Unit 11 - M.E.N.A.

The belief of one God. The religious concept is most commonly associated with Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Refers to the separation of government and religion. Religious institutions have no formal government authority.

Wave of political protests & uprisings that swept across several nations in the Middle East & North Africa in 2010-2011.

A law, rules, or policies ordered by a government or an authority.

The central religious text of Islam, & is believed by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

Muslims that believe that leadership of the Muslim community should have been passed down to the Prophet Muhammad's kin.

Conflict between Iraq and a global coalition, led by the United States, in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990

A movement that advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, led to the state of Israel in 1948.

Borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west and surrounded by Arab countries. Referred to as the promised land by Jews.

Is the central religious text of Judaism and is also known as the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament for Christians.

Capital city of Israel. Established by King David at around 1000 BC. Considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

A place of worship and congregation for Muslims. It is a central institution in Islam.

Refers to an Islamic state that is governed by a supreme religious & political leader. Dominant during medievil periods.

A place of worship and assembly for Jews. It is a central institution in Judaism.

The largest branch of Islam. Believe that leaders should be chosen by consensus. Represent around 85% of global Muslims.

Region/land in the Middle East that has been the subject of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians for decades.

Nomadic Arab peoples who live in the deserts of the Middle East and North Africa. Distinict culture and way of life.

Form of government in which the state has complete control over all aspects of society & individual freedoms are limited

A holy city in Saudi Arabia, considered the holiest site in Islam. It is also the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammed.

An industrial process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater to produce freshwater.

The limited availability of resources relative to unlimited human wants and needs.

Monotheistic system of beliefs & practices based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as embodied in the New Testament.

Refers to the dispersion or scattering of a particular group of people from their original homeland.

A group of 13 oil-producing nations that coordinate oil production and pricing policies. Led by Saudi Arabia and Russia.

In 1979 toppled the monarchy and established a theocracy as an Islamic Republic, transforming Iran's politics & society.

Military conflict led by the US from 2003 - 2011, result in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's government.

Monotheistic religion based on teachings of Muhammad. 2nd largest religion in the world, dates back to 1,400 years ago.

The process by which fertile land becomes desert. Can be from human activities or natural factors such as climate change

A military campaign focused in Afghanistan, launched by the US following 9/11. Longest war in US history, ending in 2021

A government controlled by religious leaders.

The religion of the Jewish people. It is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years.