Final Exam Review

The trace remains of an organism that lived long ago, commonly preserved in sedimentary rock

What does an aquifer allow?

What is the process called when cells are copied with half the number of chromosomes?

Which of the following best describes subduction?

The “rungs” of the DNA ladder are

The process consisting of separation, adaptation, and division is

What kind of scientist studies the history of plants and animals?

Ice, wind, water, gravity, plants, and animals are all agents of

A plant with two dominant OR two recessive alleles is said to be

a force of attraction between objects due to their masses and the distance between the objects

When something changes position, what is it doing?

mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body

The process where organisms best adapted to their environment survive/reproduce successfully

When a train increases its velocity, its momentum

What is a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

What powers the water cycle?

What are the only parts of an atom that make chemical bonds?

A combination of explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will create a

Offspring that are different from both parents are produced by

What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools rapidly?

Scientists have divided the history of the Earth into large divisions called

What is the SI unit for distance?

The Law of Conservation of Mass states

Which of the following always causes change in speed, direction, or both?

If you increase the surface area of a rock, how will it affect the rate at which it weathers?

A silicate mineral must contain

a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Tectonic plates consist of

Which of the following are large clouds of gas and dust?

What does a telescope collect from space and focus for closer observation?

How are sex cells different from other human cells?

These are located on chromosomes and made out of DNA

A hiker begins at 1.8 m/s and slows to 1.5 m/s. Why does hiker has a negative acceleration?

How many years of the history of Earth do geologists study?

What occurs when temperature and pressure inside the Earth’s crust change?

According to the big bang theory, what filled the universe after the original explosion?

What do scientists think may have caused dinosaurs to become extinct?

Chemical weathering is most rapid in areas that are

the mathematical chance that something will happen

Which of the following are isotopes?

Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a

A repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules in a mineral is called

How long does Earth take to rotate once on its axis?

preserved trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, preserved in sedimentary rock

A cinder cone volcano

Which of the following does NOT describe mass?

What do river systems help to do?

Which one of the following is the name for the way cells divide in asexual reproduction?

The core consists mainly of

What kind of rock is formed from lava that cools on the Earth’s surface?

How did Hubble tell that galaxies were moving apart from each other?

Which of the following is the largest division of geologic time?

In a distance vs. time graph, slope is the same as:

Which of these would be shorter if Earth rotated faster?

Which of the following statements describes a chemical change?

Which of the following is NOT a type of electromagnetic radiation found on the spectrum?

a combined force that causes something to move

The force of gravity

Which of the following is NOT true of minerals?

The reaction force of a chair you are sitting on

What is the charge of an aluminum ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons?

New oceanic lithosphere forms as a result of

Dunes usually move in the direction of

Which of the following do scientists think was an ancestor of whales?

A shield volcano

Dividing the total distance traveled by the total time is how to calculate

What type of glacier covers huge areas of land?

What helps prevent wind erosion?

How do geologists use the geologic time scale?

the combination of inherited alleles; letters are used to represent this

What happens during radioactive decay?

According to uniformitarianism, how does geologic change happen?

In the linear equation y = mx + b, m equals:

a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern

A book weighs 6.0 N. If the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s², what it's mass in kg?

What do atoms gain, lose, or share when they bond?

The phrase “younger over older” could be used to remember the principle of

What does speciation create?

How is a well different from a spring?

What is a constellation?

What is the imaginary sphere, created by scientists, that surrounds the Earth?

Scientists think that the Milky Way probably is

About how long does the moon take to orbit the Earth?

What type of glacier forms in a mountainous area?

All of the following are major types of galaxies EXCEPT

a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object

The difference between speed and velocity is that

What binds a galaxy together?

Why don’t noble gases normally form chemical bonds?

How are rock layers arranged in the geologic column?

What evidence shows that the universe is expanding?

size, shape, and position of grains that make up a rock

death of a species

Some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are due to

Which mineral is the most resistant to scratching?

A plant with one dominant and one recessive allele is said to be

a combined force that does not cause movement

Why do astronomers put telescopes in space?

What is the name of the three-dimensional pattern that forms when ions bond?

What's the outermost layer of the Earth called?

A possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary is

When the net forces equal 0 N, they are which of the following?

Which best expresses the relationship between genes and DNA?

Which of the following events would be catastrophe?

Which of the following is the product in the chemical formula N + O₂ -> NO₂?

According to the big bang theory, the universe is about

A process by which softer rocks wear away and leave harder rocks behind is called

In which of the following activities is friction helpful?

What type of boundary is formed when plates separate?

What are strata?

The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on Earth’s surface

Which of the following is the equation for Newton’s second law of motion?

Which of the following are two factors that determine speed?

The sides of the DNA “ladder” are made of

What is the SI unit for speed?

Drop a sugar cube into a glass of water, it will dissolve in a few minutes. This process is

Which of the following do geologists use to date rock layers?

an organism’s appearance

Which of the following is NOT a type of plate-motion?

when one trait is not completely dominant over another; a blend occurs

Scientists compare organisms’ DNA to support the theory that all species share a common

What are the two major groups of minerals?

The process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock is called

What's it called when wind blows sand against exposed rock wearing away the rock’s surface?

What is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact?

a way to organize possible offspring combinations and their probability

What are two signs that different species may have a common ancestor?

Which of the following is the largest?

What does the rock and fossil record represent?

According to the continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed called

standard method that divides Earth’s history into parts

Which shows the sequence of a star’s life cycle from its earliest to latest stage?

What carries the genes that determine sex?

Which of the following is NOT a sign of a chemical reaction?

naturally occurring solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals

Where are most fossils preserved?

the chemical makeup of a rock

In which of the following activities is friction harmful?

What can group numbers on the periodic table help you determine?

Minerals seeping into an organism’s remains form

The water table is found at the boundary between

What process involves comparing rock layers with others in a sequence to determine its age?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral?

Which of the following is an example of a trace fossil?

a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen, and other elements

What does a scientist need to know to figure out the absolute age of a rock?

Which of the following does NOT affect the angle of repose?

Calcium carbonate molecule has 1 calcium (Ca) atom, 3 oxygen (O) atoms, and 1 carbon (C) atom.

What is the simplest method used to find an earthquake's epicenter?

The waves of energy from earthquakes that travel through Earth are called

The H-R diagram shows the relationship of a star’s surface temperature and its

The color of the powder that a mineral leaves on white, unglazed porcelain

process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest

According to Newton’s 1st LOM, a moving object not acted on by an unbalanced force will

largest division of geologic time

What does DNA look like?

What is heredity?

process in which minerals replace tissues

When there is incomplete dominance,

As the distance between two objects increases, the force of gravity between them

Convert 120 m/min to m/hour.

What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?

The different forms of a gene that decide a characteristic are known as

What is a phenotype?

What kind of deformation leads to earthquakes?

a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

What is each color of light on the electromagnetic spectrum?

Old rivers are characterized by

What is the process called in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers?

What animals have been dominant in the Cenozoic era?

What can a scientist learn about a star from its spectrum?

What kind of texture does igneous rock have when magma cools slowly?

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Which of the following is NOT evidence that whales evolved from land mammals?

What is the force that moves glaciers?

What reptiles of the Mesozoic era are the best known?

mold filled with sediment

Find the slope using points: (2, 2) & (5, 4)

How does the geologic column help geologists?

A characteristic that improves an organism’s ability to survive is a(n)

What objects are formed from the materials in the core of a supernova?

DNA is made of subunits called what?

A large rock broken into smaller rocks weathers more quickly because their surface area is

All matter has mass,

What type of boundary is formed when plates collide?

the combination of all forces acting on an object

What kind of rock is formed when magma intrudes into other rock?

Why do sex-linked disorders occur more often in males?

What is the steepest angle at which loose material will not slide down a slope?

Which of the following occurs when water freezes?

What are the charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons?

Which of the following is true?

Most earthquakes happen at the edges of

How long does Earth take to revolve once around the sun?

process by which sediment is removed from its source

What letters represent the four bases?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by soil?

What is the steep side of a dune called?

If a driver was able to travel 600 kilometers in 3 hours, what was his average speed?

What is a trait?

Which of the following choices best represents force?

What is a trait?

What do waves make when they break rock into smaller pieces?

What are the rock and soil deposited by streams called?

In what time period did fish develop and trilobites rule the ocean?

An example of a rapid change in conditions on Earth is

Asexual reproduction relates to humans in that: