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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
2
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
3
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
4
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
5
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
6
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
NREM
beta waves and delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
7
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
8
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
individualism
in-group bias
self-serving bias
9
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
10
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
11
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
12
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
anixety
13
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
14
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
15
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
16
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
17
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
18
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
19
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
20
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
21
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
22
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
23
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
24
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
25
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
26
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
27
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
28
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
antagonists
tolerance
dissociation
29
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
adrenaline
30
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
range
mean
median
31
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
external
situational
32
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
33
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
34
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
35
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
36
The WISC is a...
none of these
Intelligence test
Personality inventory
personality test
37
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
38
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
39
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
planning for the future
processing sensory information
40
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
41
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
42
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
43
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
44
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
attachment
45
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
46
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
47
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
48
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
49
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
morpheme
50
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
51
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
52
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
53
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
54
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
latent learning
social learning theory
55
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
56
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
57
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
58
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
59
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
60
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
61
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
62
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
63
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
basilar membrane
64
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
65
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
66
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
67
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
68
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
69
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
70
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
71
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
72
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
73
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
74
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
make new friends
75
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
76
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
77
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
secondary
primary
partial
78
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
humanist
79
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
80
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
81
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
82
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
83
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
84
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
85
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
86
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
87
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
88
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
modes
variances
outliers
89
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
90
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
91
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
MRI
rTMS
92
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
93
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
94
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
95
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
96
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
Moro
rooting
97
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
98
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
99
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
100
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
101
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
102
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
positive reinforcement
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
103
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
104
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
proactive interference
leading questions
brain injury
105
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
aptitude test
106
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
approach-avoidance
postconventional
James-Lange
107
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
108
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
109
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
110
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
111
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
112
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
rods
cornea
113
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
114
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
115
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pons
cerebellum
116
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
117
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
118
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
119
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
120
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
standard deviation
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
121
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
projective
achievement
standardized
122
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
123
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social facilitation
disinhibition
social roles
124
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
standard deviation
median
range
125
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
126
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
127
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
Barnum effect
128
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
129
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
130
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
131
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
132
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
133
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic nerve
optic chiasm
fovea
134
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
135
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
136
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
touch
sight
smell
137
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
138
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
139
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
remove : decrease
140
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
141
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
142
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
143
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
144
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
145
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
146
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
147
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
148
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
retinal disparity
closure
convergence
149
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
150
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
151
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
trait
biological
humanistic
152
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
153
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
154
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
single blind study
155
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
SSRIs
lithium
156
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
157
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
158
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
159
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
160
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
161
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
162
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
163
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness