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2025 The Big AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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2025 The Big AP Psych Exam Review
2025 The Big AP Psych Exam Review
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1
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
2
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
3
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
balance
sight
touch
4
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
5
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
6
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
fundamental
situational
7
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
8
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
9
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
10
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
11
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
12
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
median
range
mean
13
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
14
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
15
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
blind spot
iris
16
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
17
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
18
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
19
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
20
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
21
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
22
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
eidetic memory
23
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
continuous
fixed ratio
fixed variable
24
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
25
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
26
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
27
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
28
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
circadian rhythm
29
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
30
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
31
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
pons
cerebral cortex
32
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
33
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
34
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
35
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
36
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
difference threshold
37
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
38
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
39
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
40
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
41
which is an example of an implicit/procedural memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
42
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
43
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
44
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
45
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
46
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
47
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
48
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
49
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
remove : punish
50
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
51
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
52
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
53
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
cognitive
54
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
55
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
56
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
serotonin
57
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Babinski
Moro
58
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
59
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
60
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
61
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
62
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
63
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
variances
modes
64
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
65
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
66
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
67
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
68
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
69
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
70
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
habituation
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
71
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cones
optic nerve
cornea
72
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
psychoanalyst
73
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
clap their hands
74
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
75
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
76
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
77
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
78
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
79
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
80
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
primary
continuous
81
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
84
50
68
82
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
83
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis