tissue
Assist in venous and lymphatic drainage by creating a pressure gradient
9
What sensation should a patient feel if the intensity of the electrical stimulation is subsensory?
No senstation at all
anesthesia
sharp, needle-like pain
tingling but not painful
10
What parameter is primarily responsible for determining whether the treatment effects will be thermal or nonthermal?
Output intensity
Spatial average intensity
Duty cycle
Transducer head
11
What type of whirlpool should be used when utilizing the technique for wound cleansing or debridement?
Tile tub
Stainless steel tub
In-ground tub
Spa-type tub
12
Which fiber type depolarizes with the lowest level of electrical stimulation?
A-alpha neuron
bone
muscle fiber
A-beta neuron
13
How large of a treatment area can be effectively exposed to ultrasonic energy?
Two to three times larger than the diameter of the transducer
Two to three times smaller than the diameter of the transducer
Equivalent to the diameter of the transducer
Four to five time larger than the diameter of the transducer
14
The intensity of sensory-level stimulation should be _______________.
a barely-visible muscle contraction
a strong and uncomfortable sensation for the patient
a strong, visible muscle contraction
a strong but comfortable sensation for the patient.
15
A beam nonuniformity ratio of greater than 8:1 is considered unacceptable and potentially harmful.
True
False
16
The type of fiber stimulated when the phase duration of a current is 400-1000 microseconds is:
A-beta
A-alpha
C
muscle cell
17
__________ frequency of ultrasound will result in heating that lasts twice as long as _________ frequency.
0.5 watts per centimeter squared, 1.5 watts per centimeter squared
3.3 mHz, 1.0 mHz
1.0 watts per centimeter squared, 0.5 watts per centimeter squared
1.0 mHz, 3.3 mHz
18
What temperature increase is required to decrease muscle spasm and pain?
1°C
5°C
2 to 3°C
3 to 4°C
19
Which of the following frequencies of electrical current would meet the least amount of capacitive resistance to flow?
10Hz
50Hz
1 Hz
100 Hz
20
When comparing heat and cold, which of the following accurately describes the effect of heat treatments?
Increased capillary permeability
Decreased blood flow
Decreased cell wastes
Increased fluid viscosity
21
Which of the following are indications for the use of a moist heat pack?
Subacute injury
Acute injury
Hematoma reduction
Decreased range of motion
22
With motor neuron stimulation, the pulse rate should be in what range for individual muscle contraction to be seen?
1-10
15-30
60-80
80-120
23
Light having a wavelength of 780-12,500 nm would be classified as:
Blue
Red
Infrared
Ultraviolet
24
Galvanic stimulation is also known as direct current.
False
True
25
Patient's receive only visual feedback during a electromyographic biofeedback treatment.
True
False
26
Sensory-level stimulation is most often used for _________________.
muscle re-education
pain control via C fiber stimulation
muscle strengthening
pain control via A-beta stimulation
27
The depth that laser energy penetrates into the body is related to:
Duty cycle
Total joules
Wavelength
Total watts
28
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for the use of electrical stimulation?
pregnancy
cancerous lesion
exposed metal implants
swelling
29
E-stim treatment for muscle re-education on the vastus medialis oblique, pads would be placed where?
on the muscle belly of the VMO
around the motor point of the VMO
on the distal and proximal tendons of the VMO
over the distal VMO
30
Which is a contraindication to cold application?
Chronic muscle spasms
Chronic pain
Chronic wounds
Chronic pain
31
How many layers of terry-cloth towel should be placed between the skin and moist heat pack?
6
9
12
3
32
Which describes intermittent compression?
Introduction of ionized medication in to subcutaneous tissue
Used highly organized light (photons) that elicit physiological events
Assist in venous and lymphatic drainage by creating a pressure gradient
Detects physiological activity in the body then converts to audio or visual
33
E-stim treatment for pain over the lateral femoral condyle associated with IT band syndrome should have the pads where?
on either side of the painful area
over the motor point of the tensor fascia latae
directly on the painful area
over the motor point of the iliotibial band
34
What type of current is pictured in this illustration?
pre-modulated
asymmetrical biphasic
interferential
symmetrical biphasic
35
Which types of circuits are created when electrical stimulation is applied to the human body?
Parallel
Alternating
Both parallel and series
Series
36
Therapeutic intervention by using a modality can help speed up healing after an injury.
False
True
37
Noxious stimulation reach with of the following neurons/fibers?
A-beta neuron
C fibers
A-alpha neuron
A-delta
38
What is the correct order of cooling in tissues?
Skin, adipose, fascia, muscle
Skin, muscle, fascia, adipose
Skin, adipose, muscle, fascia
Skin, fascia, muscle, adipose
39
Which is the reduction of pain thru e-stim by motor neuron stimulation to reduce pain perception (motor pain control)
muscle contraction causes increased local circulation
muscle contraction causes muscle relaxation by reducing spasm
Muscle contraction impulses are sent to the brain, stimulating seritonin
muscle contraction elicits release of beta-endorphins
40
Effective radiating area (ERA) of the US transducer is the area that is transmitting at least 5% of the max output.
False
True
41
Which techniques can decrease the formation of edema in an extremity following an acute injury?
Applying a cold application
apply intermittent compression
Applying a heat application
elevate the limb to 90 degrees from horizontal
42
Which coupling methods are best suited to treat an irregular area such as the talocrural joint?
Direct coupling and bladder technique
Direct coupling and pad technique
Bladder technique and immersion technique
Immersion technique and direct coupling
43
Noxious-level stimulation is used for pain control via the ___________________.
A-beta stimulation
descending pain control mechanism
descending gate mechanism
ascending gate mechanism
44
Which describes biofeedback?
Introduction of ionized medication in to subcutaneous tissue
Uses highly organized light (photons) that elicit physiological events
Detects physiological activity in the body then converts to audio & visual
Assist in venous and lymphatic drainage by creating a pressure gradient
45
Cryotherapy modalities have a temperature range between 32°F and 45°F.
True
False
46
What biological tissue is the primary resistor to therapeutic electrical flow?
Fat
Adipose
Muscle
Skin
47
When using ultrasound, what depth of tissue will a 3-MHz output frequency effectively treat?
1 cm
3 to 4 cm
2 to 3 cm
4 to 5 cm
48
Which coupling mediums are NOT able to transmit any ultrasound energy?
Eucerin cream
Water based gels
Myoflex cream
White petroleum gel
49
Wolff's law can be applied to therapeutic modality use.
True
False
50
Ice massage can be an effective cold treatment in which injury?
Gastrocnemius muscle spasm
Hamstring strain
Fibular stress fracture
Ankle ligament sprain
