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Evolve - Radiology Review Questions - Self-Study Examination
Evolve - Radiology Review Questions - Self-Study Examination
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Review questions from the self-study examination on evolve for Radiology.
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1
Which of the following choices will create an image of decreased density?
An increase in exposure time.
An increase in milliamperage.
An increase in subject thickness.
An increase in operating kilovoltage (kV).
2
Identify the potential sources of occupational exposure to x-radiation:
leakage radiation
primary radiation
all of the above
scattered radiation
3
All of the following would appear radiopaque on a radiograph except:
amalgam
enamel
periodontal ligament space
dentin
4
Identify which of the following is
not
a type of electromagnetic radiation:
x-rays
radar waves
electrons
microwaves
5
All of the following would appear radiolucent on a radiograph except:
dental pulp
air space
dental caries
bone
6
Which of the following is the term used to describe the overall blackness or darkness of a dental image?
contrast
density
overexposure
intensity
7
Where should a film badge be worn?
In the pocket of pants or slacks
At waist level
On a shirt collar
On a shirt pocket
8
Identify which of the following results when a receptor is exposed with a high milliamperage setting:
low contrast
increased density
high contrast
decreased density
9
Identify the periapical receptor size used for a maxillary premolar exposure in an adult patient:
size 1
size 3
size 4
size 2
10
Machines operating above 70 kV require a minimum total of 2.5 mm aluminum filtration.
False
True
11
Identify which of the following element(s) is/are located within the x-ray tube:
focusing cup
all of the above
anode
cathode
12
Identify the unit of time used to measure x-ray exposure:
milliamperes
impulses
amperes
voltage
13
Identify the function(s) of the milliamperage setting on the x-ray machine:
controls the temperature of the tungsten filament
controls the quality of the x-rays produced
blue and red
controls the quantity of x-rays produced
14
Which of the following is true of nonstochastic effects of radiation?
Effects occur as a direct function of the dose
Severity of effects does not depend on the magnitude of the absorbed dose
Effects have a threshold
The probability of occurrence increases with increasing absorbed dose
15
Identify which of the following statements is/are true concerning operator protection:
all of the above are true
the radiographer should stand behind a protective barrier during exposure
it is acceptable for the radiographer to hold the tubehead during exposure
its acceptable for the radiographer to hold a receptor in place for patient
16
Inherent filtration alone will meet the standards regulated by state and federal law.
True
False
17
Identify which of the following processes occurs with ionization:
photons penetrate matter
an electron is displaced from its orbit
radiant energy is converted to heat
cell death takes place
18
Identify the function of the kilovoltage setting on the x-ray machine:
controls the number of photons available
controls the quantity of x-rays produced
all of the above
controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
19
Identify which of the following is used to make a collimator:
aluminum
lead
copper
tungsten
20
Identify the portion of the cell that is damaged when a genetic mutation results:
proteins
lipids
DNA
cytoplasm
21
Identify the function of filtration:
to remove the long wavelengths from the x-ray beam
to remove the low energy x-rays from the beam
to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam
blue and yellow
22
Identify an early clinical sign of excessive exposure to radiation:
loss of hair
erythema
bleeding
jaundice
23
Which combinations of film speed and collimation for dental imaging will result in the lowest dose to the patient?
D-speed film with round collimation
F-speed film with round collimation
D-speed film with rectangular collimation
F-speed film with rectangular collimation
24
Identify the recommended positioning of the dental radiographer to the primary beam:
60 to 90 degrees
90 to 135 degrees
135 to 180 degrees
90 to 120 degrees
25
Identify which of the following is most effective in reducing x-radiation exposure:
16-inch, lead-lined, round PID
8-inch, lead-lined, round PID
8-inch, lead-lined, rectangular PID
16-inch, lead-lined, rectangular PID
26
Identify the part of the x-ray tube that contains the focal spot:
cathode
anode
focusing cup
filament
27
Identify the function of the collimator:
to remove the long wavelengths from the x-ray beam
to remove the low energy x-rays from the beam
to increase scatter radiation
to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam
28
X-radiation causes cell damage primarily through formation of:
thymine dimers
free radicals
damage to the DNA of a cell
damage to the RNA of a cell
29
Identify which of the following are patient protection measures used to limit exposure to x-radiation:
use of lead apron and thyroid collar
use of receptor-holding devices
following the ALARA concept
use of F speed film
30
Identify which of the following is determined by the milliamperage and exposure time settings:
number of electrons produced
energy of the radiation produced
penetrating ability of the x-ray beam
amount of film fog
31
Identify why a child's cells are more susceptible to damage from x-radiation than adult cells:
more sensitive cell epithelium
less rapid cellular repair
more rapid cell reproduction
less bone tissue
32
Identify the safest positioning for a radiographer during an x-ray exposure in which no shielding is available:
at least 6 feet behind the patient's head
at a 45-degree angle to the patient
none of the above
at least 6 feet away from the tubehead
33
The purpose of the aluminum disks is to filter out:
shorter wavelength x-rays.
high-energy x-rays.
all of the above
x-rays that are not useful in diagnostic dental imaging.
34
Identify which of the following is
not
a property of x-rays:
the ability to produce ionization of matter
the ability to produce a latent image
the ability to penetrate organic matter
the ability to fluoresce all materials
35
Filtration is used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam and to reduce patient exposure.
False
True
36
A rectangular collimator:
produces a beam that is collimated to a diameter of 2.75 inches.
filters out the longer wavelength, low-energy x-rays from the x-ray beam.
will expose the patient to more radiation than a circular collimator.
restricts x-ray beam size to a area slightly larger than size 2 receptor
37
X-rays were discovered by:
Heinrich Geissler
William Crookes
Philip Lenard
Wilhelm Roentgen
38
Which of the following is true concerning atomic structure?
Both protons and electrons carry positive electrical charges
A shell is located closest to the nucleus & has the weakest binding energy
An electron does not have any mass
The strongest binding energy for electrons is found closest to the nucleus
39
Identify which of the following is
true
concerning radiation injury
x-radiation only injures somatic cells
cumulative effects of x-radiation exposure lead to health problems
all radiation injuries are evident immediately
acute injury due to x-radiation exposure is common
40
Which of the following is the SI system equivalent of the radiation absorbed dose (rad)?
coulombs/kilogram
the roentgen equivalent in man (rem)
the sievert
the gray
41
Identify the intensity of the x-ray beam if the PID is increased from 8 inches to 16 inches:
the beam will be one quarter as intense
the beam will be twice as intense
the beam will be four times as intense
the beam will be half as intense
42
Which of the following is true regarding the component parts of an intraoral dental x-ray machine?
The on-off switch turns off when each x-ray exposure is completed.
The position-indicating device (PID) extends from the tubehead opening.
All x-ray machines require setting individual controls for kVp, mA and time
Each x-ray unit requires a separate control panel.
43
Characteristics produced with high kv: 1 more penetrating 2 less penetrating 3 longer wavelength 4 shorter wavelength
1 and 3
1 and 4
2 and 4
2 and 3
44
Identify which of the following is not a component of inherent filtration:
the tubehead seal
unleaded glass window
the lead-lined cone
oil
45
Identify the reduction in absorbed dose when changing from D-speed film to F-speed film:
20%
60%
40%
80%
46
Beam alignment devices and collimating devices are used to indicate the position of the ___ in relation to the tooth
Stabe Bite-Block
position-indicating device (PID)
Snap-A-Ray
curve of Spee
47
The potential risk of dental imaging inducing a fatal cancer in a individual has been estimated approx _ in 1 million
300
3
0.3
30
48
When a high operating kilovoltage (90 kV) is used:
it results in low subject contrast.
it results in high subject contrast.
many shades of gray are seen on the dental image.
red and yellow
49
Identify which of the following is
not
a type of particulate radiation:
beta particles
nucleons
protons
alpha particles
50
Which of the following was the most recent development in the history of dental x-ray equipment?
Introduction of a variable kilovoltage machine.
Introduction of a recessed long-beam tubehead.
Placement of a miniature version of the x-ray tube inside the head of x-ray
Development of the first hot-cathode x-ray tube.
51
Identify the most dangerous time for a fetus to be exposed to ionizing radiation:
second trimester
all of the above
third trimester
first trimester
52
What is true of the conversion of kinetic energy of the electrons into x-ray photons thru general radiation
General radiation occurs only at 70 kVp and above
Generalradiation consist of xrays of many different energies & wavelengths
Generalradiation is produced when highspeed electron dislodges innershell
Approximately 99% of the x-ray energy produced at the anode=General Radiati
53
Which of the following is true regarding intraoral periapical dental images?
The patient bites on the entire receptor.
Used to examine the crowns on the maxillary and mandibular teeth on 1 image
all of the above
It is used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone
54
Identify the term used to describe an atom that has lost an electron from its orbit:
particle
photon
ion
neutron
55
Identify which of the following is
false:
x-rays travel at the speed of sound
x-rays have no charge
x-rays cannot be focused to a point
x-rays cause ionization
56
Which of the following statements is/are true concerning prescribing dental radiographs?
A radiographic examination should be taken at predetermined time intervals.
blue and yellow
The dentist is the person responsible for prescribing dental radiographs.
Every patient should be evaluated for dental radiograph on individual basis
57
Identify the part of the x-ray tube where x-ray photons are produced:
at the positively charged cathode
at the negatively charged anode
at the positively charged anode
at the negatively charged cathode
58
Identify the exposure factor adjustment used to produce a beam with greater penetrating power:
increase the time setting
increase the target-receptor distance
increase the kilovoltage
increase the milliamperage
59
Which of the following types of cells are most sensitive to radiation?
Cells of children rather than adults
Slowly dividing cells
Rapidly dividing cells
Cells of adults rather than children
60
Identify which of the following is false concerning radiation film badges:
the film badge may be stored in the x-ray area when not being worn
the film badge should be worn at waist level
each radiographer should have his or her own film badge
A film badge shouldn't be worn when the radiographer is undergoing exposure
61
Which of the following exposure factor(s) is used to modify contrast in dental imaging?
milliamperage
processing time
kilovoltage
exposure time
62
Identify the kilovoltage (kV) setting that produces the greatest contrast among images on a radiograph:
75 kV
65 kV
80 kV
90 kV
63
Which of the following areas would appear gray on a radiographic image of correct density?
dentin
bone
air spaces
soft tissue
64
Identify the safest positioning for a radiographer during x-ray exposure:
at least 6 feet behind the patient's head
behind a lead barrier
at a 45-degree angle to the patient
parallel to the tubehead
65
The “R” of ALARA stands for:
reciprocal
remote
reparative
reasonably
66
Which of the following is the most radiosensitive tissue or organ?
liver
salivary glands
kidney
bone marrow
67
Identify the maximum diameter of the collimated x-ray beam as it exits the PID:
2.25 inches
3.25 inches
2.75 inches
1.75 inches
68
The exposure light turns ________ and the beep ______ when the x-ray exposure is completed.
off; stops
on; stops
on; starts
off; starts
69
Which of the following was Otto Walkhoff’s contribution to dental radiography?
He made the first dental radiograph.
He developed the first dental x-ray unit.
He made the first dental radiograph in the United States using a skull.
Exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States on a living person
70
Identify the radiation effects that occur in the exposed person, not in the reproductive cells:
short-term effects
genetic effects
direct effects
somatic effects
71
Identify the recommended distance from the radiographer to the tubehead during x-ray exposure:
at least 9 feet
at least 12 feet
at least 3 feet
at least 6 feet
72
Identify the characteristic(s) of a dental x-ray image that (is/are) associated with the term radiolucent?
all of the above
The portion of a dental image that appears light or white
Radiolucent structures are dense and absorb the passage of the x-ray beam
The portion of a dental image that is dark or black
73
Identify which of the following is used to make a filter:
lead
tungsten
copper
aluminum
74
Identify the best description of primary radiation:
the beam that is deflected from its path by matter
the beam that is less penetrating
the beam that is created when x-rays contact matter
the beam that exits the tubehead
75
Identify the term used to describe the x-ray beam that exits the PID:
primary radiation
direct radiation
secondary radiation
scatter radiation
76
Current, fast film requires less than __% of the initial exposure times used for dental radiography in 1920.
32
2
22
12
77
Identify the purpose of a radiation film badge:
to protect the radiology cubicle from overheating
to monitor the radiation exposure to the radiographer
to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient
to protect the radiographer from radiation exposure
78
Identify the radiation produced when the primary beam interacts with matter:
diverging radiation
primary radiation
leakage radiation
secondary radiation
79
The long-cone paralleling technique was introduced by__________ in 1947.
C. Edmund Kells
Yrjo Paatero
Hisatugu Numata
F. Gordon Fitzgerald
80
Identify the cells that are most sensitive to x-radiation:
nerve cells
all of the above
muscle cells
small lymphocytes
81
Identify the maximum permissible dose (MPD) of an occupationally exposed person:
0.03 Sv/year (3.0 rem/year)
0.01 Sv/year (1.0 rem/year)
0.05 Sv/year (5.0 rem/year)
0.02 Sv/year (2.0 rem/year)
