AP Stats Vocab Review

Minimum Q1 M Q3 Maximum 

The mean of its sampling distribution is the true value of the parameter being estimated.

Expected number of trials required to get the first success.

A number that describes some characteristic of a sample.

Gives every possible sample of a given size the same chance to be chosen. 

An individual value that falls outside the overall pattern of a distribution. 

Has mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

Measures the average distance of the observations from their mean. 

Used to display the sample space for a chance process that involves a sequence of outcomes.   

Rule of thumb that all expected counts must be at least 5.

Occurs if H₀ is rejected when H₀ is true. 

Describes a graph of quantitative data with two clear peaks. 

An inactive (fake) treatment. 

Displays the distribution of a quantitative variable. 

A variable that helps explain or influences changes in the other variable. 

The probability that the statistic would take a value as extreme as the one actually observed. 

There is no association between values of one variable and values of the other.

Let Y = the number of trials required to get the first success.

Deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure their responses. 

In a statistical study, the entire group of individuals about which we want information. 

When our P-value is less than the chosen significance level.

A study that attempts to collect data from every individual in the population. 

If the right and left sides of a graph are approximately mirror images of each other. 

An observation that if removed it would markedly change the result of the calculation.

An important class of density curves that are symmetric, single-peaked, and bell-shaped.

Gives the possible values of a random variable and their probabilities.

Describes the spread.

Denoted by A ∪ B, consists of all outcomes in A,or B, or both.  

The imitation of chance behavior, based on a model that accurately reflects the situation. 

Difference of third and first quartiles.

A specific value of an explanatory variable (factor) in an experiment.

Individuals to which treatments are applied.

Measures the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables.

The amount by which y is predicted to change when x increases by one unit. 

The average squared distance of the observations in a data set from their mean. 

The value of a statistic varies in repeated random sampling.

Is completely specified by two numbers, mean μ and standard deviation σ. 

A sample selected by taking the members of the population that are easiest to reach. 

Groups of individuals that are similar in some way that might affect their responses. 

Occurs when a selected individual cannot be contacted or refuses to cooperate.

When the standard deviation of a statistic is estimated from data.

All individuals in the chosen group are included in the sample. 

A number that describes some characteristic of the population.

The design of a statistical study systematically favors certain outcomes. 

The probability that the events A and B occur can be found using P(A ∩ B) = P(A) ∙ P(B | A).

Also known as the "empirical rule." 

Involves adding a constant, multiplying by a constant, or both.

The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process. 

Used to compare the distribution of a quantitative variable for two groups. 

Family of distributions that take only positive values and are skewed to the right.

A statement of “no difference.”

A simple graph that shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line. 

The most important influence on the answers given to a survey. 

Experimental units that are human beings. 

Can be described by the direction, form, and strength of the relationship. 

Has the general form: estimate ± margin of error.

Maximum value minus the minimum value. 

The arithmetic average.

Two events have no outcomes in common and so can never occur together. 

Null states the specified distribution of the categorical variable is correct.

The difference between an observed value and the value predicted by the regression line.  

The number such that half the observations are smaller and the other half are larger. 

A graph of the five-number summary. 

Occurrence of one event has no effect on the chance the other event will happen.

Denoted by A ∩ B, refers to the situation when both events occur at the same time.  

Refers to the event “not A.”

When n is large, the sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately Normal.

Assesses the evidence provided by data about some claim concerning a population.

Tells how many standard deviations a data point is from mean.

Study designs that involve making two observations on the same or two similar individuals.

Occurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling frame.

A variable that measures an outcome of a study. 

The probability that one event happens given that another event has already happened.