Child labor laws were passed in response to

children’s health issues and lack of school attendance.

Why did business leaders, such as Andrew Carnegie, set up universities, museums, and libraries?

to help the disadvantaged through education

How did laissez-faire policies encourage economic growth in the late 1800s?

They allowed entrepreneurs to open businesses with little regulation.

Between 1860 and 1900, a primary cause of migration from rural to urban areas was

increincreasing economic opportunity in cities

Labor unions generally formed as a result of

workers’ desire to improve working conditions and increase wages.

What is an example of a “pull” factor that brought immigrants to the United States?

economic opportunity in the United States

The two railroads that built the transcontinental railroad were the

Union Pacific and Central Pacific.

Department stores changed the idea of shopping by

bringing together a huge array of different products.

The electric streetcar and other forms of public transportation

encouraged urban workers to live outside of larger cities.

Which of the following is an advantage of forming a corporation?

It limits the risk to investors, who can lose only the money they invest.

What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?

The cost of many goods made in the United States decreased.

Why did many working class people remain in cities even though suburbs with better living conditions were available?

Transportation into and out of the city cost more than they could afford

Settlement house programs were mostly focused on

helping immigrants assimilate into American society.

In contrast to European immigrants, immigrants from China

settled on the West coast not the east coast

The growth of the newspaper industry was in part the result of

higher literacy rates as education expanded.

Business owners generally paid low wages in factories because

keeping wages low meant lower production costs.

Department stores became popular in the late 1800s because

they advertised widely and carried high-quality goods at fair prices.

In general how did forms of entertainment change in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

They expanded as more people had the money and leisure time to enjoy them.

What is one advantage that big corporations had over small businesses?

They could produce goods more cheaply and efficiently.

A higher standard of living for the middle class was increasingly identified with

the ability to purchase mass-produced products.

To make rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway Association

divided the country into standardized time zones.

One reason why immigrants from abroad were drawn to cities was because

they could find work & join relatives in established immigrant communities

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Industrialization & Immigration Test Review

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Questions 44

Answers

1
Child labor laws were passed in response to
children’s health issues and lack of school attendance.
the increasing costs of employer-provided day care.
children’s lack of productivity in the work place.
conflicting state regulations about children’s rights.
2
One reason for the country’s idustrial success was its vast abundance of natural
enterprise.
technology.
gross national product.
resources
3
Why did business leaders, such as Andrew Carnegie, set up universities, museums, and libraries?
to avoid paying income taxes on their wealth
to prove that they did not believe in Social Darwinism
to profit from the expanding education sector
to help the disadvantaged through education
4
Laissez-faire relies on ____ to regulate prices and wages.
supply and demand
Inflation
businesses
Government
5
One major way that horizontal integration helped businesses lower production costs was by
setting up agreements to fix prices
encouraging competition for products
merging competing firms
limiting their production
6
How did laissez-faire policies encourage economic growth in the late 1800s?
They allowed entrepreneurs to open businesses with little regulation.
They gave patents to encourage innovation.
They made rail travel easier by creating standard time zones.
They taxed imported goods to support American manufacturing.
7
Between 1860 and 1900, a primary cause of migration from rural to urban areas was
lack of rural housing as building slowed.
increincreasing economic opportunity in cities
government resettlement policies
a rise in crop prices.
8
Workers who tried to unionize were placed _______ so that no company would hire them.
on a blacklist
on leave
in trade unions
in jail
9
A rise in the value of money is called
deflation.
devaluation.
wage enhancement.
monetary expression
10
Labor unions generally formed as a result of
workers’ desire to improve working conditions and increase wages.
federal legislation mandating workers’ rights.
workers’ pressure on the government to enact safety regulations.
business owners’ desire for workers to organize
11
founder of a steel company in Pittsburgh
Jay Gould
Andrew Carnegie
Cornelius Vanderbilt
John D. Rockefeller
12
What is an example of a “pull” factor that brought immigrants to the United States?
land reform abroad that displaced farmers
economic opportunity in the United States
anti-Catholic sentiment in the United States
wars abroad that forced people to flee their homes
13
An example of a technological innovation that increased the country’s natural resource base is
the light bulb.
the steel skyscraper.
the oil drill.
the telegraph.
14
The two railroads that built the transcontinental railroad were the
Southern Railway and Great Northern.
Union Pacific and Central Pacific.
Union Pacific and Great Northern.
Southern Railway and Union Pacific.
15
Department stores changed the idea of shopping by
bringing together a huge array of different products.
offering low prices instead of elaborate service.
locating in rural areas.
coming together to form shopping malls.
16
The electric streetcar and other forms of public transportation
discouraged the production of gas-powered engines.
facilitated development of the Bessemer process.
helped farmers to transport crops to market.
encouraged urban workers to live outside of larger cities.
17
Which of the following is an advantage of forming a corporation?
It allows a single person or family to easily control an entire business
It limits the risk to investors, who can lose only the money they invest.
It gives one company control over an entire industry
It allows workers to organize effectively and gain higher pay.
18
What was one effect of the Industrial Revolution in the United States?
The government lowered taxes.
The cost of many goods made in the United States decreased.
Many more goods were imported.
The number of people working as farmers increased.
19
Why did many working class people remain in cities even though suburbs with better living conditions were available?
Transportation into and out of the city cost more than they could afford
It was difficult to get from the suburbs to the city in time for work
They preferred to continue living in the same place.
Their employers required that they live close to where they worked
20
Settlement house programs were mostly focused on
supporting the work of nativist organizations.
helping immigrants assimilate into American society.
providing jobs and financial help for immigrants.
attracting “new” immigrants to the United States.
21
specialized in helping sell large blocks of stock to investment bankers
Andrew Carnegie
Nikola Tesla
Jay Gould
J. P. Morgan
22
represented all workers in a particular industry
trade union
industrial union
Craft union
Professional union
23
An organization owned by many people but treated by law as though it were a single person?
a corporation
an organized pool
a holding company
a trust
24
In contrast to European immigrants, immigrants from China
mostly traveled to the United States on boats in first class.
were usually admitted quickly after being processed at Angel Island.
settled largely on the east coast, not the west coast.
settled on the West coast not the east coast
25
The growth of the newspaper industry was in part the result of
a new interest in current events.
the growth of cities.
higher literacy rates as education expanded.
government funding for the newspaper industry
26
Started the railroad boom
Homestead Act
Free Trade Act
Industrialization Act
Pacific Railway Act
27
When a single company achieves control of an entire market, it is known as
a corporation.
an oligarchy.
a monopoly.
an integration.
28
In the late 1800s, workers’ buying power generally increased because
wages increased faster than prices
factories often increased prices.
prices fell faster than wages.
factories often increased wages.
29
Business owners generally paid low wages in factories because
keeping wages low meant lower production costs.
government regulation lowered production costs.
they wanted to maximize worker productivity.
labor unions were focused on worker safety rather than pay.
30
Department stores became popular in the late 1800s because
they were the cheapest places for people in the city to shop.
they each created a unique brand by specializing in one kind of product
they carried only luxury goods, which appealed to the trend of consumption
they advertised widely and carried high-quality goods at fair prices.
31
In general how did forms of entertainment change in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
They were increasingly aimed at adults, with few activities for children.
They became more restricted, as only the wealthy had access to them
They were available only to native-born Americans and closed to immigrants.
They expanded as more people had the money and leisure time to enjoy them.
32
The point of a cartel was to
lower production costs Ames
keep prices high.
make deals with suppliers
increase sales in new areas.
33
Supporters of laissez-faire generally favor
free enterprise
government protections.
high prices.
tariffs.
34
What is one advantage that big corporations had over small businesses?
They had higher operating costs.
They could hire more workers.
Their products were more expensive.
They could produce goods more cheaply and efficiently.
35
Which of the following innovations had the greatest impact on standards of living in urban areas?
skyscrapers
electric cable cars
telegraphs
steam engines
36
operated Standard Oil
J.P. Morgan
Eli Whitney
Thomas Edison
John D. Rockefeller
37
enabled longer and heavier trains
airplanes
telegraph
air brakes
steam engines
38
A higher standard of living for the middle class was increasingly identified with
the opportunity to buy a second home.
the opportunity to earn a college degree.
the ability to purchase mass-produced products.
the ability to hold a job in a factory.
39
To make rail service more reliable, in 1883 the American Railway Association
set standards for materials used in the track construction.
divided the country into standardized time zones.
set a maximum number of cars that a train could pull.
drew latitude and longitude lines for the country.
40
People who risk their own money to organize and run businesses are known as
capitalists.
entrepreneurs.
robber barons.
investors.
41
Ragtime music was developed by
music publishers.
African Americans.
new immigrants
factory workers.
42
One reason why immigrants from abroad were drawn to cities was because
they had no experience in agriculture so looked for work in manufacturing
they were required by law to live in cities rather than in the countryside
they had lived in urban areas in their home countries & preferred city life
they could find work & join relatives in established immigrant communities
43
The government offered each railroad company building the Transcontinental Railroad this as pay
railroads
free housing
land
natural resources
44
A shortage of workers in California forced the Central Pacific Railroad to hire workers from
Ireland
Mexico
China
Japan

Industrialization & Immigration Test Review Flashcards | StudBud