U9L4 - Globalization

Apple, McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Toyota, and Disney are some examples of global brands

Globalization forced the global community to confront problems related to poverty, hunger, climate change, & disease

The Green Revolution depended on crossbreeding (creating hybrids) and gentic engineering (cell manipulation)

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides short-term loans & financial advice to UN members/countries

Fertility rates declined and gender/sexual roles transformed because of the use/spread of birth control

The World Bank provides loans to fund infrastructure/education/medical projects in underdeveloped/impoverished countries

Labor unions in the USA/Canada __?__ NAFTA because manufacturers built factories in Mexico (low wage Mexican labor)

In 1995 the __?__ replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs/Trade (GATT)

UN scientists argue that global warming is caused by carbon dioxide (greenhouse gases) from burning fossil fuels

Unlike multinational corporations, smaller businesses __?__ extract raw materials/resources from non-native sources

__?__ = an economic system based on scientific/technical research & innovation (as opposed to manufacturing)

Critics opposed the Green Revolution because the chemical fertilizers/pesticides damaged the environment (water, soil)

UN scientists argue environmental catastrophes may become more frequent/severe (hurricanes, droughts, fires, floods)

Global Brands developed as multinational corporations increasingly advertised/distributed their products

The radio/movies/television/internet contributed to the development of popular culture (& consumer culture)

As Western nations transition to knowledge economies, manufacturing is __?__ located in Asia/Latin America (cheap labor)

Critics argue that the IMF disproportionately benefits larger/wealthier members

The Green Revolution also resulted in the development/use of chemical fertilizer/pesticides & new irrigation techniques

Unlike multinational corporations, some smaller businesses __?__ recruit/employ foreign laborers (who are cheaper)

The Olympics and World Cups are global sporting events that have become part of global culture

Critics resent/oppose the waste & pollution associated with the cheap disposable products which Americans consume/depend

The Green Revolution resulted in the development of high-yielding (& pest resistant) varieties of grain (wheat, rice)

__?__ cure bacterial infections

In 1994 the USA, Canada, and Mexico signed a free/fair trade agreement known as __?__

International organizations contributed to the growth of global trade after World War II

Members of GATT __?__ tariffs (taxes on imports) in order to encourage trade

The Green Revolution emerged as a potential solution to global hunger (food scarcity/insecurity) the mid-20th century

NAFTA (1994) was signed when the USA/Canada increasingly transitioned to knolwedge economies (less manufacturing)

The __?__ helps fight [global] poverty by providing loans to [developing] countries

Tariffs went from a high of 40% to a low of 5% by the 1990s

The popularity of American radio/movies/tv/internet led to Americanization (the spread of American cultural elements)

Amazon, Ebay, Etsy, and Alibaba have emerged as online [global] marketplaces

__?__ prevent deadling diseases/viruses like polio, measles, influenza, and covid-19

90% of international trade is governed by rules/regulations made by the WTO

Industrial produduction (manufacturing) often __?__ where nations transitioned to knowledge economies

Critics also opposed the Green Revolution because smaller farmers could not afford the chemical fertilizer/pesticides

Critics resent the World Bank because some of their loans/prjects have damaged the environment

Growing interdependence between people, companies, and governments around the world = __?__

Unlike multinational corporations, smaller/local businesses __?__ have access to loans from the IMF/WTO

23 nations/members founded the General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) in 1947

In 1997 some nations agreed to limit carbon emissions (Kyoto Protocol). The United States did not ratify it, however.

Critics opposed Americanization because local/unique cultures became dilluted by American cultural elements

"Free programing" on the radio/television/internet is made possible by commercial investments (advertisements)